Wittenberg

Coordinates: 51°52′02″N 12°38′54″E / 51.8671°N 12.6484°E / 51.8671; 12.6484
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Wittenberge or Wittenburg.
For other uses, see Wittenberg (disambiguation).

Wittenberg
Lutherstadt Wittenberg
Town
From top: Skyline of Wittenberg,
Wittenberg old town with view to the
Leucorea university
, former monastery church of the Franciscans – Historic Town Information Center, the Stadthaus
Coat of arms of Wittenberg
Coat of arms
Location of Wittenberg within Wittenberg district
BrandenburgSaxonyDessau-RoßlauAnhalt-BitterfeldAnnaburgBad SchmiedebergCoswigGräfenhainichenJessenKembergOranienbaum-WörlitzWittenbergZahna-ElsterZahna-Elster
Wittenberg is located in Germany
Wittenberg
Wittenberg
Wittenberg is located in Saxony-Anhalt
Wittenberg
Wittenberg
Coordinates: 51°52′02″N 12°38′54″E / 51.8671°N 12.6484°E / 51.8671; 12.6484
CountryGermany
StateSaxony-Anhalt
DistrictWittenberg
Government
 • Mayor (2022–29) Torsten Zugehör[1] (Ind.)
Area
 • Total240.32 km2 (92.79 sq mi)
Elevation
67 m (220 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[2]
 • Total45,535
 • Density190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
06886
Dialling codes03491
Vehicle registrationWB
Websitewittenberg.de

Wittenberg (

River Elbe, 60 kilometers (37 mi) north of Leipzig and 90 kilometers (56 mi) south-west of Berlin
, and has a population of 46,008 (2018).

Wittenberg is famous for its close connection with

Elector of Saxony, a dignity held by the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, making it one of the most powerful cities in the Holy Roman Empire
.

Today Wittenberg is an industrial centre and popular tourist destination, best known for its intact historic centre and various memorial sites dedicated to Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon. The buildings associated with those two figures were added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1996, along with other sites in Eisleben, because of their religious significance and testimony to one of the most influential movements of medieval Europe.[5]

History

Historical affiliations

Duchy of Saxony 1180–1296
Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg 1296–1356
 Electorate of Saxony 1356–1806
Kingdom of Saxony 1806–1815
 Kingdom of Prussia 1815–1871
 German Empire 1871–1918
 Weimar Republic 1918–1933
 Nazi Germany 1933–1945

Soviet occupation zone
1945–1949
 East Germany 1949–1990
 Germany 1990–present

Wittenberg, 1536
University of Wittenberg in 1644


Wittenberg
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Market square with Stadtkirche Wittenberg
Part ofLuther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg
IncludesLutherhaus, Melanchthonhaus, Stadtkirche Wittenberg and All Saints' Church, Wittenberg
CriteriaCultural: iv, vi
Reference783
Inscription1996 (20th Session)

Historical documents first mention the settlement in 1180 as a small village founded by Flemish colonists under the rule of the House of Ascania. In 1260 this village became the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, and in 1293 the settlement was granted its town charter as a free-standing town.

Wittenberg developed into an important trade centre during the following few centuries because of its central location. When the local branch of the Ascanians died out in 1422, control of Saxe-Wittenberg passed to the

Elbe River
was built between 1487 and 1490 and the castle church (the Schlosskirche in German) was erected between 1496 and 1506. The Elector's palace was rebuilt at the same time.

In 1502 Elector Frederick founded the

Philipp Melanchthon
—a professor of Greek starting in 1518.

On 31 October 1517, according to legend, Luther nailed his

Anabaptist movement had one of its earliest homes in Wittenberg, when the Zwickau prophets moved there in late 1521, only to be suppressed by Luther when he returned from the Wartburg
in spring of 1522.

The Capitulation of Wittenberg (1547) is the name given to the treaty by which John Frederick the Magnanimous was compelled to resign the electoral dignity and most of his territory to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.

