Wildlife of Kerala
Wikiquote has quotations related to Wildlife of Kerala.
Most of
highland deciduous and semi-evergreen forests in the east, has a humid tropical climate. However, significant variations in terrain and elevation lead to high biodiversity. But Alappuzha district has no forests.[1]
Evergreen forests
Most of Kerala's significantly biodiverse tracts of wilderness lie in the evergreen forests of its easternmost districts;wetlands of international importance.[4] There are also numerous protected conservation areas, including 1455.4 km2 of the vast Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and 1828 km2 of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.[5]
Parambikulam forest in Palakkad district is one of the jungle regions in Kerala.
Flora
Eastern Kerala's
vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides).[3] The world's oldest teak plantation, Conolly's Plot, is in Nilambur.[6]
Fauna
In turn, the forests play host to such major
boar (Sus scrofa), a variety of catarrhine Old World monkey species, the dhole, and the Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).[7]
Many reptiles, such as the
brackishwater species such as choottachi (orange chromide — Etroplus maculatus; valued as an aquarium specimen) are native to Kerala's lakes and waterways.[9]
Parks, reserves and sanctuaries
National park | Area (km2) | Year started |
---|---|---|
Eravikulam National Park | 97 | 1978[5] |
Silent Valley National Park | 237. 52 | 1984[5] |
Anamudi Shola National Park | 7.5 | 2003[5] |
Mathikettan Shola National Park | 12.817 | 2003[5] |
Pambadum Shola National Park |
1.318 | 2003[5] |
Biosphere reserve | Area (km2) | Year started |
---|---|---|
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | 1455.4 | 1986[5] |
Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve | 1828 | 2001[5] |
Wildlife sanctuary | Area (km2) | Year started |
---|---|---|
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary |
925 | 1950[5] |
Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary | 128 | 1958[5] |
Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary | 125 | 1958[5] |
Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary | 344.44 | 1973[5] |
Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary |
286 | 1973[5] |
Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary | 70 | 1976[5] |
Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary | 53 | 1983[5] |
Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary | 85 | 1984[5] |
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary | 90.44 | 1984[5] |
Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary | 171 | 1984[5] |
Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary | 55 | 1984[5] |
Kurinjimala Sanctuary | 32 | 2006[5] |
Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary | 74.21 | 2009[5] |
Kottiyoor Wildlife Sanctuary | 30.38 | 2011[5] |
Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary | 227.97 | 2020[10] |
Bird sanctuary | Area (km2) | Year started |
---|---|---|
Thattekad Bird Sanctuary | 25 | 1983[5] |
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary | 0.0274 | 2004[5] |
Chulanur Bird Sanctuary | 3.42 | 2007[5] |
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary | 0.0566 | [11] |
Tiger reserve | Area (km2) | Year started |
---|---|---|
Periyar Tiger Reserve |
925 | 1978 |
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve | 648.50 | 1973 |
Community reserve | Area (km2) | Year started |
---|---|---|
Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary | 1.5 | 2007[5][12] |
See also
- List of Odonata of Kerala
- List of butterflies of Kerala
- List of amphibians of Kerala
- List of reptiles of Kerala
- List of birds of Kerala
- List of mammals of Kerala
Notes
- Idukki district has the most forest land in Kerala while Alappuzhahas none.
References
- ^ "Alappuzha | District Alappuzha, Government of Kerala | India". Retrieved 8 June 2021.
- ^ (Sreedharan 2004, p. 11).
- ^ a b c (Sreedharan 2004, p. 12).
- ^ Chandran 2018, p. 342.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Chandran 2018, p. 347.
- ^ "World's oldest teak trees dying in Kerala". DNA India. 13 May 2009.
- ^ (Sreedharan 2004, pp. 174–175).
- ^ (Sreedharan 2004, p. 163).
- ^ (Sreedharan 2004, pp. 164–165).
- ^ K R Rajeev (1 July 2020). "Karimpuzha to be Kerala's 18th wildlife sanctuary". Times of India.
- ^ "Kumarakom". Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
- ^ "The Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary". keralatourism.org. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- Chandran, VP (2018). Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019 (Malayalam Edition). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.
- Sreedharan, TP (2004), "Biological Diversity of Kerala: A survey of Kalliasseri panchayat, Kannur district" (PDF), Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development (Centre for Development Studies), retrieved 13 January 2006