Williamsburg, Virginia
Williamsburg | ||
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FIPS code 51-86160[4] | | |
GNIS feature ID | 1498551[5] | |
Website | williamsburgva |
Williamsburg is an independent city in Virginia, United States. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 15,425.[6] Located on the Virginia Peninsula, Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is bordered by James City County on the west and south and York County on the east.
English settlers founded Williamsburg in 1632 as Middle Plantation, a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers. The city functioned as the capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and became the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution. The College of William & Mary, established in 1693, is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges in the South. Its alumni include three U.S. presidents as well as many other important figures in the nation's early history.
The city's tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg, the city's restored Historic Area. Along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown, Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle, which annually attracts more than four million tourists.[7] Modern Williamsburg is also a college town, inhabited in large part by William & Mary students, faculty and staff.
History
Origins
Before English settlers arrived at
Jamestown, the original capital of Virginia Colony, burned down during the events of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676. Once Governor William Berkeley had regained control, temporary government headquarters were established about 12 miles (19 km) away on the high ground at Middle Plantation, pending the rebuilding of the Statehouse at Jamestown. The members of the House of Burgesses discovered that the "temporary" location was both safer and more pleasant than Jamestown, which was humid and plagued with mosquitoes.
A school of higher education had long been an aspiration of the colonists. An early attempt at
Williamsburg as capital
Four years later, in 1698, the rebuilt Statehouse in Jamestown burned down again, this time accidentally. The government again "temporarily" relocated to Middle Plantation, and in addition to the better climate now also enjoyed use of the college's facilities. The college students made a presentation to the House of Burgesses, and it was agreed in 1699 that the colonial capital would move to Middle Plantation permanently. A village was laid out and Middle Plantation was renamed Williamsburg in honor of King William III of England, befitting the town's newly elevated status.
After Williamsburg's designation as the colony's capital, immediate provision was made for construction of a capitol building and for platting the city according to
Alexander Spotswood, who arrived in Virginia as lieutenant governor in 1710, had several ravines filled and streets leveled, and assisted in erecting additional college buildings, a church, and a magazine for the storage of arms. In 1722, Williamsburg was granted a royal charter as a "city incorporate" (now believed to be the oldest charter in the United States). It was actually a borough.[9]
Middle Plantation was included in James City Shire when it was established in 1634, as the colony reached a total population of approximately 5,000. (James City and Virginia's other shires changed their names a few years later; James City Shire then became known as James City County). The middle ground ridge-line was essentially the dividing line with Charles River Shire, which was renamed York County after King Charles I (r. 1625–1649) fell out of favor with the citizens of England. As Middle Plantation (and later Williamsburg) developed, the boundaries were adjusted slightly. For most of the colonial period, the border between the two counties ran down the center of Duke of Gloucester Street. During this time, and for almost 100 years after the 1776 formation both of the Commonwealth of Virginia and of the United States, despite practical complications, the town remained divided between the two counties.
Williamsburg was the site of the first attempted canal in the United States. In 1771, Lord Dunmore, who was Virginia's last Royal Governor, announced plans to connect Archer's Creek, which leads to the James River, with Queen's Creek, leading to the York River. It would have formed a water route across the Virginia Peninsula, but was not completed. Remains of this canal are visible at the rear of the grounds behind the Governor's Palace in Colonial Williamsburg.[10]
In the 1770s, the first purpose-built psychiatric hospital in the United States, the Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds, was founded in the city. Known in modern times as Eastern State Hospital, it was established by Act of the Virginia colonial legislature on June 4, 1770. The Act to "Make Provision for the Support and Maintenance of Ideots, Lunaticks, and other Persons of unsound Minds" authorized the House of Burgesses to appoint a 15-man Court Of Directors to oversee the hospital's operations and admissions. In 1771, contractor Benjamin Powell constructed a two-story building on Francis Street near the college, capable of housing 24 patients. The design included "yards for patients to walk and take the Air in" as well as provisions for a fence to keep the patients out of the town.