In 1760, during the

Napoleon commanded the refortification of the town in 1813. In 1814 the Prussian Army under Tauentzien stormed Wittenberg; he received the title of "von Wittenberg" as a reward. In 1815 Wittenberg became part of Prussia, administered within the Province of Saxony. Wittenberg continued to be a fortress of the third class until the reorganisation of German defences after the foundation of the new German Empire
led to its dismantling in 1873.

It contained a prisoner of war camp from 1914 to 1918. A camp 10½ acres in area was set up at Klein Wittenberg, 2 miles from the city. Eight compounds held 13,000 men. During the typhus epidemic of 1914–1915, conditions were harsh. The camp medical officer, Dr. Aschenbach, was awarded the Iron Cross for his part in the epidemic. The award was questioned by the Allies. The use of dogs to attack POW's was criticised by American Ambassador James W. Gerard in his book "Four Years in Germany".

Unlike many other historic German cities during World War II, Wittenberg's town centre was spared destruction during the conflict. The Allies agreed not to bomb Wittenberg, though fighting took place in the town, with bullet pock-marks visible on the statues of Luther and Melanchthon in the market square – or so the popular version of the town's history goes. In actual fact the Luther statue was not even present in the town square during much of the war but in storage at Luther Brunnen, a roadhouse a few kilometres north of the town.

Wittenberg's reputation as a town protected from Allied bombing is largely accurate. However, just outside Wittenberg the government had built the

Jews, Russians, Poles, political prisoners and even a few Americans—all prisoners engaging in forced labour, including POW's who were supposed to be exempt from this sort of labor. American and British planes bombed the factory near the end of the war, and in destroying it killed over one thousand of the prisoners and POW's placed by the Germans in this war plant. The 1995 publication of "...und morgen war Krieg!" by Renate Gruber-Lieblich[6]
attempts to document this tragic bombing outside Wittenberg.

In 1945, Wittenberg issued 19 of its own postage stamps, each depicting Hitler but with a large black round overprint covering his face. At the end of the war,

peaceful revolution
in 1989, the communist régime dissolved and the town has been governed democratically since 1990.

Wittenberg is currently characterized by renovation and new construction work, an economic recovery and tourism development as a "place of pilgrimage for the Reformation". With the Luther Decade starting in 2008, the city began preparing for the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, which took place in 2017. Numerous buildings have been restored, the infrastructure has been partially renewed and numerous new attractions have been created in the city (e.g. the new Lutherstadt Wittenberg Hauptbahnhof, Arsenal shopping centre, Luthergarden or the Panometer) .

In 2014 Lutherstadt Wittenberg was awarded the honorary title

Community of Protestant Churches in Europe
.

Historical population

The figures are given for the metropolitan district at the point in time. Up to 1791 the figures are generally estimated, later figures are from census or local authorities.

Historical population 1800 to 2015
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1500 2,000—    
1532 4,500+2.57%
1791 4,860+0.03%
1792 4,703−3.23%
1793 4,662−0.87%
1794 4,617−0.97%
1814 4,727+0.12%
1826 6,725+2.98%
1834 8,107+2.36%
1846 10,283+2.00%
1875 12,479+0.67%
1880 13,448+1.51%
1885 13,836+0.57%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1890 14,443+0.86%
1895 16,479+2.67%
1900 18,345+2.17%
1905 20,331+2.08%
1910 22,419+1.97%
1925 24,160+0.50%
1939 35,130+2.71%
1946 41,304+2.34%
1950 49,852+4.81%
1964 46,828−0.45%
1971 47,323+0.15%
1981 53,874+1.30%
1989 51,754−0.50%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 49,682−4.00%
1992 55,096+5.31%
1995 53,207−1.16%
2000 49,643−1.38%
2005 47,805−0.75%
2006 46,776−2.15%
2007 45,615−2.48%
2008 47,695+4.56%
2009 50,113+5.07%
2010 49,496−1.23%
2011 49,076−0.85%
2012 46,930−4.37%
2013 46,729−0.43%

Source: 2012 census.

