Wilhelma
Wilhelma Zoological-Botanical Garden Stuttgart | |
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(German: Wilhelma Zoologisch-Botanischer Garten Stuttgart) | |
Alternative names | Schloss Wilhelma |
General information | |
Type | Zoo |
Architectural style | Moorish Revival |
Classification | Zoo |
Location | Bad Cannstatt District, Baden-Württemberg |
Address | Wilhelma 13, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany |
Town or city | Stuttgart |
Country | Germany |
Coordinates | 48°48′19″N 9°12′11″E / 48.80528°N 9.20306°E |
Opened | 1919 (as a botanical garden),[1] 1951 (first animal exhibit)[2] |
Client | Wilhelma Zoo[3] |
Owner | Baden-Württemberg, Ministry of Finance[3] |
Landlord | Baden-Württemberg, Ministry of Finance[3] |
Affiliation | Department of Real Estate and Buildings[3] |
Grounds | 30 hectares (74 acres)[1] |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Ludwig von Zanth |
Known for | Wilbär the polar bear, accidentally breeding of a virulent strain of Caulerpa taxifolia[4] |
Website | |
www |
Wilhelma (German:
The Zoo and Botanical Garden have been staffed since 1846.
Wilhelma receives gorilla juveniles rejected by their mother and reared by the zookeepers. At age 2-3, the gorillas are sent back to their original zoo(s).[9]
History
Pre-Modern Wilhelma
In 1829, the property the zoo stood near the mineral springs on the
1842 saw the completion of the first few buildings of the Duke's bathhouse and the site received the name Wilhelma. The imaginative von Zanth knew how to fire up the Duke's mind and thus was able to complete the Duke's summer villa, which consisted of a residential building, a domed hall and two neighboring greenhouses, each with a corner pavilion. In 1846, the marriage between Charles I of Württemberg and Olga Nikolaevna of Russia was celebrated at Wilhelma, which by now had a banquet hall, two main building with several courtrooms, several gazebos, greenhouses and a large park.[citation needed] The cottage would be finished 20 years later.[6][10]
Beginning of Modern Wilhelma
The abdication of King in 1918 saw Wilhelma pass into the possession of the city of Stuttgart and state of Baden-Württemberg. To this day it has been maintained by the Ministry of Finances.[11] Wilhelma was opened to the public in 1919 as a botanical garden. A significant part of the zoo's income was the orchid collection, which brought in money by selling offspring from the garden (a practice at that time unique in Germany). The Imperial Garden Show of 1939 took place in Stuttgart at Wilhelma.[12]
Wilhelma was badly damaged during World War II Allied bombing raids during the night of October 19 and 20, 1944. The Garden and Orangery suffered extensive damage; the plants that had not been moved prior to prevent their destruction were either destroyed or heavily damaged. The then director of the gardens, Albert Schöchle wanted to restore the gardens but also had an idea to once again incorporate animals on the property.[2]
Establishment
1949 saw the reopening ceremony that featured an
Expansion
1960 was a good year for Wilhelma; the Stuttgart Council of Ministers approved expansions of the zoo, and this was approved by the
Current use
By 1993, Wilhelma reached its current size. A new ape house was opened in May 2013 (construction cost 22 million euros). The redesigned exterior of the elephant enclosure was completed in April 2012.[18] To make room for even more elephants, the rhinos will be moving to their previous enclosure. A new hippo plant on the Neckar with a new pedestrian crossing is in development. A collaboration with the Neckar-Käpt'n and the National Museum of Natural History on this topic is being discussed. Construction will connect Wilhelma to Stuttgart 21 and B10 tunnel; Wilhelma will serve as a railroad stop on the B10 route. Construction is to begin in September 2015. Another 20 year bill granting funds for further expansion to Wilhelma was put up for consideration by the Ministry of Finances was approved July 2015.[19][20]
Exhibits
Pachyderms
The Elephant and Rhino houses were completed in 1968, and ropes were later installed in 1990 to replace the chains. The grounds of both buildings were redesigned in 2012 to include trees and an animal friendly scrub basin, increasing its total size to 830 square metres (8,900 sq ft).[21] In addition, a clay wallows and two basins with interchangeable substrates (e.g. bark mulch, gravel.) were added.[22] Currently, there are two living elephants at Wilhelma: Pama (1966) and Vella (1967). Previous elephants include Vilja, the oldest living elephant in Europe, died July 10, 2010 (cause of death is thought to be circulatory collapse), and Molly, whom was euthanized in July 2011 at the age of about 45 years. Other elephants at the zoo include the African elephant Jumbo and, briefly, an Asian bull elephant sent by the Indian state as a gift to Stuttgart. Another construction project, announced in a speech, that will begin in 2020 is in the planning stages.[20]
Wilhelma's rhinos, housed in the same building as the elephants, include:Bruno, the bull, who was raised in Cologne, and until 2019 Sani who was given to Stuttgart by the Nepalese state as a gift in 1993. Together, they made up the current breeding pair. Before them, Wilhelma's Rhino breeding pair were Nanda and Puri.