The Gunpowder Incident began in April 1775 as a dispute between Dunmore and Virginia colonists over gunpowder stored in the Williamsburg magazine. Fearing rebellion, Dunmore ordered royal marines to seize gunpowder from the magazine. Virginia militia led by Patrick Henry responded to the "theft" and marched on Williamsburg. A standoff ensued, with Dunmore threatening to destroy the city if attacked by the militia. The dispute was resolved when payment for the powder was arranged. This was an important precursor[citation needed] in the run-up to the American Revolution. Following the Declaration of Independence from Britain, the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776.
On July 25, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was proclaimed at Williamsburg and received with "applause under discharge of cannon and firing of small arms with illuminations [fireworks] in the evening".
During the war, Virginia's capital was moved again, in 1780, this time to Richmond at the urging of then-Governor Thomas Jefferson, who feared Williamsburg's location made it vulnerable to a British attack. Williamsburg remained a venue for many important conventions during the war.
Decline and Civil War
Williamsburg ceased to be the capital of the new Commonwealth of Virginia in 1780 and went into decline, although not to the degree Jamestown had. Another factor was travel: 18th- and early 19th-century transportation in the colony was largely by canals and navigable rivers. As it had been built on "high ground", Williamsburg was not sited on a major water-route, unlike many early U.S. communities. The railroads that began to be built in the 1830s also did not yet come through the city.
Despite Williamsburg's loss of the business activity involved in government, the College of William and Mary continued and expanded, as did the Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds. The latter became known as Eastern State Hospital.
At the outset of the
The Williamsburg area saw combat in the spring of 1862 during the
In early May 1862, after holding off Union troops for over a month, the defenders withdrew quietly from the
At the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, 1862, the defenders succeeded in delaying the Union forces long enough for the retreating Confederates to reach the outer defenses of Richmond.
A siege of Richmond ensued, culminating in the
Late 19th century
In 1881,
The railroad's main purpose was shipping eastbound
Due in no small part to President Ewell's efforts, education continued at the College of William and Mary, although teaching was temporarily suspended for financial reasons from 1882 to 1888. Ewell's efforts to restore the school and its programs during and after
Beginning in the 1890s, C&O land agent Carl M. Bergh, a Norwegian-American who had earlier farmed in the midwestern states, realized that eastern Virginia's gentler climate and depressed post-Civil War land prices would be attractive to his fellow Scandinavians who were farming in other northern parts of the country. He began sending out notices and selling land. Soon there was a substantial concentration of relocated Americans of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish descent in the area. The location earlier known as Vaiden's Siding on the railroad just west of Williamsburg in James City County was renamed Norge. These citizens and their descendants found the local conditions favorable, and many became leading merchants, tradespersons, and farmers in the community. These transplanted Americans brought some new blood and enthusiasm to the old colonial capital area.
Revival
Williamsburg remained a sleepy small town in the early 20th century. Some newer structures were interspersed with colonial-era buildings, but the town was much less progressive than Virginia's other, busier communities of similar size. Some local lore indicates that the residents liked it that way, as described in longtime
But even if such complacency existed, one Episcopal priest dreamed of expanding and changing Williamsburg's future to give it a new major purpose, turning much of it into a massive
Goodwin dreamed of a much larger restoration along the lines of what he had accomplished with his church. Of modest means, he sought support and financing from a number of sources before successfully attracting the interest and major financial support of Standard Oil heir and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr. and his wife Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. Their combined efforts created Colonial Williamsburg, restoring much of downtown Williamsburg and developing a 301-acre (1.22 km2) Historic Area celebrating the patriots and early history of America.
As of 2022[update], Colonial Williamsburg is Virginia's largest tourist attraction by attendance and the cornerstone of the Historic Triangle, with Jamestown and Yorktown joined by the Colonial Parkway. In the 21st century, Williamsburg has continued to update and refine its attractions. There are more features designed to attract modern children and to offer better and additional interpretation of the black American experience in the town. A century after Goodwin's work began, Colonial Williamsburg remains a work in progress.
In addition to Colonial Williamsburg, the city's railroad station was restored to become an intermodal passenger facility. In nearby James City County, the c. 1908 C&O Railway combination passenger and freight station at Norge was preserved and, with a donation from CSX Transportation, relocated in 2006 to a site at the Williamsburg Regional Library's Croaker Branch. Other landmarks outside the historic area include Carter's Grove and Gunston Hall.
