Wizards of the Coast
Parent Hasbro (1999–present) | | |
Subsidiaries | See § Studios | |
---|---|---|
Website | wizards |
Wizards of the Coast LLC (WotC (/ˈwɒtˌsiː/) or Wizards) is an American publisher of games, most of which are based on fantasy and science-fiction themes, and formerly an operator of games retail stores. In 1999, toy manufacturer Hasbro acquired the company and currently operates it as a subsidiary.[1][2][3] During a February 2021 reorganization of Hasbro, WotC became the lead part of a new division called "Wizards & Digital".[4][5]
WotC was originally a
The company publishes RPGs,
.History
Wizards of the Coast (WotC) was founded by Peter Adkison in 1990 outside Seattle, Washington,[9] and its current headquarters is located in nearby Renton.[10] The company was named after a guild of wizards in a role-playing game (RPG) Adkison was playing.[8] The company published RPGs such as the third edition of Talislanta and its own product The Primal Order (1992).[9] The Primal Order was a supplement designed for use with any game system,[11] but Palladium Books sued WotC for using references to Palladium's game and system.[12] The suit was settled in 1993.[13]
In 1991, Richard Garfield approached WotC with the idea for a new board game called RoboRally but Adkison rejected it because the game would have been too expensive to produce.[14] Adkison asked Garfield if he could invent a game that was portable and quick-playing, and Garfield agreed.[14][15]
Adkison set up a new corporation called Garfield Games to develop Garfield's
In 1994, WotC began an association with The Beanstalk Group, a brand-licensing agency and consultancy, to license the brand Magic: The Gathering.
Acquisition of TSR and Pokémon Trading Card Game
Wizards of the Coast announced the purchase of
In mid 1997, WotC revisited the concept of a third edition of Dungeons & Dragons, having first discussed it soon after the purchase of TSR.[28][29] WotC released the third edition of Dungeons & Dragons in 2000 with the d20 System.[29][30] The company released these properties under the Open Game License, which allows other companies to make use of those systems.[13]
The new edition of Dungeons & Dragons won multiple Origins Awards in 2000, such as Best Roleplaying Game for Dungeons & Dragons and Best Graphic Presentation of a Roleplaying Game, Adventure, or Supplement for the Monster Manual.[31] In 2002, WotC sponsored a design contest for which designers could submit proposals to produce a new campaign world to the company. WotC selected "Eberron", which game designer Keith Baker submitted, and its first campaign book was released in June 2004.[9] The Eberron Campaign Setting won the 2004 Origins Award for Best Role-Playing Supplement.[32] In 2003, WotC released version 3.5 of Dungeons & Dragons and the d20 system.[13] The 30th anniversary of the D&D game was celebrated at Gen Con Indy 2004.[33]
Pokémon TCG
On August 2, 1997, Wizards of the Coast was granted U.S. patent 5,662,332 on collectible card games.[13] In January 1999, WotC began publishing Pokémon Trading Card Game after acquiring the rights in August 1998.[34][18] The game sold nearly 400,000 copies in less than six weeks and sold 10-times more units than initial projections.[35] Some sports card series were discontinued in 1999 because so many printers were producing Pokémon cards.[14] The game won the National Parenting Center's 1999 Seal of Approval.[19]
Within a year, WotC had sold millions of copies of the Pokémon game and the company released a new set that included an instructional CD-ROM.[36] WotC continued to publish the game until 2003. One of Nintendo's affiliates The Pokémon Company (formerly Pokémon USA) began producing a new edition for the game one day after the last of its agreements with Wizards expired on September 30, 2003. The following day, WotC filed suit against Nintendo the following day, accusing it of "abandoning a contract with Wizards, the longtime producer and distributor of Pokémon trading-card games, and using Wizards-patented methods and technology to manufacture the games itself".[37][38] The companies resolved the legal action in December 2003 without going to court.[39]
Retail stores
After the company's success in 1999 with Pokémon,[14] Wizards of the Coast acquired and expanded The Game Keeper, a US chain of retail gaming stores, eventually changing its name to Wizards of the Coast.[40][41] The company's gaming center in Seattle was closed in March 2001.[12] In December 2003, WotC announced it would close all of its stores to allow it concentrate on game design.[40][42] The stores were closed in early 2004.[13]
Acquisition by Hasbro
In September 1999, toy manufacturer Hasbro bought Wizards of the Coast for about US$325 million.[3][43] Avalon Hill, which Hasbro had purchased in mid 1998, was made a division of WotC in late 1999.[44][45] In November 1999, WotC announced Gen Con would leave Milwaukee after the 2002 convention.[46] Also in November, Vince Caluori became President of WotC.[47]
