William Boyd Dawkins
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Sir William Boyd Dawkins
Background
Dawkins was born in Wales at Buttington Vicarage in Montgomeryshire on 26 December 1837. He attracted attention at age five by collecting fossils from the local colliery spoil heaps. Soon after, his family moved into England to Fleetwood in Lancashire, where he attended Rossall School. He again attracted attention by adding fossils from the local boulder clay to his earlier collection. After leaving school, he attended Jesus College, Oxford.[2] He graduated with a second in Classics and a first in Natural Sciences.
On leaving Oxford University in 1862, he joined the
Dawkins became involved with the Manchester Geological and Mining Society and was its President on three occasions: 1874–75, 1876–77 and 1886–87. He was also President of the
Archaeology
Dawkins achieved many distinctions in the field of archaeology. In 1859 he moved to Somerset to study classics with the vicar of Wookey. On hearing of the discovery of bones by local workmen he led excavations in the area of the hyena den at Wookey Hole Caves. He also excavated Aveline's Hole, expanding its entrance and naming it after his mentor William Talbot Aveline.[5] His work led to the discovery of the first evidence for use by Palaeolithic man in the Caves of the Mendip Hills.
He spent a great deal of time researching in
Kent
In 1882, following from his work with the Geological Survey, Dawkins was appointed as the official surveyor by the Channel Tunnel Committee.[3] He made a geological survey of the English and French coasts along the Dover and Calais areas, however the project was abandoned due to lack of money. He also participated in a scheme for a tunnel under the Humber.
In 1886, the
Philanthropy
Dawkins was a fighter for workers' rights especially in the coal mining industry. He lobbied hard to get a better education system for miners similar to the ones established in Germany. He donated undisclosed amounts of money to this cause.
Among his other donations was one to the Manchester Museum. The museum wanted to build an extension and started an appeal. The appeal raised £1015 2s 9d, of which Dawkins donated £500. Later in life he fought for compensation for people whose homes had been affected by subsidence from the salt mines and workings near Northwich, Cheshire.
On his death in 1929, his widow Lady Boyd Dawkins presented his library of some 400 works to the town of Buxton, Derbyshire. These books, together with other personal items such as a bronze bust, photographs and his Lyell and Prestwich medals, are housed at Buxton Museum and Art Gallery in the Boyd Dawkins Reference Room.
Publications
Dawkins published many books and papers, but the best-known are:
- 1866–1939, 1962: British Pleistocene Mammalia. 6 vols. London: Printed for the Palaeontographical Society (co-author with W. Ayshford Sanford, S. H. Reynolds)[6]
- 1874: Cave Hunting. London: Macmillan[7]
- 1875: "The Mammalia found at Windy Knoll", in: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society; 31, pp. 246–55
- 1877: "The exploration of the ossiferous deposits at Windy Knoll, Castleton, Derbyshire"., in: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Society of London; 33, pp. 724–29 (with R. Pennington)
- 1877: "On the Mammal-fauna of the Caves of Creswell Crags"., in: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society; 33, pp. 589–612
- 1879: "Further discoveries in the Creswell Crags", in: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society; 35, pp. 724–35 (with J. M. Mello)
- 1880: Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period.. London: Macmillan[8]
Footnotes
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (May 2020) |
- ^ "DAWKINS, William Boyd". Who's Who. 59: 456. 1907.
- ^ s:Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Dawkins, William Boyd
- ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 873.
- ^ "APS Members History".
- ISBN 978-0-9500433-6-4.
- ^ Dawkins, W. B.; et al. "British Pleistocene Mammalia". Copac. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
- ^ "Review of Cave Hunting: Researches on the Evidence of Caves respecting the Early Inhabitants of Europe by W. Boyd Dawkins". The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art. 38: 643–644. 14 November 1874.
- ^ "Review of Early Man in Britain and His Place in the Tertiary Period by W. Boyd Dawkins". The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science and Art. 49: 827–829. 26 June 1880.
Sources
- Tweedale, Geoffrey & Procter, Timothy "Catalogue of the Papers of Professor Sir William Boyd Dawkins in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester", in: Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester; vol. 74, no. 2 (1992), pp. 3–36
- Tweedale, Geoffrey & Procter, Timothy (c. 1990) New Documentary Evidence on the Career of Sir William Boyd Dawkins FRS (1837–1929). Manchester: John Rylands Research Institute Scientific Archives Project
- Wood, Kenneth (1987) Rich Seams—the history of the Manchester Geological and Mining Society. Bolton: Manchester Geological and Mining Society ISBN 0-904905-13-6
- Various papers, University of Manchester, John Rylands Library, Deansgate, Manchester
- Various archive papers of the Manchester Geological and Mining Society
External links
- Works by or about William Boyd Dawkins at Wikisource
- Sheffield University – Windy Knoll Data
- William Boyd Dawkins
- The papers of William Boyd Dawkins at John Rylands Library
- Bibliography of caves, fissure and rock shelters in the North Midlands
- "Archival material relating to William Boyd Dawkins". UK National Archives.