William Brill (RAAF officer)
William Lloyd Brill | |
---|---|
Group Captain | |
Unit | 21st Light Horse (1939–40) No. 460 Squadron (1942) No. 463 Squadron (1944) |
Commands held | No. 467 Squadron (1944) No. 10 Squadron (1949–50) Officer Training School (1953–56) RAAF Base Canberra (1959) RAAF Base Townsville (1964) |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Awards | Distinguished Service Order Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar |
Other work | Farmer |
William Lloyd Brill,
Brill's leadership and determination to complete his missions despite damage to his aircraft—on one occasion inflicted by another Lancaster's bombs from above—earned him the
Early life
Brill was born on 17 May 1916 in the
On 11 November 1940, Brill transferred to the RAAF active reserve, known as the Citizen Air Force (CAF).
Air war in Europe
First tour of operations
Raised under the
How can I get back from this when others who are better than I'll ever be, have fallen on such targets? Will I funk if I'm in a tight spot? Will I let the rest of the boys down? Who am I to hold the lives of five other men in my hands?
On the night of 29/30 May 1942, Brill's was one of 27 aircraft detailed to bomb the Gnome et Rhône, Thomson Houston, and Goodrich factories in the Paris suburb of Gennevilliers. The crews were required to have good visibility of the target area before bombing, to ensure accuracy and reduce civilian casualties. Due to foul weather over the Channel, Brill flew at an altitude of less than 200 feet (60 m) until crossing the French coast. The clouds had begun to clear over Paris and searchlights swept the sky, accompanied by heavy anti-aircraft fire. Most of the bombers released their loads from between 4,000 and 8,000 feet (1,200 and 2,400 m), but Brill dropped to 1,500 feet (460 m) before making his attack. With the bomb bay doors open, his Wellington was struck by flak, damaging the hydraulics and rear gun turret, and leaving one of the 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs hanging after the others dropped on target. Returning to England through more bad weather, he spotted an emergency landing ground and brought the crippled Wellington down with the bomb doors still open and one tyre flat; the plane was later scrapped. Brill's was the only one of four Wellingtons from No. 460 Squadron to find the target area and successfully attack.[11][12] For his "splendid courage and determination" in pressing home the assault, he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 26 June,[13][14] the first pilot in his squadron to be decorated.[9][11]
No. 460 Squadron participated in 1,000-bomber raids against Cologne, Essen and Bremen in May and June 1942.[9] Brill was promoted to acting flight lieutenant in July, and completed his first tour of operations, numbering 31 sorties, on 11 August.[15][16] He was seconded to the RAF as an instructor in November 1942, returning to No. 27 Operational Training Unit at Lichfield.[1][16] He spent the next eleven months there, leading a training flight and gaining promotion to acting squadron leader in April 1943.[15][16] In August, he was best man at the wedding of his friend and fellow RAAF pilot, Arthur Doubleday. The press would come to refer to the pair as the "Flying Twins", as their wartime careers closely paralleled one another—both men came from the Riverina district, joined the Air Force together on Remembrance Day 1940, arrived in England in August 1941, flew Wellingtons in No. 460 Squadron, volunteered for second tours in Bomber Command, and received many decorations and promotions in tandem.[16][17] Doubleday would go on to survive the war and become active in civil aviation.[18]
Second tour of operations
Having volunteered for his second tour, Brill underwent conversion to Handley Page Halifax and Avro Lancaster heavy bombers in the last months of 1943.[16] In the new year, he was appointed a flight commander in No. 463 Squadron RAAF, operating Lancasters out of RAF Waddington, Lincolnshire. Waddington was also home to another Australian squadron, No. 467, and Brill took an active part in the station's raucous mess life.[19] His younger brother Vic, who had joined the RAAF in 1941, was in the same squadron.[18] Brill returned to combat in the middle of the Battle of Berlin, flying his first sortie to the "Big City" on 20 January 1944.[20] The statistical likelihood of surviving an operational tour of 30 missions in Bomber Command was never more than 50%, but loss rates during the Battle of Berlin were far higher.[21]
Brill took off for his second mission to Berlin on 27 January. The Lancaster he flew was said to be jinxed, possessed of an engine that lost power in the air but always tested well on the ground, and suffering oxygen failure that killed its rear gunner on the previous sortie. One of the engines did begin to falter before Brill reached Berlin, forcing him to fly lower than normal. Having released his bombs over target, he felt the plane take several strikes that he assumed were anti-aircraft fire but were in fact the incendiaries of a Lancaster flying above. His aircraft's nose, rudder controls, and electricals were all severely damaged, and the port wing was on fire. Having warned his crew to prepare to bail out, Brill dived the Lancaster and succeeded in putting out the flames. The crew was able to remain on board and, after a nine-hour flight, the plane landed back at Waddington. Brill's verdict on the mission was, he wrote later, "not my idea of an evening's entertainment".[20][22] He flew eleven operations during the Battle of Berlin, including Bomber Command's costliest raid of the war, against Nuremberg in March. On that occasion, one of his engines failed and another was damaged when he had to fly through a cloud of debris from a Lancaster that was blown to pieces directly in his path.[20]
By April 1944, No. 463 Squadron had begun to concentrate on targets in France and Belgium as the Allied air campaign shifted focus from strategic bombing to destroying airfields and disrupting lines of communication before the
On the night of 4/5 July, Nos. 463 and 467 Squadrons bombed supply depots for V-weapons near Saint-Leu-d'Esserent. Brill's Lancaster was attacked by three German night fighters, but he was able to evade them with only a few bullets striking his plane.[1][31] His "fine leadership and courage" during the action earned him a bar to his DFC; the award was promulgated in The London Gazette on 16 January 1945.[32][33] Brill completed his second tour of operations later in July but stayed on to fly more missions, often mentoring less experienced crews. By now he had earned a reputation for being quite "mad", as he would often circle back and check over his handiwork after a bombing run, rather than making his escape from the target area as quickly as possible.[34] During non-operational periods, he made a habit of taking a Lancaster on a so-called test flight to the southern border of Northern Ireland, where he and his crew would change into civilian clothes, cross into Ireland and stock up on food and liquor for a party back at Waddington; he always made a point of inviting the Air Officer Commanding RAAF Overseas Headquarters, Air Vice Marshal Henry Wrigley, to such events, which Wrigley attended without fail.[35] Brill handed over command of No. 467 Squadron on 12 October 1944, becoming the first man to survive his time as its leader.[26] He had flown a total of 58 missions in Bomber Command when he returned to Australia in the new year. On 29 January 1945 he married Ilma Kitto, a teacher, at Ganmain's Methodist Church. The couple had been engaged since before the war; they later had two sons and a daughter.[1][36]
Post-war career
Brill remained in the Air Force following the end of hostilities.