On January 1, 2001, Peter Adkison resigned from WotC.[13] In August 2001, the company, which had been a semi-independent division of Hasbro, was consolidated into Hasbro's game division. According to trade magazine ICv2: "this is seen as a loss of autonomy for WotC by most. The Hasbro release specified that despite the consolidation at the management level, WotC will continue to operate out of its Seattle offices."[48] Between 2001 and 2002, Hasbro sold Origins Game Fair to Game Manufacturers Association (GAMA),[13] and in May 2002, it sold Gen Con to Peter Adkison.[49]
2000–2010
In 2000, Wizards of the Coast introduced the Open Game License (OGL), which allowed the production of a wide range of unofficial commercial derivative works based on the mechanics of Dungeons and Dragons;[50] it is credited with increasing the market share of d20 products[51] and leading to a "boom in the RPG industry in the early 2000s".[52] Chuck Huebner became president and CEO of Wizards of the Coast in June 2002.[53][54] In 2003, the company employed 850 people.[55]
Throughout the early 2000s, WotC won multiple
In 2002, Wizards of the Coast's periodicals department was spun off; WotC outsourced its magazines by licensing
In early 2006, WotC filed a lawsuit against Daron Rutter, who was the administrator of the website MTG Salvation.[67] The lawsuit said Rutter publicly posted confidential prototypes of upcoming Magic: The Gathering card sets to the MTG Salvation forums,[67] ten months before the cards were to be released.[68][69] The lawsuit was settled out of court, according to Mark Rosewater.[68]
Greg Leeds succeeded Greenwood as president and CEO of WotC in March 2008.[70][71] On June 6, 2008, Wizards released the fourth edition of Dungeons & Dragons, and began introducing fourth-edition online content in Dragon and Dungeon magazines.[72][73][74][75][excessive citations]
Throughout the 2000s, WotC released new editions of Magic: The Gathering. In 2009, WotC announced a new edition called Magic 2010, which coincided with the first major rules change to Magic since the Revised Edition was released in 1994.[76][77]
By 2008, the company employed over 300 people
2010–2020
In 2012,
Throughout the 2010s, WotC and its products continued to earn awards. This included multiple 2015
In 2014,
Since the release of the 5th edition, WotC has published more than twenty Dungeon & Dragons books, including new rulebooks, campaign guides and adventure modules.[100][101] According to The Seattle Times, 2017 had "the most number of players in its history".[102] Writing for Bloomberg, Mary Pilon reported sales of the 5th edition of Dungeon & Dragons rose 41 percent in 2017 compared to the year before, and in 2018 rose another 52 percent. Pilon also said in 2017, nine million people watched others play D&D on the video-sharing platform Twitch.[91]
In 2016, WotC partnered with
In 2016, Chris Cocks replaced Greg Leeds as president of WotC.[106][7][107][108] Giaco Furino writing for Vice reported high tensions over deadlines at the company.[109] In 2019, WotC became a member of the Entertainment Software Association.[110][111]
In April 2019, WotC announced the appointment of gaming-industry veteran James Ohlen as the head of its new studio in Austin, Texas; in January 2020 the new studio was revealed to be Archetype Entertainment.[112][113] In June 2019, internet-streaming service Netflix announced WoTC would work with Anthony and Joe Russo to create an animated series based on the mythology of Magic: The Gathering. The Russo brothers were executive producers on the series, with writers Henry Gilroy and Jose Molina as showrunners, and Bardel Entertainment worked on animation.[114][115] In July 2019, Joe Deaux reported in Bloomberg: "Magic is part of the [Hasbro's] 'franchise brands', a segment that accounted for $2.45 billion in net revenue for the company last year".[43] According to Chris Cocks, Magic accounted for a "meaningful portion" of that sum and KeyBanc estimated the game's contribution was more than $500 million of the franchise brands.[43]
In 2019, WotC released a
2020–present
In February 2020, during a Hasbro earnings call, CEO Brian Goldner said WotC Wizards of the Coast was delivering positive results and that Hasbro planned to double WotC's revenues between 2018 and 2023.[118] He also reported revenues from Magic: The Gathering had increased by over 30 percent; Magic: The Gathering Arena had a strong first year and Dungeons & Dragons revenues grew for the seventh consecutive year.[118][119] Dungeons & Dragons virtual play increased by 86 percent during 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[119]
On June 1, 2020, after the
During its 2021 Investor Event, Hasbro announced the company would be reorganized into three divisions: Consumer Products, Entertainment, and Wizards & Digital.