Divisions

The town Wittenberg consists of Wittenberg proper and the following Ortschaften or municipal divisions:[7]

Climate

Climate data for Wittenberg (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		5.0
(41.0) 		9.3
(48.7) 		15.2
(59.4) 		19.8
(67.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		25.1
(77.2) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.1
(57.4) 		7.9
(46.2) 		4.3
(39.7) 		14.4
(57.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 0.8
(33.4) 		1.7
(35.1) 		4.9
(40.8) 		9.8
(49.6) 		14.3
(57.7) 		17.5
(63.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		14.7
(58.5) 		9.7
(49.5) 		4.9
(40.8) 		1.8
(35.2) 		9.9
(49.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		1.0
(33.8) 		4.5
(40.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.9
(53.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		5.9
(42.6) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 50.1
(1.97) 		33.8
(1.33) 		40.3
(1.59) 		29.8
(1.17) 		48.2
(1.90) 		55.1
(2.17) 		69.2
(2.72) 		56.0
(2.20) 		48.0
(1.89) 		40.7
(1.60) 		45.0
(1.77) 		46.4
(1.83) 		565.3
(22.26)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16.9 13.9 14.8 11.0 12.5 12.1 13.8 12.7 11.5 14.1 15.0 16.7 164.8
Average snowy days 9.3 7.7 2.6 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.3 5.8 27
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		85.8 81.3 75.9 66.8 66.5 66.6 66.7 67.2 74.9 82.1 87.8 87.6 75.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 58.1 78.6 123.8 187.5 222.7 223.2 228.4 218.5 164.5 116.3 58.7 47.0 1,718.7
Source: World Meteorological Organization[8]

Sights and culture

Lutherstadt Wittenberg has a wide range of cultural sites. Most are located within the historic old town along the Wittenberg Culture Mile.

Lutherhaus, Wittenberg
Cranachhof, one of many courtyards in Wittenberg

Wittenberg is home to numerous historical sites, as well as portraits and other paintings by

Hans Vischer
), and portraits of the reformers by Lucas Cranach the Younger, who is also buried in the church.

St. Mary's Church, the parish church in which Luther often preached, was built in the 14th century, but has been much altered since Luther's time. It contains a painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder, representing the

Hermann Vischer the Elder
(1457). In addition, there are numerous historic paintings in the church.

The ancient electoral palace is another of the buildings that suffered severely in 1760; it now contains archives.

Martin Luther's home, the

Lutherhaus, where he studied and lived both before and after the Reformation, is now a museum containing many artifacts from his life. Melanchthon's house and the house of Lucas Cranach the Elder, mayor of Wittenberg, can also be found here. Statues of Luther (by Schadow), Melanchthon and Bugenhagen embellish the town. The spot outside the Elster Gate where Luther publicly burned the papal bull
in 1520 is marked by an oak tree.

The original

Wittenberg University
quadrangle also lies in the city centre.

Buildings

Churches

Schlosskirche

One of the town's main attractions is the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), most notably associated with the publication of

95 Theses, a bold attack on the Roman Catholic Church's practice of indulgences. The castle church was remodelled between 1883 and 1892. According to the intentions of the builders, the world-historical significance of the castle church was to be expressed. In the spirit of the historicism
period, the statement was related to the precursors and bearers of the Reformation, thus creating a Reformation memorial. On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the posting of the theses in 2017, the church was extensively renovated.

Stadtkirche Wittenberg

St. Mary's Town Church and Parish Church is the mother church of the Reformation. The first Protestant service was held in it in 1521 by

Kurkreis. After the Congress of Vienna it became the official residence of the Wittenberg superintendents. The artistic decoration is well preserved and includes works by Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger
. Epitaphs on the interior and exterior walls refer to the work of many important personalities. The cemetery chapel of the Holy Corpse stands to the south of the town church and once belonged to the walled cemetery area of the church.