Raised to substantive wing commander, Brill served as a director at
Notes
- ^ ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ a b Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 3–6
- ^ "Brill, William Lloyd – Australian Military Forces enlistment form". National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ a b Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 6–7
- ^ Coulthard-Clark, The Third Brother, pp. 225–226
- ^ Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 16–17.
- ^ a b "460 Squadron RAAF". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ Herington, Air War Against Germany and Italy, p. 649 Archived 25 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d RAAF Historical Section, Bomber Units, pp. 118–123
- ^ a b Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 20–24
- ^ a b Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 26–27
- ^ Herington, Air War Against Germany and Italy, pp. 309–310 Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Recommendation: Distinguished Flying Cross". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ "No. 35609". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1942. p. 2818.
- ^ a b c "Group Captain William Lloyd Brill". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 27–30
- ^ "DSO for second "Flying Twin"". Army News. Darwin, Northern Territory: National Library of Australia. 7 August 1944. p. 3. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ a b Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 52–53
- ^ Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 31–32
- ^ a b c Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 33–36
- ^ Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, pp. 95–96
- ^ Herington, Air War Against Germany and Italy, p. 645 Archived 25 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 37–38
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Bomber Units, pp. 130–133
- ^ Herington, Air Power Over Europe, pp. 13–21 Archived 26 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c RAAF Historical Section, Bomber Units, pp. 144–147
- ^ Herington, Air Power Over Europe, p. 38 Archived 26 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Recommendation: Distinguished Service Order". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ "No. 36521". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 May 1944. p. 2289.
- ^ Herington, Air Power Over Europe, pp. 34–35 Archived 26 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Herington, Air Power Over Europe, pp. 180–181
- ^ "Recommendation: Bar to Distinguished Flying Cross". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ "No. 36894". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 January 1945. p. 415.
- ^ Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 38–42
- ^ Brown, Skylarks, p. 70
- ^ Nelson, "From Wagga to Waddington", pp. 4, 16
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Training Units, pp. 152–153
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Maritime Units, pp. 8–16
- ^ "RAAF officer for UK". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 18 March 1952. p. 11. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ "Personal". The Advertiser. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 25 June 1953. p. 2. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Training Units, pp. 161–162
- ^ "RAAF announces new postings". The Argus. Melbourne: National Library of Australia. 30 January 1954. p. 5. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Training Units, p. 194
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Introduction, Bases, Supporting Organisations, pp. 138–140
- ^ a b "Highly decorated RAAF pilot dies at Campbell". The Canberra Times. 13 October 1964. p. 9.
- ^ RAAF Historical Section, Introduction, Bases, Supporting Organisations, pp. 160–163
- ^ "Brill, William Lloyd". World War 2 Nominal Roll. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ACT Planning and Land Authority. Archived from the originalon 19 March 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
References
- Brown, Eric (1998). Skylarks: The Lighter Side of Life in the RAAF in World War II (PDF). Fairbairn, Australian Capital Territory: Air Power Studies Centre. ISBN 0-642-26515-1.
- Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1991). The Third Brother: The Royal Australian Air Force 1921–39. North Sydney: ISBN 0-04-442307-1.
- Herington, John (1954). Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume III – Air War Against Germany and Italy 1939–1943. Canberra: OCLC 3633363.
- Herington, John (1963). Australia in the War of 1939–1945: Series Three (Air) Volume IV – Air Power Over Europe 1944–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3633419.
- ISBN 1-85507-120-7. Archived from the original(PDF) on 18 July 2014.
- RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 1: Introduction, Bases, Supporting Organisations. Canberra: ISBN 0-644-42792-2.
- RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 3: Bomber Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42795-7.
- RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 4: Maritime Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42796-5.
- RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 8: Training Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. ISBN 0-644-42800-7.
- Stephens, Alan (2006) [2001]. The Royal Australian Air Force: A History. London: ISBN 0-19-555541-4.