The Tapir House, built in the Expansion era in 1968, housed the
Ungulates
The plant complex for African
The "Ranch" that borders the Tapir House, new Ape House, and excavation site of the tunnel to
Primates
The old
When the old ape house (built in 1973) no longer met international standards, Wilhelma had to build a new ape house. In Spring of 2010, the project began to not only meet international standards, but to also include housing for gorillas and bonobos in an outdoor area. The new building, 13 times the size of the original structure at 4,500 square metres (48,000 sq ft), was opened to the public on May 14, 2013.[30][31] Construction of the New Ape House wound up costing the zoo about 22 million euros, 70% more than the original 9.5 million euros financed towards the project.[30][32] The unfortunate deaths of two bonobos thanks to malfunctioning components in the ventilation system have called the construction quality of the building into question.[33]
The Monkey facility, opened in 1973, now houses both gibbons and lutungs. Here, Wilhelma's breeding program for the
Since 1975, two other structures for (originally) housing primates were reconstructed. The larger of the two now houses
Birds
The first major expansion to Wilhelma's collection of birds began with the Sub Tropics Aviary in 1981 that houses
Due to the strain put on the historic wall of the Sub Tropic Aviary by the New Ape House, a new project for a larger aviary is pending.There are several aviaries behind Damascene Hall that were once used for Pheasantry when Wilhelma was still a palace for the King of Württemberg.[36] In the post war period, these were used for housing small predatory animals including Canines, small cats, and civets.[37] Since the restoration of the aviaries in the 1990s, they now hold native birds such as partridges, Eurasian bullfinches, sparrows, and various pigeon species. In 2015, a modification was made to these aviaries to house capercaillies for Wilhelma's in situ participation of Species protection in the Black Forest region.[38]
For the
In 1993, an aviary for birds from all over the world was constructed. Included are
Wilhelma's collection of cranes began with a bird exhibition in 1950:
Trivia
- The aquarium staff was responsible for inadvertently breeding a strain of Caulerpa taxifolia or "Killer Algae", a highly invasive species of algae which has had "severe negative consequences for biodiversity".[4]
- Wilhelma Zoo is Europe's only large combined zoological and botanical garden.
- The upper section of the zoo includes an impressive stand of sequoia trees.
- The botanical gardens contain Europe's biggest magnolia grove.
- Wilhelma adjoins a public park to its west laid out in the 'Englishlandscape style' of rolling grass and informal groups of trees; this perfectly complements the landscape of the zoo.
- Wilhelma has a branch department in Fellbach where it keeps Stallions.[41]
- Wilhelma is the only state owned zoo in Germany.
- Wilhelma is a member of WAZA and EAZA organisations.
Gallery
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Gustav Werner in the Lion's Cage
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Grey herons in a tree at the entrance
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The green- and nocturnal house
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Nymphaea Pond in spring
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Giant millipede
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Echinocactus grusonii
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The large greenhouse at Wilhelma
See also
References
Warning: Most of these notes are in German.