Unbefleckte Empfängnis Catholic Church

The church on Mauerstraße was

consecrated in 1872 by Bishop Konrad Martin
. It was renovated in 1999/2000.

Christ Church

Christ Church was built as another church in 1907/1908 in the suburb of Kleinwittenberg in historicist forms.

Other buildings

Lutherhaus
Augusteum and Luther House

The representative showcase building Augusteum was once an extension of the University of Wittenberg "Leucorea". In the inner courtyard of the Augusteum is the former home of Martin Luther. Today, the building houses the Reformation History Museum with its collections of pictures, writings and contemporary exhibits from the Reformation era. During the renovation of the Luther House, its medieval charm was partially lost.

Melanchthon House

The architectural style of the Melanchthon House in Collegienstraße, which expresses the self-confident modernity of the Renaissance, is an architectural sight. In this house lived and died the reformer Philipp Melanchthon lived and died in this house. It houses an exhibition. In 2013, the house received an extension according to plans by the architects Dietsch & Weber from Halle made of grey brick.[9]

University Leucorea Wittenberg

Founded in 1502, the University of Leucorea in Collegienstraße was and is not only a teaching institution. For example, the famous personalities of the

Philipp Melanchthon spent time here. Over the history of the university, which is rich in tradition, developments took place that had an impact not only on Germany
but also on large parts of the world.

Hamlethaus

The Hamlethaus in Collegienstraße blends into the ensemble of the town.[clarification needed]

Bugenhagenhaus

The Bugenhagen House next to the town church is the oldest Protestant vicarage in the world and is one of the most significant memorials to the Reformation. Until 1997, it was the residence and place of work of the Wittenberg superintendents without interruption since the Reformation. Johannes Bugenhagen was the first pastor to live here until his death in 1558. Between 2004 and 2007, the building was thoroughly renovated and now serves as a spiritual community and meeting centre.

Stadthaus

The Stadthaus is a modern building complex on Arsenalplatz that includes several historic buildings. Their origins date back to the 13th century. The town house contains significant remains of the medieval building fabric of the former

Ascanians. As early as 1536, the building was converted into a granary by Conrad Theiß and heavily remodelled by adding several levels. The medieval windows were closed and pouring openings were installed. During the Seven Years' War, the building was severely damaged and rebuilt with a lower building height. Several building activities in the following period have greatly changed the appearance of the building. At the end of the 19th century, for example, one storey was added and large window openings were broken in on the south side. Between 1945 and 1992, Arsenal Square with the town house was occupied by the Red Army and therefore inaccessible. On the site of the former Franciscan monastery, the city's Central Visitors' Reception was opened in 2014/2015. It includes the event centre Stadthaus, the Historical City Information, the Council Archive and the Tourist and City Information Centre.[10]

Altes Rathaus and Marktplatz

In the centre of the old town is the generously proportioned market square, where a harmonious ensemble of town houses has grown up over the centuries. On it are the Renaissance town hall, the monuments to Martin Luther (designed by Schadow) and Philipp Melanchthon (by Drake), as well as the Marktbrunnen. Since the town administration has been located in the former Tauentzien barracks in Lutherstraße beginning in 2000 (New Town Hall), the town hall on the market square has been called the Old Town Hall and has since served more representative purposes.

Cranach-Höfe

The Cranach Courts attest to the work of Lucas Cranach the Elder, Lucas Cranach the Younger, Hans Cranach, Augustin Cranach, and Lucas Cranach III in Wittenberg. The building at Markt 4 and the pharmacy with the courtyard at Schlossstraße 1 show points of contact with Lucas Cranach and his descendants.

Lucas Cranach the Elder set up his own print shop in the once-famous printing town of Wittenberg. Among other things, the

95 Theses, the first part of the Luther Bible, Luther's Table Talks, and numerous woodcuts were printed here. After the reconstruction of the Cranach courtyards, a historic print shop was re-established in Schlossstrasse, where texts (e.g. Luther's table speeches) and illustrations (in linocut) are now produced as privately printed matter using the letterpress process. The historical Gutenberg press in the Cranachhof
at Markt 4 demonstrates how printing was done in the Middle Ages.