In 1932, a
Recent history
The third of three debates between Republican President
The
On May 3, 2007, Britain's
On February 5, 2009, President Barack Obama took his first trip aboard Air Force One to a House Democrats retreat in the city to attend and address their "Issues Conference".[22][23]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 9.1 square miles (23.6 km2), of which 8.9 square miles (23.1 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2) (1.8%) is water.[24]
Williamsburg stands upon a ridge on the Virginia Peninsula between the James and York Rivers. Queen's Creek and College Creek partly encircle the city. James City County is to the west and south and York County to the north and east. As with all cities in Virginia, Williamsburg is legally independent of both counties.
The city is on the
Climate
Williamsburg is in the
Climate data for Williamsburg, Virginia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
83 (28) |
90 (32) |
96 (36) |
98 (37) |
104 (40) |
103 (39) |
104 (40) |
103 (39) |
96 (36) |
85 (29) |
82 (28) |
104 (40) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 49.1 (9.5) |
52.3 (11.3) |
59.8 (15.4) |
70.0 (21.1) |
77.2 (25.1) |
84.4 (29.1) |
88.5 (31.4) |
86.5 (30.3) |
80.5 (26.9) |
71.0 (21.7) |
61.1 (16.2) |
52.6 (11.4) |
69.4 (20.8) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 39.8 (4.3) |
42.2 (5.7) |
49.1 (9.5) |
58.9 (14.9) |
67.1 (19.5) |
74.9 (23.8) |
79.3 (26.3) |
77.6 (25.3) |
71.8 (22.1) |
61.1 (16.2) |
51.0 (10.6) |
43.4 (6.3) |
59.7 (15.4) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 30.6 (−0.8) |
32.0 (0.0) |
38.5 (3.6) |
47.7 (8.7) |
57.0 (13.9) |
65.3 (18.5) |
70.2 (21.2) |
68.7 (20.4) |
63.1 (17.3) |
51.3 (10.7) |
40.9 (4.9) |
34.1 (1.2) |
49.9 (9.9) |
Record low °F (°C) | −7 (−22) |
1 (−17) |
10 (−12) |
22 (−6) |
31 (−1) |
37 (3) |
48 (9) |
44 (7) |
38 (3) |
21 (−6) |
15 (−9) |
0 (−18) |
−7 (−22) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.77 (96) |
3.05 (77) |
4.25 (108) |
3.98 (101) |
3.89 (99) |
4.16 (106) |
5.92 (150) |
5.68 (144) |
5.40 (137) |
4.21 (107) |
3.13 (80) |
3.80 (97) |
51.24 (1,301) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 1.7 (4.3) |
1.6 (4.1) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.7 (1.8) |
4.3 (11) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 10.8 | 10.2 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 124.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.6 |
Source: |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1820 | 1,402 | — | |
1850 | 877 | — | |
1860 | 1,113 | 26.9% | |
1870 | 1,392 | 25.1% | |
1880 | 1,480 | 6.3% | |
1890 | 1,831 | 23.7% | |
1900 | 2,044 | 11.6% | |
1910 | 2,714 | 32.8% | |
1920 | 2,462 | −9.3% | |
1930 | 3,778 | 53.5% | |
1940 | 3,942 | 4.3% | |
1950 | 6,735 | 70.9% | |
1960 | 6,832 | 1.4% | |
1970 | 9,069 | 32.7% | |
1980 | 9,870 | 8.8% | |
1990 | 11,530 | 16.8% | |
2000 | 11,998 | 4.1% | |
2010 | 14,068 | 17.3% | |
2020 | 15,425 | 9.6% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[27] 1790-1960[28] 1900-1990[29] 1990-2000[30] 2010-2020[3] |
During the Revolutionary era, African Americans made up over 50% of Williamsburg's population.[31]
Williamsburg was 78% White and 13% Black at the 2000 census,
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2000[32] | Pop 2010[33] | Pop 2020[3] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
9,352 | 9,952 | 7,370 | 77.95% | 70.74% | 47.78% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
1,593 | 1,918 | 5,648 | 13.28% | 13.63% | 36.62% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
31 | 35 | 20 | 0.26% | 0.25% | 0.13% |
Asian alone (NH) | 546 | 802 | 497 | 4.55% | 5.7% | 3.22% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 6 | 4 | 25 | 0.05% | 0.03% | 0.16% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 15 | 23 | 53 | 0.13% | 0.16% | 0.34% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 153 | 393 | 597 | 1.28% | 2.79% | 3.87% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 302 | 941 | 1,215 | 2.52% | 6.69% | 7.88% |
Total | 11,998 | 14,068 | 15,425 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.