In April 2022, Hasbro acquired the digital toolset and game companion
At a December 2022 investor-focused web seminar, Williams and Cocks called the Dungeons & Dragons brand "under monetized".[154][155] They noted the high engagement of fans with the brand but said the majority of spending is by Dungeon Masters, who comprise around 20 percent of the player base. Williams commented the goal of increased investment in digital aspects of that product line was to "unlock" recurrent spending typical of digital games.[154][155]
In 2022, The Gamer and Kotaku reported on the increased product-release schedule for Magic: The Gathering;[156][157] The Gamer sid the increased number of preview seasons for the game was leading to exhaustion within the community and had "drained the well of enthusiasm dry".[158] Vice commented there was "a growing divide in the Magic: The Gathering community between the casual players and the collectors" because "some rich collectors have turned the cards into a kind of commodities market",[159] and that "Wizards of the Coast has increasingly catered to this kind of consumer", leading to products that are too expensive for many casual players.[159] In November 2022, CNBC reported: "Bank of America downgraded the stock of Wizard of the Coast's owner, Hasbro";[160] analyst Jason Haas stated changes to the Magic: The Gathering brand "amount to Hasbro 'killing its golden goose'" and that the "primary concern" is the overproduction of "Magic cards which has propped up Hasbro's recent results but is destroying the long-term value of the brand".[161][156]
Between November and December 2022, there was speculation based on unconfirmed leaks saying WotC was planning to discontinue the OGL for Dungeons & Dragons.
In the following weeks, WotC reversed changes to the OGL and solicited public feedback
Also in January 2023, WotC canceled at least five unnamed video-game projects;
Cynthia Williams will resign at the end of April 2024.[206]
Studios
- Archetype Entertainment in Austin, Texas, U.S.; opened in April 2019.[207][208]
- Atomic Arcade in Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment (WBIE), opened in September 2021.[209]
- D&D Beyond; founded in 2017, acquired in May 2022.[147][148][149]
- Montreal, Quebec, Canada; founded in 2012, acquired in October 2019.[210]
- Mirrorstone Books; opened in 2004.[211]
- Studio X in Renton, Washington, U.S.; reorganization of Magic: The Gathering R&D in 2018.[212][213]
- Skeleton Key in Austin, Texas; opened in July 2022.[145]
- Wizards Kids Studio in Seattle, Washington, U.S.; opened in December 2020.[214]
Former
- Avalon Hill in Renton, Washington, U.S.; founded 1952, acquired by Hasbro in 1998, moved to Wizards of the Coast in 2004, moved again to Hasbro Games in 2021.[215][216]
- Last Unicorn Games in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.; founded in 1994, acquired and dissolved in 2000.[217]
- TSR, Inc. in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, U.S.; founded in 1973, acquired and dissolved in 1997.[22][23]
See also
Notes
- ComicBook.com.[177]
- ^ Such as: Kobold Press, Chaosium, Green Ronin, Legendary Games, and Rogue Genius Games.[182][183]
- ^ OGL1.2, with an open feedback period, was announced on January 13, 2023.[185][186][187]
- ^ System Reference Document 5.1 was announced and became effective immediately on January 27, 2023. Additionally, Wizards announced it would no longer pursue deauthorizing the OGL1.0a.[188][189][190][191]
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A number of years back, we changed how we organized Wizards. Tabletop Magic is now overseen by Bill Rose and is one large group with the original placeholder, but its seems to have stuck, name of Studio X. Studio X includes everyone who makes tabletop Magic from the designers to the creative people to the editors to the graphic designers to the people that handle layout and printing to the marketers to the architects and business people (and I'm forgetting many sections - I apologize).
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This year, we'll bring the relaunch of the AVALON HILL brand within the Hasbro Gaming portfolio
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External links
- Media related to Wizards of the Coast at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website