Wittenberg Castle

Wittenberg Castle is the former residence of the

First World War
, the castle has served civilian purposes.

Museums

  • Cranach-Höfe, Markt 4 (changing exhibitions)
  • Altes Rathaus (changing exhibitions)
  • Christian Art Foundation Wittenberg with a permanent exhibition and changing special exhibitions in Wittenberg Castle (access via visitor centre)
  • Haus der Geschichte (20th century housing culture and in particular that of the former GDR), Schlossstraße 6
  • Museum of Municipal Collections in the Zeughaus (city history; Julius Riemer collection: natural history, ethnology), Arsenalplatz
  • Science Center futurea, Markt 25
  • Historical City Information and burial place of the
    Ascanians
    in the monastery church, Arsenalplatz

Other sights

  • Luthereiche at the southern end of Lutherstraße, where Martin Luther burned the Bull of Banishment of the Pope in 1520, thus completing his separation from the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Röhrwasser, historical water supply system.[11] In the 16th century, the steady growth of the population of the town of Wittenberg made a supply of fresh and clear water increasingly necessary. The existing wells and streams were no longer sufficient, as they were increasingly polluted with rubbish. The tubewater changed all that. With the tube water connection, fresh spring water was available to the citizens day and night, summer and winter. It was not until 1883 that the tubewater lost its importance due to the central water supply. Today, the Wittenberg tube water system with its 20 or so existing wells is the only functioning tube water supply system from the Middle Ages north of the Alps and thus a technical monument. Since 2002, parts of the streams flowing through the town have been opened up.[12]
  • Ratsarchiv Wittenberg, Juristentrasse 16.
  • Kirchliches Forschungsheim, Friedrichstrasse 1a.
  • Luthergarten, park with 270 trees from all over the world near the castle on Kurfürstenring (formerly Hallesche Straße).
  • Panoramic circular image Luther 1517 by Yadegar Asisi, Wilhelm-Weber-Straße near the Lutherhaus[13]
  • Tierpark Wittenberg (Zoological Garden), Juristenstraße.
  • Alaris Butterfly Park, Rothemarkstraße.
  • K-Building (Kommandantengebäude), to house the planned study collection of the municipal collections, with attached lecture and conference centre, Juristenstrasse 14[14][15][16][17]

Coat of arms

Wittenberg's oldest coat of arms

Wittenberg's civic

town rights
by Duke Albert II. There then arose a mediaeval town whose highest governing body was its council. This council, known to have existed as early as 1317, was given the job of administering the town in its care through law and legislation, and of handling the town's revenue. For documentation, the administration used its own seal. One version of what is believed to be the town's oldest town seal, which the council used, and which dated from the first half of the 14th century, set the pattern with its elements for various civic coats of arms down to the present day.

The coat of arms symbolizes, with its crenelated wall and the towers within and each side, a town that was already strongly fortified by 1409. The two shields in the centre form the coat of arms of the Electorate of Saxony with the Saxon arms on the right, whose gold and black stripes recall the Ascanian rulers' house colours with the Rautenkranz or

rue wreath"; see the Saxony
article for more) across them symbolizing the town's founder Duke Albrecht II since 1262, when it appeared in his arms. The shield on the left is the Wittenberg district's arms. In 1356, Emperor
Wettins
after the Ascanians died out. The flowing water at the foot of the shield symbolizes Wittenberg's location on the River Elbe. The fish is a salmon, which as once abundant in the Elbe. The fishermen, like all professions in town, got their own order in 1422, and the fish found its way onto their coat of arms.

Economy and infrastructure

The town is an important centre of

web search engine Ecosia
. Tourism plays a major role. Wittenberg is one of the top destinations in Saxony-Anhalt.