2010 Census
As of the census
There were 3,619 households, out of which 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.2% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.66.
The age distribution was: 9.6% under the age of 18, 46.0% from 18 to 24, 17.7% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,093, and the median income for a family was $52,358. Males had a median income of $28,625 versus $26,840 for females. The
A high proportion of Williamsburg residents derive a significant percentage of their annual income from investments, either in addition to or in lieu of income from work. This is because many retirees relocate to Williamsburg and typically draw income from investments such as 401(k) plans and the like.
Economy
The tourist volume of Colonial Williamsburg has attracted many related businesses to the area. Notable among these was
Williamsburg has an
Arts and culture
As with most of Virginia (the
Tourist sites include
Other sites include the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum,
Government
Federally, Williamsburg is part of Virginia's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Rob Wittman, who was first elected in 2007.
When Williamsburg received its charter in 1722, it had portions in both James City and York County. In 1870, the Virginia General Assembly changed the boundaries so that it was entirely within James City County.
A year later, a new state constitution created the political entity known as an independent city, which is not located in any county. Williamsburg subsequently incorporated as a city in 1884 and separated from James City County,[9] but continues to share several constitutional officers with James City County. The city also operates a joint school division with James City County, under a voluntary agreement that leaders revisit at planned intervals.
As an independent city, Williamsburg has had a
As of 2020[update], Williamsburg's mayor is Douglas Pons, and the vice mayor is W. Pat Dent. Other city council members are Barbara Ramsey, Ted Maslin and Caleb Rogers.[41] The city manager is Andrew O. Trivette.[42]
The city now shares all constitutional officers, courts, and the Williamsburg-James City County Public Schools system (WJCC) with adjacent James City County, and is the county seat.[43] Until 1998, the city had its own Sheriff's Office. It was consolidated with the James City County Sheriff's Office, becoming Williamsburg-James City County Sheriff's Office.[44]
As a college town, Williamsburg's large student population has also resulted in a few conflicts with the city government. For example, in addressing concerns of property values and noise complaints near campus, the council has undertaken initiatives to reduce student off-campus residential presence in the city by instituting a maximum occupancy rule of three unrelated persons for single-family dwellings,[45] as well as a plan to buy rental houses with taxpayer dollars and resell them with the stipulation that the new owners must occupy them.[46] Until July 1, 2007, the voting registrar, David Andrews, had interpreted Virginia law to exclude a high percentage of students, arguing that students should be registered where their parents live. The new voter registrar, Win Sowder, said she is registering students as she would "any other resident of the city. If they're living in the dorms for eight months out of the year, and have an address located within the city limits on a Virginia driver's license, they're entitled to register to vote."[47]
In presidential elections, Williamsburg was a Republican-leaning city for most of the time from the 1950s to the 1980s. Between 1948 and 1988, it supported a Democratic presidential nominee once, during
Democrat
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 1,963 | 28.52% | 4,790 | 69.59% | 130 | 1.89% |
2016 | 1,925 | 25.24% | 5,206 | 68.27% | 495 | 6.49% |
2012 | 2,682 | 34.62% | 4,903 | 63.28% | 163 | 2.10% |
2008 | 2,353 | 34.67% | 4,328 | 63.77% | 106 | 1.56% |
2004 | 2,064 | 47.78% | 2,216 | 51.30% | 40 | 0.93% |
2000 | 1,777 | 47.70% | 1,724 | 46.28% | 224 | 6.01% |
1996 | 1,560 | 43.43% | 1,820 | 50.67% | 212 | 5.90% |