Bibliography
- Schöchle, Albert (1981). The Bandit's Confession of a Passionate Gardener and Animal Friends. Stuttgart: Theiss Verlag. ISBN 3-8062-0269-9.
- Neugebauer, Wilbert (1971). A Guide Through the Zoological and Botanical Gardens of Wilhelma in Stuttgart. Stuttgart Bad Canstatt: Stehn. ISBN 3-87779-001-1.
- Jauch, Dieter. Wilhelma: The Zoo and Botanical Gardens of Stuttgart. ISBN 3-87779-063-1.
Notes
- ^ a b "Zoologisch-Botanischer Garten Wilhelma". Zoo-Infos. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ a b c d "20th Century". wilhelma.de. Wilhelma. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "Technical Data and Facts". Wilhelma Zoo. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ a b Pierre Madl and Maricella Yip (2005). "Literature Review of Caulerpa taxifolia". University of Salzburg. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
- ^ "Most Popular Attractions in Baden-Wurttemberg". SWR Fernsehen. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ a b "19th Century - Wilhelma". Wilhelma Zoo. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ "Willkommen - Verband der Zoologischen Gärten (VdZ) e.V". www.zoodirektoren.de. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ "Wilhelma-Außenstelle: Ein Kloster für Tiere". Stuttgarter Zeitung. 2014-07-14. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ "The gorilla kindergarten". Wilhelma Zoo.
- ^ "The Moorish Villa". Wilhelma Zoo. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
- ^ mfw.baden-wuerttemberg.de
- ^ Schöchle, p. 129
- ^ Schöchle, p. 153
- ^ Schöchle, p. 149
- ^ a b Schöchle, p. 154
- ^ Schöchle, p. 155
- ^ "History of the Foundation". Friends and Supporters of Wilhelma. 20 February 2015.
- ^ a b "21st Century". Wilhelma Zoo.
- ^ Raidt, Erik (July 4, 2015). "Wilhelma is about to Grow". Stuttgarter-Zeitung. Stuttgarter Zeitung. Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
- ^ a b Deufel, Michael (January 7, 2016). "Lion posture will play an important role". Stuttgarter Nachrichten. Stuttgarter Nachrichten. Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Retrieved April 25, 2016.
- ^ "New Wellness Facility at Wilhelma". Welt. Weltn24. WeltN24 GmbH. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
- ^ "Wilhelma Opens New Elephant Enclosure". Zoogast. Tiersche News. Tiersche News. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
- ^ Neugebauer, p. 30
- ^ "New Success in the Breeding of the Okapi". Wilhelma Zoo. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
- ^ "African Hoofed Animals - Wilhelma". www.wilhelma.de. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ Jauch, pp. 66–75
- ^ "Pachyderms and Non-African Hoofed Animals". Wilhelma Zoo.
- ^ Schöchle, p. 247
- ^ "A New Home for Susi and Moritz". Wilhelma Zoo.
- ^ a b Heffner, Markus (May 15, 2013). "New Ape House Sees Many Visitors". Stuttgarter-Zeitung. Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Stuttgart-Zeitung. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
- ^ "The New Ape House at Wilhelma is Open". Stuttgarter-Zeitung. Stuttgart-Zeitung. May 14, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
- ^ Raidt, Erik (April 12, 2013). "Monkey Panne & Co". Stuttgarter-Zeitung. Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Stuttgart-Zeitung. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
- ^ Deuful, Michael (February 3, 2015). "How Many Monkeys Have to Die?". Stuttgarter-Nachrichten. Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Stuttgart-Nachrichten. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ "Monkey House: Wilhelma Pleased About Kindersegen". Stuttgarter Nachrichten. StN. Stuttgarter Nachrichten Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- ^ "www.Zootierliste.de". www.zootierliste.de. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ "The Damascene Hall". Wilhelma Zoo.
- ^ Schöchle, p. 176
- ^ Jauch, pp. 150–151
- ^ "A New Colony of Antarctic King Penguins". Wilhelma Zoo. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
- ^ Jauch, pp. 155–157
- ^ Buchmeier, Frank. "Ein Kloster für Tiere". Stuttgarter-Zeitung. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.