Lutherstadt Wittenberg station is the main railway station. It connects Wittenberg hourly with Berlin to the north and Leipzig and Halle (Saale)
to the south. The station was rebuilt to be more environmentally friendly and re-opened in December 2016.

Theatre, culture and education

Leucorea

Wittenberg has a long tradition of cultural events. The Central German State Theatre (Mitteldeutsches Landestheater) reached great importance in GDR times. Since 1996, the town has staged open-air theatre shows based on the Lutheran history still alive in many historical places of the ancient town. As highlights, in 2001 and 2005, Fernando Scarpa became the artistic director of the "Bühne Wittenberg" (Stage Wittenberg), a project for theatre, art and culture in the whole of Germany which attracts many visitors to the town and whose success is known European-wide. On 2002 and 2003 Stefano Vagnini, Italian composer and organist created the music for Thesys and Luther Stories. Prince Hamlet is said to have studied in Wittenberg and it was the supposed home of Dr. Faustus.

Wittenberg is the seat of the Leucorea which is part of the

Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
, the largest university in Saxony-Anhalt.

Personalities from the 19th to the 21st century

Not only the men of the Reformation era

Saxony-Wittenberg
, the city was shaped by what was probably the most important university in Central Europe at the end of the Middle Ages. It was the place of work for many personalities, who at the same time exerted influence on the city. Today, the names and dates of many personalities are recorded on memorial plaques on the houses in the old town.

1801–1850

  • Johann Friedrich von Brandt (* 1802 in Jüterbog; † 1879 in Merreküll), medical doctor and naturalist
  • Friedrich Drake (* 1805 in Pyrmont; † 1882 in Berlin), sculptor
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl
    (* 1806 in Großvargula; † 1876 in Leipzig), philologist.
  • Johann Hinrich Wichern (* 1808 in Hamburg; † 1881 in Hamburg), theologian
  • Johann Gottfried Galle (* 1812 in Pabsthaus; † 1910 in Potsdam), astronomer
  • Werner von Siemens (* 1816 in Lenthe; † 1892 Berlin), industrialist, founder of electrical engineering
  • Karl Wilhelm Nitzsch (* 1818 in Zerbst; † 1880 in Berlin), historian
  • Adalbert Falk (* 1827 in Metschkau; † 1900 in Hamm), Prussian minister of culture, honorary citizen of Wittenberg

1851–1900

  • Karl Lamprecht (* 1856 in Jessen; † 1915 in Leipzig), historian
  • Nathan Söderblom (* 1866 in Trönö; † 1931 in Uppsala), theologian, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, honorary citizen of Wittenberg
  • Otto Kleinschmidt (* 1870 in Geinsheim 1870; † 1954 in Wittenberg), natural scientist.
  • Otto Dibelius
    (* 1880 in Berlin; † 1967 in Berlin), theologian
  • Julius Riemer (* 1880 in Berlin; 1958 in Wittenberg), museum founder
  • Else Hertzer (*1884 in Wittenberg; † 1978 in Berlin), expressionist painter
  • Babyn Yar
  • Hermann Oberth (* 1894 in Hermannstadt; † 1989 in Nuremberg), nuclear physicist

1901–1945

After 1945

  • Reiner Haseloff (* 1954 in Bülzig), politician (CDU), Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt since 2011.
  • Frank Wartenberg (* 1955 in Prenzlau), track and field athlete
  • Christiane Wartenberg (* 1956 in Prenzlau), track and field athlete
  • Peter Fitzek (* 1965 in Halle an der Saale), activist of the Reich citizenship movement, founder of the fantasy state Kingdom of Germany
  • Fernando Scarpa (* 1968 in Milan), Italian film director
  • Nils Seethaler (* 1981 in Berlin), provenance researcher and museum initiator

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Wittenberg is twinned with:[18]