1992 | 1,349 | 36.27% | 1,856 | 49.91% | 514 | 13.82% |
1988 | 1,648 | 50.91% | 1,534 | 47.39% | 55 | 1.70% |
1984 | 1,913 | 56.23% | 1,469 | 43.18% | 20 | 0.59% |
1980 | 1,344 | 45.51% | 1,199 | 40.60% | 410 | 13.88% |
1976 | 1,654 | 51.77% | 1,468 | 45.95% | 73 | 2.28% |
1972 | 1,786 | 57.46% | 1,274 | 40.99% | 48 | 1.54% |
1968 | 1,156 | 46.73% | 991 | 40.06% | 327 | 13.22% |
1964 | 906 | 43.29% | 1,171 | 55.95% | 16 | 0.76% |
1960 | 721 | 59.10% | 486 | 39.84% | 13 | 1.07% |
1956 | 775 | 62.60% | 362 | 29.24% | 101 | 8.16% |
1952 | 797 | 62.12% | 483 | 37.65% | 3 | 0.23% |
1948 | 334 | 39.34% | 312 | 36.75% | 203 | 23.91% |
1944 | 211 | 31.45% | 454 | 67.66% | 6 | 0.89% |
1940 | 168 | 31.05% | 367 | 67.84% | 6 | 1.11% |
1936 | 96 | 19.63% | 389 | 79.55% | 4 | 0.82% |
1932 | 99 | 19.60% | 387 | 76.63% | 19 | 3.76% |
1928 | 98 | 24.02% | 310 | 75.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
1924 | 31 | 13.60% | 196 | 85.96% | 1 | 0.44% |
1920 | 62 | 27.19% | 166 | 72.81% | 0 | 0.00% |
1916 | 21 | 17.80% | 97 | 82.20% | 0 | 0.00% |
1912 | 11 | 7.91% | 113 | 81.29% | 15 | 10.79% |
1908 | 48 | 28.24% | 120 | 70.59% | 2 | 1.18% |
1904 | 37 | 26.06% | 103 | 72.54% | 2 | 1.41% |
1900 | 88 | 34.38% | 161 | 62.89% | 7 | 2.73% |
1896 | 90 | 43.48% | 113 | 54.59% | 4 | 1.93% |
1892 | 120 | 49.38% | 122 | 50.21% | 1 | 0.41% |
1884 | 177 | 60.41% | 116 | 39.59% | 0 | 0.00% |
1880 | 108 | 46.15% | 126 | 53.85% | 0 | 0.00% |
Education
The Williamsburg-James City County Public Schools operates the following schools in Williamsburg: Matthew Whaley School, Berkeley Middle School, James Blair Middle School, Lafayette High School, and Warhill High School.[citation needed]
There are several private schools that also serve the Williamsburg and James City Country area, including Williamsburg Christian Academy, a Christian International Baccalaureate School, Walsingham Academy, a private Catholic school serving pre-kindergarten through 12th grade, Williamsburg Montessori School, and Providence Classical School.
The city has been the home to
Media
Williamsburg is primarily served by two newspapers, The Virginia Gazette and Williamsburg-Yorktown Daily.[50]
The Gazette is a biweekly, published in Williamsburg, and was the first newspaper to be published south of the Potomac River, starting in 1736.[citation needed] Its publisher was William Parks, who had similar ventures in Maryland.[51][52] After his death in 1750, Parks's shop foreman William Hunter restarted the paper in 1751.[53]
The
Williamsburg is served by the
Infrastructure
Transportation
Williamsburg is located adjacent to
The community's public bus system, Williamsburg Area Transit Authority (WATA), has its central hub at the transportation center. A network of disabled-accessible transit bus routes serve the city, James City County, and most portions of York County adjacent to the Williamsburg area, with hourly service seven days a week, and half-hourly service on select routes during peak weekday hours. The routes operated by WATA include a loop around the William & Mary campus while classes are in session. The system also provides paratransit services and operates replica trolley buses at the Yorktown Riverfront attraction.[59] WATA connects with the much larger Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) bus system at Lee Hall in northwestern Newport News and at the Williamsburg Transportation Center.[60]
Walking is a major mode of transportation in Williamsburg, with about a fifth of people walking to work between 2006 and 2010.[61] Walk Score, a website which algorithmically determines how friendly communities are to walkers, describes the city as "very walkable".[62] With few exceptions, motorized traffic is not allowed on Duke of Gloucester Street, which passes through Colonial Williamsburg and the shopping district of Merchant's Square.[63] The city is also increasingly bicycle-friendly, having built 48 miles of bicycle facilities in the area since 1992.[64] Upon completion, the Virginia Capital Trail will provide a paved off-road path to Richmond for bicyclists and pedestrians via the Colonial Parkway.
