Wildlife of the United Arab Emirates
The wildlife of the United Arab Emirates is the flora and fauna of the country on the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula and the southern end of the Persian Gulf. The country offers a variety of habitats for wildlife including the coast, offshore islands, mangrove areas, mudflats, salt pans, sand and gravel plains, sand dunes, mountain slopes, wadis and rocky summits. Because the terrain is so varied, it supports a greater number of species of plants and animals than might have been expected in this relatively small country.
Geography
The United Arab Emirates occupy a corner of Arabia bounded by
In the southeast of the country, near the border with Oman, there is a man-made lake, Lake Zakher, formed as a result of the release of waste water from the desalination plants on which the UAE relies for its freshwater supplies. The lake has formed as the groundwater rose, and many birds now visit the lake.[5]
Flora
A wide range of plants is associated with the many types of habitat in the United Arab Emirates. One of these types is the sabkha, an area in which salty water has flooded the land shallowly and later evaporated, leaving crusty salt pans. These occur on the western part of the Gulf Coast but also among dunes inland. The plants found on their edges are salt-tolerant members of Salicornioideae and Zygophyllum.
At inland sites
Plants of the gravel plains further east again include
Jabal Hafeet and the nearby
Fauna
Over four hundred species of bird have been recorded in the United Arab Emirates, with about ninety species breeding regularly in the country while the balance are winter visitors, migrants or vagrants. The country is on the crossroads of two major migratory routes, one between the Palaearctic and Africa, the other between the Near East and the Indian subcontinent, and the migrants make use of the many types of habitat available.[10]
About 250,000 waders visit the Gulf shores and mudflats at peak migration time; these include the
Waters of the
A large number of passerine birds breed in the deserts, salt flats, plains, dunes and mountains. Twelve species of wheatear have been recorded in the country as well as warblers, babblers, rollers, bulbuls, the desert lark and many others. The sooty falcon overwinters in Madagascar and breeds in the United Arab Emirates. Other than this, there are only a small number of raptor species; Bonelli's eagle, barbary falcon, short-toed snake eagle, long-legged buzzard and lappet-faced vulture.[10]
Many of the large mammals found in the Arabian Peninsula were well-adapted to desert life in the harsh terrain, but were wiped out by human hunting in the last hundred years or so. Hunting is now banned in the United Arab Emirates, but feral goats and donkeys are plentiful and graze indiscriminately, lessening the chance for the native gazelles to recover from their reduced population sizes. Large terrestrial mammals still found in the United Arab Emirates include the
The
Over 54 species of terrestrial reptiles have been recorded in the UAE. These include a large number of lizards, found in all environments from desert, to city, to mountain-top, and a single species of worm lizard. There are thirteen species of terrestrial snake, some of the largest being the sand boa, the saw-scaled viper and the horned viper, and four species of sea snake as well as green sea turtles present in the Persian Gulf. The Ru'us al-Jibal have a gecko of the genus Ptyodactylus named after them.[3] There are two species of amphibian in the United Arab Emirates, the Arabian toad and the Dhofar toad; the former is more commonly seen as the Dhofar toad is nocturnal.[16]
In February 2019, the Environment Agency Abu Dhabi recorded the sighting of an Arabian caracal in Jebel Hafeet National Park in Al Ain Region, the first such sighting in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi since 1984.[18][19][20]
The houbara is protected in the United Arab Emirates. In February 2019, 50 birds were released into the desert in Al Ain Region, to help conserve the birds and increase their number in the wild.[21]
See also
- Al Marmoom Desert Conservation Reserve, Dubai
- Al-Wathba Wetland Reserve, Abu Dhabi
- Ras Al Khor, Dubai
- Sir Abu Nu'ayr, Sharjah
- Sir Bani Yas, Abu Dhabi
- Wadi Wurayah, Fujairah
- Wildlife of Oman
- Wildlife of Saudi Arabia
References
- ^ Gardner, Andrew Somerville (January 2004). "The reptiles of Jebel Hafeet". ADCO and Emirates Natural History Group: 149–168. Retrieved 2019-01-14.
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(help) - ^ Salama, Samir (2011-12-30). "Al Ain bears evidence of a culture's ability to adapt". Gulf News. Retrieved 2018-08-07.
- ^ PMID 28767644, e0180397
- ISBN 0-540-05831-9.
- ^ "The accidental lake: Birdwatcher's oasis or ecological disaster?". CNN. 2013-03-14. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-4017-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-900724-02-9.
- ^ Dennehy, John (2019-04-01). "Motorists face major roadworks on busy Abu Dhabi street". The National. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
- ^ Reimer, Bob (2004-04-16), Wadi Tarabat Survey, Emirates Natural History Group, retrieved 2019-02-11
- ^ ISBN 978-1-900724-02-9.
- ^ WAM. 2017. Abu Dhabi has world’s largest population of humpback dolphins. Emirates 24/7. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
- ^ Gulf News. 2017. Abu Dhabi proves a haven for humpback dolphins. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
- ^ Sanker A.. 2017. Abu Dhabi leads world in humpback dolphin numbers. Khaleej Times. Retrieved on September 21, 2017
- ^ ISBN 978-1-900724-02-9.
- PMID 20570441.
- ^ "Animal Species in the UAE". UAEPedia. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ^ Breeding Centre for Endangered Arabian Wildlife. Environment and Protected Areas Authority, (Sharjah).
- ^ "Arabian Caracal sighted in Abu Dhabi for first time in 35 years". Emirates 24/7. 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
- ^ "Arabian Caracal spotted in Abu Dhabi for first time in 35 years". WAM. Abu Dhabi: Khaleej Times. 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
- ^ "Arabian caracal spotted for first time in Abu Dhabi in 35 years". The National. 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-02-23.
- ^ "Fifty Houbara birds released into the UAE desert - in pictures". The National. 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-02-28.