Willi Birkelbach

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Willi Birkelbach
Willi Birkelbach, 2004
Member of the Bundestag
In office
7 September 1949 – 30 September 1964
Personal details
Born(1913-01-12)12 January 1913
Frankfurt/Main
Died17 July 2008(2008-07-17) (aged 95)
NationalityGerman
Political partySPD

Willi Birkelbach

CBE (12 January 1913 – 17 July 2008) was a West German politician (SPD). He was a member of the West German Bundestag (national parliament) between 1949 and 1964. Between 1952 and 1964 he also served as an increasingly prominent Member of the European Parliament (and its precursor body).[1][2]

In 1971 he became the first ever

German Federal Republic.[3][4]

Biography

Early years

Willi Birkelbach was born in

Catholic family while Luise Birkelbach was a Protestant.[6]

Willi Birkelbach completed his schooling at a secondary school in 1932 and joined a company called "Marx und Hart" where between 1932 and 1935 he undertook an apprenticeship in business, with a particular focus on foreign trade and industrial accounting. Thus qualified he represented various German firms in

Frankfurt (1938) and "Kulzer & Co", also of Frankfurt (1941–1942).[7] There were two significant gaps in his employment record during the twelve National Socialist years which relate to his political involvement.[7]

Middle years

In 1946 he came home to

United States, which came with a bursary.[8]

Between 1953 and 1958, he represented the IG Metall union as a member of the supervisory board at Mannesmann AG. Then, till 1978, he took a similar position at the Bochum Steel Works, serving between 1968 and 1978 as deputy board chairman.[7]

Politics

Under National Socialism

Still aged only 17, Willi Birkelbach joined the

North Africa. However, the fortunes of war moved on, and by the time he was captured he had been sent to fight in Greece. He managed - possibly with others - to desert and join up with Greek partisans, whom he accompanied northwards into Albania.[11] Here he was captured by the British.[11] He spent approximately two years, between 1944 and 1946, as a Prisoner of war.[8] The British took him to a prisoners' camp in Egypt.[12] Most of the other prisoners were also German, and together they set up what they called a "desert university" ("Wüstenuniversität"), studying to prepare, Birkelbach later said, for a postwar return to democratic structures.[11][12]

After 1945

National Parliament

In August 1949, the newly launched West German Republic held the first democratic general election in which Germans had participated since 1932. Birkelbach was elected an SPD member of it, representing the Frankfurt south-east electoral district, gaining slightly less than 40% of the constituency vote and comfortably out-polling his CDU and FPD rival candidates.[5][13] He remained a Bundestag member till retiring from the chamber on 30 September 1964.[14] Due to the national election results during those fifteen years he was always in opposition, however.

European parliament

Between 1952 and 1964, he was also a member - and from 1959 to 1964 chairman - of the Socialist group in the European Parliament.[14]

In December 1961, Birkelbach headed up a European Parliamentary Commission mandated to recommend the criteria for new member states. The resulting "Birkelbach Report" covered geographic and economic criteria, but it also extended to political considerations such as democracy and the rule of law. In January 1962 the report was accepted in a cross-party basis, and a few months later it served as the basis for the rejection of Francoist Spain as a membership candidate.[15]

Party

Between 1954 and 1963, he was regional

Soviet expansionist foreign policy, the 1950s were a period of intense soul-searching within the SPD. That was crystallised in five years of relatively structured internal debate which resulted in the 1959 publication of the Godesberg Program which rejected the goal of replacing capitalism, instead adopting a commitment to "reform capitalism". Brikelbach himself is identified in some sources as one of the (many) authors of the report.[14] Willi Birkelbach lined up with Wolfgang Abendroth, accepting the need for modernisation, but without abandoning the party's socialist core.[16] By 1958 Birkelbach was finding himself increasingly at odds with the party leadership over the Godesberg process, and that year he did not seek re-election to the SPD national party executive.[8][17]

He nevertheless remained actively engaged with the party. In 2005, now more than ninety years old, he was still appearing as a speaker in Frankfurt during the General Election campaign.

