William Salesbury
William Salesbury also Salusbury (c. 1520 – c. 1584) was the leading Welsh scholar of the Renaissance and the principal translator of the 1567 Welsh New Testament.
Early life
Salesbury was born some time before 1520 (possibly as early as 1507
Career
Brinley Jones describes the remarkable range of Salesbury's writings, "the product of a Renaissance humanist scholar, lexicographer, and translator".
Salesbury also published books in Welsh at the same time. In 1547 he published a collection of 930 Welsh proverbs made by Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564), Oll synnwyr pen Kembero ygyd.
In 1550, he published Ban wedy i dynny air yngair o hen gyfreith Howel da vap Cadell brenhin Kymbry ynghylch chwechant mlynedd aeth heibio wrth yr hwn van y gellir deall bot yr offeiriait y pryd hynny yn priodi gwragedd yn ddichwith ac yn kyttal ac wynt in gyfreithlawn. A certaine case extracte[d] out of the auncient law of Hoel da, kyng of Wales in the yere of oure Lorde, nyne hundred and fourtene passed: whereby it maye gathered that priestes had lawfully married wyues at that tyme. This book, printed by Robert Crowley, was in Welsh and English; as the title indicates, it was an attempt to justify Protestant doctrine in favour of a
As a convinced
The belief of
Salesbury worked with
Salesbury also translated the English Book of Common Prayer into Welsh, which was published in 1567 as Y Llyfr Gweddi Gyffredin. Like the Welsh New Testament, this was published by Humphrey Toy.
Salesbury's last recorded work, Llysieulyfr ('Herbal'), was basically a paraphrase of some of the best-known herbals of the time, particularly Leonhard Fuchs's De historia stirpium. William Turner's A New Herball was another source. Most of the entries follow the same pattern—the name(s) in Latin, English, Welsh, a description, where the herbs are found, when they appear, and what properties they possess.
Death and legacy
It is likely that Salesbury died around 1580; the place of his burial is unknown. Brinley Jones considers him the outstanding example of the Welsh Renaissance scholar, broad in his range and interests, inquisitive and enquiring.[3] Mathias concludes that it would be hard to find anybody who has rendered greater service to the Welsh nation than William Salesbury.[2] His translation of the scriptures into Welsh laid the foundations of modern Welsh prose.
See also
- Welsh Bible
References
- ISBN 978-1-78461-272-6.
- ^ a b c d e "Salesbury, William (1520? - 1584?), scholar and chief translator of the first Welsh New Testament". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Brinley Jones, R. (2004). William Salesbury. Oxford: Oxford dictionary of national biography.
- ^ Johnson, Francis (1937). Astronomical Thought in Renaissance England. Baltimore. pp. 121, 133.
- ^ Evans, J. Gwenogvryn, ed. (1902). Oll Synnwyr pen Kembero ygyd. Bangor.
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- Stephens, Meic, ed. (1998). The new companion to the literature of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1383-3.
- Parry, Thomas (1955). A history of Welsh literature. Translated by H. Idris Bell. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Further reading
- Andrew Breeze, "William Salesbury," The Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 281: British Rhetoricians and Logicians, 1500–1660, Second Series, Detroit: Gale, 2003, pp. 260–273.
- R. Brinley Jones, "Geirfa Rhethreg 1552–1632," Ysgrifau Beirniadol, vol. 9, 1976, 118–146.
- James Pierce, "A Rare Scholar: The Life and Work of William Salesbury." Y Lolfa, 2016.
- Isaac Thomas, "William Salesbury and his Testament", Cardiff : University of Wales Press, 1967 / Isaac Thomas, "William Salesbury a'i Destament", Caerdydd : Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru, 1967.
- W. Alun Mathias, "Llyfr Rhetoreg William Salesbury," Llen Cymru, vol. 1, 1951, pp. 259–268, and vol. 2, 1952, pp. 71–81.