Wind power in Turkey
The state-owned Electricity Generation Company (EÜAŞ) has about 20% of the market,[2] and there are many private companies.[3] The highest ever daily share of wind power was 25%, in 2022.[4]
Building new wind farms is cheaper than running existing coal plants which depend on imported coal.[5] According to modelling by Carbon Tracker, new wind will be cheaper than all existing coal plants by 2027.[6][7]
History
Some of the earliest windmills were built 400 years ago out of stone.
The first
A wind turbine factory was completed in 2019, also in İzmir.[15]: 57 In 2020 1.6 billion euros were invested in wind power.[16] Hybrid generation became more popular in the early 2020s.[17]
Wind farms
There are about 300
Aliağa Wind Farm
Aliağa Wind Farm is an onshore wind power plant in Aliağa district of İzmir Province in western Turkey.
The wind farm consists of four fields operated by different companies. A total of 83Bahçe Wind Farm
Çanta Wind Farm
Dağpazarı Wind Farm
Mut Wind Farm
Şamlı Wind Farm
Şamlı Wind Farm is an onshore wind power plant in Şamlı in Balıkesir Province in western Turkey.
The wind farm consists of three fields operated by different companies. A total of 91Soma Wind Farm
Planned and under construction
In 2022 contracts for 20 wind farms totalling 850 MW were auctioned at prices from 408 lira (USD 24/EUR 22) to 778 lira per MWh.[37] However the government target of 20 GW by 2023 was not met.[22] The government published a long-term National Energy Plan in 2023 which targets almost 30 GW by 2035.[38][39]
Onshore wind potential
The
A
Offshore wind potential
Technical potential is 12 GW fixed and 63 GW
Areas off the coasts of Bandırma, Karabiga, Bozcaada and Gelibolu are being considered for Renewable Energy Resource Areas (YEKA).[1] In 2023 Shura Energy Center made several recommendations for tendering.[1]
Environmental impact
Wind farms are prohibited on globally important
As the wind farms are relatively new and are assumed to operate for 25 years, their lifecycle environmental impact, such as what percentage of various metals will be recycled, is not yet known exactly.[55] However, as their electricity is substituting that of coal and gas-fired power stations, it is certain that they are an overall good for the environment by helping to limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by Turkey.[56] Lifecycle GHG emissions have been estimated at 15 g CO2eq/kWh (whereas fossil fuel power emits hundreds of g CO2 eq./kWh).[57]
Economics
The Turkish Wind Energy Association said in 2021 that over 20 thousand people were directly employed by the sector.
Feed-in tariff
From 2005, there was a feed-in tariff in Turkish lira which met with poor market uptake.[22] After being denominated in dollars from 2011 to 2020, the tariff reverted to lira with new rules.[22] The feed-in tariff applies for 10 years.[22] There are extra payments for domestic content.[16]
Auctions
The German-Turkish consortium of
In 2019, the second 1 GW tender was won for four equal capacity projects in Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Aydın and Muğla, which are all provinces on the west coast.[61] The same year the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development invested US$100 million in wind and solar power in Turkey.[62] As of 2020[update] auction prices were around US$40 per MWh.[63] Think tank Ember say that energy policy should be changed to auction for far more solar and wind power.[59]
Since April 2022 low-cost generators such as wind have had their wholesale prices capped (this does not affect unlicensed and FiT): this can be considered a type of
Merchant projects have won licences with negative bids (meaning the companies pay the government for licences) and are expected to come online in the mid-2020s.[64]
Manufacturing
Nacelles are manufactured locally by Siemens,[65] but most wind turbines are imported.[22] Over half of the supply chain is local, from about 80 companies.[16] It has been estimated that there is potential for about 240 million tons of green hydrogen to be produced by electrolysis of water by wind power.[66]
See also
External links
References
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