Gallery

  • Wittenberg old town
    Wittenberg old town
  • View to All Saints' Church
    View to All Saints' Church
  • Replica of the Ninety-five Theses in the All Saints' Church
    Replica of the Ninety-five Theses in the All Saints' Church
  • Stadtkirche
    Stadtkirche
  • Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
    Melanchthonhaus (Wittenberg)
  • The Augusteum and Lutherhaus
    The
    Augusteum and Lutherhaus
  • Town hall
    Town hall
  • Hundertwasserschule, School by Friedensreich Hundertwasser
    Hundertwasserschule, School by Friedensreich Hundertwasser
  • Werksiedlung Wittenberg
    Werksiedlung Wittenberg
  • The Arsenal shopping centre, opened 2012
    The Arsenal shopping centre, opened 2012
  • Font by Hermann Vischer the Elder, St Mary's Church, Wittenberg
    Font by Hermann Vischer the Elder, St Mary's Church, Wittenberg
  • Philipp Melanchthon in the market square
    Philipp Melanchthon
    in the market square
  • Market square, with ancient town hall, statue of Martin Luther and Stadtkirche
    Market square, with ancient town hall, statue of Martin Luther and Stadtkirche
  • Hamlethaus at Wittenberg old town
    Hamlethaus at Wittenberg old town
  • Maarten Luther Statue
    Maarten Luther Statue
  • Town hall
    Town hall
  • Facade images, town hall
    Facade images, town hall
  • Futurea Science Center museum at market
    Futurea Science Center museum at market
  • Kropstädt Castle
    Kropstädt Castle
  • Nudersdorf Castle
    Nudersdorf Castle

Notes

  1. ^ Low German wit and witt meaning "white", Standard German Berg meaning "mountain"; Standard German equivalent Weißenberg

References

  1. Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt
    , accessed 9 July 2022.
  2. Statistisches Landesamt Sachsen-Anhalt
    . June 2023.
  3. ^ "Lutherstadt Wittenberg - the Cradle of the Reformation - Discover Germany". 18 June 2020.
  4. ^ "Wittenberg, Cradle of Protestantism, 500 Years Down the Line". 24 December 2002.
  5. ^ "Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  6. ^ Gruber-Lieblich, Renate (1995). "... und morgen war Krieg!": Arado Flugzeugwerke7 GmbH Wittenberg 1936–1945 ; ein KZ-Lager entsteht (in German). R. Gruber-Lieblich.
    ISBN 9783866343122
    . Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  7. ^ Hauptsatzung der Lutherstadt Wittenberg, § 17, 16 December 2020.
  8. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  9. ^ Susanne Kippenberger: Alte Meister, neue Geister. in: Der Tagesspiegel, Sunday supplement, 23 January 2022, p. S8.
  10. ^ "Central Visitor Reception ... ... am Arsenalplatz" [Central visitor reception ... ... at Arsenalplatz]. wittenberg.de (in German). Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  11. OCLC 258696929
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  12. ^ Historic streams in the old town. In: wittenberg.de, retrieved 3 August 2016 (planning and construction history of the opening).
  13. ^ Wittenberg 360°. In: wittenberg360.de, retrieved 25 May 2021.
  14. ^ Irina Steinmann: Museum in the K-Building? Just not a mere warehouse! In: mz-web.de, 19 January 2018, retrieved 22 September 2019 (start of article freely available).
  15. ^ Irina Steinmann: Immobilien in Wittenberg. City plans further castles. In: mz-web.de, 7 September 2016, retrieved 30 October 2019 (start of article freely available).
  16. ^ Marcel Duclaud: K-Gebäude in Wittenberg. Council gives green light for conversion to refugee accommodation. In: mz-web.de, 29 October 2015, retrieved 30 October 2019 (start of article freely available).
  17. ^ Irina Steinmann: Local politics in Wittenberg. The winter break is over. In: mz-web.de, 11 January 2018, retrieved 30 October 2019 (start of article available free).
  18. ^ "Partnerstädte". wittenberg.de (in German). Wittenberg. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2021.

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wittenberg.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Wittenberg.
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