The primary airport for the Virginia Peninsula is the
Utilities
Waller Mill Reservoir is the main water source for Williamsburg. A 350-acre lake holding 1.5 billion gallons of water, it has been in operation since 1945. The City owns a large percentage of the surrounding watershed. During drought, this source may be supplemented by groundwater from a well at Waller Mill and from raw (untreated) water from Newport News Waterworks under a long-term agreement.[67]
The City provides wastewater services for residents and transports wastewater to the regional Hampton Roads Sanitation District treatment plants.[68]
Notable people
- John Amson, English physician and former alderman and mayor of Williamsburg.
- Brent Ashabranner, Peace Corps administrator and author
- Matt Behncke, former professional soccer player.
- United States Constitution.[69]
- Lemuel J. Bowden, former US Senator.
- Al Clark (born 1948), former professional baseball umpire who worked in 3,392 major league games in his 26-year career[70]
- Richard Coke and Octavius Coke were born in Williamsburg
- Statler Brothers
- Bruce Hornsby, singer and keyboardist.
- Keith Hornsby, NBA G League player, son of Bruce Hornsby
- John Nicholas, former US Congressman.
- Robert C. Nicholas, former New York State Senator.
- Robert Carter Nicholas Sr., judge.
- Wilson Cary Nicholas, former US Senator.
- Edmund Randolph, First Attorney General, Governor of Virginia, Second Secretary of State
- Carolynn Reid-Wallace, academic administrator
- Lawrence Taylor, former New York Giants linebacker.
- Georgia O'Keeffe, iconic American painter
- Canaan Smith, country music artist
- John Tayloe II, owner of Tayloe House.
In Fiction
Williamsburg, Virginia, was the second location of the Magical Congress of the United States of America in
See also
- Colonial Williamsburg
- Hampton Roads
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Williamsburg, Virginia
- Williamsburg Winery
- Wren Building
- Virginia Peninsula
- Tayloe House (Williamsburg, Virginia)
- Williamsburg Charter
References
- ^ "History". City of Williamsburg. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Williamsburg city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Williamsburg city, Williamsburg city, Virginia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- hdl:10919/32742. Archived(PDF) from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
- ^ Morgan 2004, pp. 21–22.
- ^ a b Cities of Virginia Archived August 26, 2017, at the Wayback Machine at Encyclopedia Virginia
- ^ Charles A. Grymes (1998). "Second-Worst Decision of the State of Virginia?". Archived from the original on March 21, 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2007.
- ^ "Wren Building: Oldest academic structure in America". History.org. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ "Williamsburg Was Site Of First Confederate Hospital". Daily Press. May 20, 1998. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ "Timeline: William & Mary 1693-1993". Daily Press. February 7, 1993. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
- ^ "Historical Facts (1850–1899)". The College of William and Mary. Archived from the original on July 4, 2008. Retrieved March 26, 2008.
- ^ "Chesapeake & Ohio Historical Society". Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
- ^ "WPA_Guide: Colonial Williamsburg: The Corporate Town-Before". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
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Further reading
- Bryson, William Hamilton (2000). Virginia Law Books: Essays and Bibliographies, Volume 239. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871692392.
- McCartney, Martha W. (1977). James City County: Keystone of the Commonwealth. Virginia Beach: Donning and Company. ISBN 0-89865-999-X.
- Morgan, Timothy E. (2004). Williamsburg: A City that History Made. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 978-0-738-52473-3.