Wildlife of Pakistan

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Wildlife of Pakistan
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The wildlife of

Oriental.[2] The northern regions of Pakistan, which include Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan include portions of two biodiversity hotspot, Mountains of Central Asia and Himalayas.[3]

Habitats

Northern highlands and plains

Markhor is the national animal of Pakistan

The northern highlands include lower elevation areas of

scrub and temperate forests
.

Some of the wildlife species found in northern mountainous areas and

Muree Hills frog
.

Threatened species include the snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Indian wolf, rhesus macaque, markhor, Siberian ibex and white-bellied musk deer.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Bird species present are cheer pheasant, peregrine falcon and western tragopan.[13]

Indus plains and deserts of Sindh

The

kikar, mulberry and sheesham. Such geographical landforms accompanied by an excellent system of monsoon
climate provides an excellent ground for diversity of flora and fauna species. However, the plains are equally appealing to humans for agricultural goals and development of civilization.

Some of the non-threatened mammal species includes the

hog deer, dholes, Indian pangolin, Punjab urial and Sindh ibex, bird species of white-backed vulture and reptile species of black pond turtle and gharial. Grey partridge is one of the few birds that can be found in the Cholistan desert.[14]

Mugger crocodiles inhabit the Deh Akro-II Desert Wetland Complex, Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary, Chotiari Reservoir and Haleji Lake.[15][16][17]

Western highlands, plains and deserts

The western region of Pakistan, most of which is enveloped in

xeric shrubland vegetation in the region. Date palms and ephedra are common flora varieties in the desert.[citation needed
]

dromedary Camel

The

Balochistan toad.[citation needed
]

Wetlands, coastal regions and marine life

There are a number of protected

freshwater
.

The east half of the coast of Pakistan is located in the south of Sindh province, which features the Indus River Delta and the coast of the Great Rann of Kutch. The largest saltwater wetland in Pakistan is the Indus River Delta. Unlike many other river deltas, it consists of clay soil and is very swampy. The west coast of the Great Rann of Kutch, east to the Indus River Delta and below the Tharparkar desert, is one of the few places where greater flamingos come to breed. It is also a habitat for endangered species of lesser florican. Unlike the Indus River Delta, this part of the coast is not as swampy and exhibits shrubland vegetation of rather dry thorny shrubs as well as marsh grasses of Apluda and Cenchrus.

Indian grey mongoose

The vegetation of the Indus River Delta is mainly represented by various

golden mahseer and large freshwater shrimp
(Macrobrachium species), are part of the abundant aquatic life.

The west half of the Pakistan coast is in the south of Balochistan province. It is also called the

Gwatar Bay. Miani Hor is a swampy lagoon on the coast in the Lasbela district where the climate is very arid. The sources of fresh water for Miani Hor are the seasonal river of Porali. The nearest river to the other lagoon, Kalmat Khor, is the Basol River. Gawatar, the third site, is an open bay with a mouth almost as wide as its length. Its freshwater source is the Dasht River, the largest seasonal river of Baluchistan. All three bays support mainly A. marina species of mangrove. Pakistan also plans to rehabilitate mangrove-degraded areas at Sonmiani and Jiwani
in Balochistan.

Along the shores of

yellow-bellied sea snake are also found in the pelagic zone of the sea. The wetlands of Pakistan are also a home to the mugger crocodile who prefer freshwater habitat.

Goitered gazelle

Extinct

See also:
List of extinct plants of Pakistan

Regionally extinct
species in Pakistan include:

Regional departments

See also

References

  1. ^ "Convention on Biological Diversity – Government of Pakistan". Retrieved 2022-12-01.
  2. ^ Shah, M.; Baig, K.J. (1999). "Threatened Species Listing in Pakistan: status, issues and prospects". In IUCN (ed.). Using IUCN Red List Criteria at National Level: A Regional Consultative Workshop for South and Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka. IUCN Regional Biodiversity Program, Asia. pp. 70–81.
  3. ^ "Biodiversity Hot spots of Pakistan and the world - SU LMS". Retrieved 2022-11-30.
  4. doi:10.1007/s10344-011-0521-2
    .
  5. doi:10.1007/s10344-013-0782-z
    .
  6. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.004
    .
  7. ^ Qureshi, R.; Khan, W.A.; Bhatti, G.R.; Khan, B.A.B.A.R.; Iqbal, S.; Ahmad, M.S.; Abid, M.; Yaqub, A. (2011). "First report on the biodiversity of Khunjerab National Park, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Botany (43(2)): 849–861.
  8. ^ Minhas, R.A.; Ahmed, K.B.; Awan, M.S.; Dar, N.I. (2010). "Social organization and reproductive biology of Himalayan grey langur (Semnopithecus entellus ajax) in Machiara National Park, Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)". Pakistan Journal of Zoology (42): 143–156.
  9. doi:10.1007/bf02739364
    .
  10. ^ Woodford, M.H.; Frisina, M.R.; Awan, G.A. (2004). "The Torghar conservation project: management of the livestock, Suleiman markhor (Capra falconeri) and Afghan urial (Ovis orientalis) in the Torghar Hills, Pakistan". Game and Wildlife Science (21(3)): 177–187.
  11. ^ Raza, G.; Mirza, S.N.; Anwar, M.; Hussain, I.; Khan, S.W.; Ahmad, K.; Nawaz, M.A.; Ahmad, N. (2015). "Population and Distribution of Himalayan Ibex, Capra ibex sibrica, in Hushe Valley, Central Karakoram National Park, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Zoology (47(4)): 1025–1030.
  12. ^ Qamar, Q.; Anwarr, M.; Minhas, R.A. (2008). "Distribution and population status of Himalayan musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in the Machiara National Park, AJ&K". Pakistan Journal of Zoology (40(3)): 159–163.
  13. ^ Raja, N. A; P. Davidson, et al. (1999). "The birds of Palas, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan". Forktail 15: 77–85.
  14. ^ Ali, Kalbe (21 October 2013). "Due to ban on hunting, wild boars rampant in Islamabad". dawn.com.
  15. ^ Chang, M. S.; Gachal, G. S.; Qadri, A. H.; Shaikh, M. Y. (2012). "Bio-ecological status, management and conservation of Marsh Crocodile (Crododylus palustris) in Deh Akro 2, Sindh, Pakistan". Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) (44 (2)): 209–214.
  16. ^ Chang, M.S.; Gachal, G. S.; Qadri, A. H.; Jabeen, T.; Baloach, S.; Shaikh, M. Y. (2012). "Distribution and population status of Marsh Crocodiles, Crocodilus palustris in Nara Desert Wildlife Sanctuary (NDWS) Sindh, Pakistan". Sindh University Research Journal (Science Series) (44 (3)): 453–456.
  17. ^ Chang, M. S.; Gachal, G. S.; Qadri, A. H.; Sheikh, M. Y.; Chang, S. (2013). "Ecological impacts on the population of Marsh Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) in Chotiari Wetland Complex Sanghar, Sindh: A survey report". Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (7 (2)): 2363–2373.
  18. ^ Pocock R. I. (1930). "The Panthers and Ounces of Asia". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 34 (1): 65–82.
  19. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T19496A8928657.en
    . Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  20. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T7140A12828813.en
    . Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  21. ^ Kinnear, N. B. (1920). "The past and present distribution of the lion in south eastern Asia". Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 27: 34–39.
  22. ISBN 978-0-8008-8324-9
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  23. ^ Husain, T. S. (2001). Survey for the Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, in Balochistan province, Pakistan (PDF) (Report). Cat Action Treasury, IUCN Pakistan, Balochistan Programme.
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  25. ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Pokharel, C.P.; Sagar Baral, H.; Timmins, R. (2015). "Rucervus duvaucelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T4257A22167675. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
  26. ^ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M.; Bouskila, A. (2016). "Equus hemionus ssp. khur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016.
  27. ^ Brook, S.M.; Donnithorne-Tait, D.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Ahmad, K. (2017). "Cervus hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T4261A120733024. Retrieved 15 January 2018.

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