Other public offices

From 1964 to 1969, Birkelbach was employed as a secretary of state and, in effect, the head of the State Chancelry of the State of Hessen. During this time he employed Christel Guillaume as a senior typist-secretary, with a desk directly outside his own office.[18] It later emerged that Christel Guillaume was working for East German intelligence, and in 1974 she was sentenced to an eight-year prison term for espionage. She was sent back to East Germany where she was feted as a peace-scout ("Kundschafterin des Friedens") in 1981 as part of a wider "spy-swap".[18] Outside Germany she is better known to historians and commentators as the wife of Günter Guillaume, whose own espionage activities led to the political downfall of Chancellor Brandt.[18]

Between 1966 and 1976, Birkelbach was a member of the broadcasting council of the Frankfurt-based public broadcaster, Hessischer Rundfunk, as a representative of the state government.[8]

In 1971, Willi Birkelbach became the first ever

German Federal Republic.[3]

Awards and honours (selection)

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Willi Birkelbach: deutscher Politiker; SPD". Geburtstag Heute wäre Willi Birkelbach 100 Jahre alt geworden. Munzinger Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  2. ^ "Die Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages - 1.-13. Wahlperiode: Alphabetisches Gesamtverzeichnis; Stand: 28. Februar 1998" [The members of the German Bundestag - 1st - 13th term of office: Alphabetical complete index] (PDF). webarchiv.bundestag.de (in German). Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Bundestages (WD 3/ZI 5). 1998-02-28. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
  3. ^ a b "Der erste Datenschützer kam aus Hessen". Geburtstag Heute wäre Willi Birkelbach 100 Jahre alt geworden. Mannheimer Morgen. 12 January 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  4. ^ a b Ludger Fittkau (31 January 2018). ""Eine originär hessische Erfindung"". Pionier beim Datenschutzgesetz. Deutschland Radio (Deutschlandfunk Kultur), Köln. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-92-846-4698-2. Retrieved 1 May 2019. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help); |work= ignored (help
    )
  6. ^ a b c d "Birkelbach, Johann: * 15.3.1880 Winden (Lahn), † 8.6.1964 Schwalbach am Taunus, katholisch, Arbeiter, Abgeordneter". Hessische Biografie. Hessisches Landesamt für geschichtliche Landeskunde. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Willi Birkelbach". Klaus Dreßler. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Willi Birkelbach". Lebenslauf. Luise Maria u. Klaus Dreßler. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  9. ^ Axel Ulrich. "Arbeitereinheitsfront gegen den Faschismus?" (PDF). Zum Widerstand von Trotzkisten gegen das NS-Regime mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Rhein-Main-Gebietes. Verein für Sozialgeschichte Mainz e. V. (Mainz, Wiesbaden und Rheinhessen in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus). pp. 101–132. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  10. ^ "Bökel: Problem des Rechtsextremismus nimmt an Brisanz zu". SPD-Fraktion im Hessischen Landtag, Wiesbaden. 3 May 2001. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-3-412-22467-7. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help); |work= ignored (help
    )
  12. ^ a b Bruna De Paula (October 2016). "L'Umanità non è morta a Cefalonia: testimonianza di un sergente tedesco" (PDF). Cerimonia commemorativa del 73° anniversario dell’Eccidio della Divisione Acqui a Cefalonia e Corfù, nel settembre del 1943 (Verona - Monumento Nazionale – 23 settembre 2016). pp. 5–7. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  13. ISBN 978-3-11-096905-4
    .
  14. ^ a b c "Birkelbach gestorben". SPD-Politiker wurde 95. Frankfurter Rundschau GmbH. 13 August 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  15. ISBN 978-3-593-38181-7. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help); |work= ignored (help
    )
  16. ^ ?Philipp Kufferath (2013). "Netzwerke als strategische Allianzen und latente Ressource". Etablierungsversuche der linken Opposition im SPD-Milieu nach 1945. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e. V., Bonn. pp. 245–268. Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  17. ISBN 978-3-86872-349-6
    . Retrieved 2 May 2019.
  18. ^
    ISBN 978-3-86284-064-9. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  19. ^ Dr. Anne Hardy (20 July 2015). "Spiros Simitis: "Es geht um Eure Daten!"". Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved 2 May 2019.