Wolfgang Schäuble
Wolfgang Schäuble Minister of the Interior | |
---|---|
In office 22 November 2005 – 27 October 2009 | |
Chancellor | Angela Merkel |
Preceded by | Otto Schily |
Succeeded by | Thomas de Maizière |
In office 21 April 1989 – 26 November 1991 | |
Chancellor | Helmut Kohl |
Preceded by | Friedrich Zimmermann |
Succeeded by | Rudolf Seiters |
Leader of the Christian Democratic Union | |
In office 7 November 1998 – 16 February 2000 | |
General Secretary | Angela Merkel |
Preceded by | Helmut Kohl |
Succeeded by | Angela Merkel |
Leader of the Opposition | |
In office 27 October 1998 – 29 February 2000 | |
Chancellor | Gerhard Schröder |
Preceded by | Rudolf Scharping |
Succeeded by | Friedrich Merz |
Leader of the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag | |
In office 25 November 1991 – 29 February 2000 | |
First Deputy | |
Chief Whip | |
Preceded by | Alfred Dregger |
Succeeded by | Friedrich Merz |
| |
In office 15 November 1984 – 21 April 1989 | |
Chancellor | Helmut Kohl |
Preceded by | Waldemar Schreckenberger (as secretary of state) |
Succeeded by | Rudolf Seiters |
Chief Whip of the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag | |
In office 4 October 1982 – 15 November 1984 | |
Leader | Alfred Dregger |
Preceded by | Philipp Jenninger |
Succeeded by | Rudolf Seiters |
Whip of the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag | |
In office 23 June 1981 – 4 October 1982 Serving with
| |
Leader | Helmut Kohl |
Chief Whip | Philipp Jenninger |
Preceded by | Gerhard Kunz |
Succeeded by |
|
Member of the Bundestag for Offenburg | |
In office 13 December 1972 – 26 December 2023 | |
Preceded by | Hans Furler |
Personal details | |
Born | Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany | 18 September 1942
Died | 26 December 2023 Offenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany | (aged 81)
Political party | Christian Democratic Union |
Spouse |
Ingeborg Hensle (m. 1969) |
Children | 4 |
Alma mater | |
Occupation |
|
Signature | |
Website | Official website (in German) |
Wolfgang Schäuble (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ ˈʃɔʏblə]; 18 September 1942 – 26 December 2023) was a German politician whose political career spanned more than five decades. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he was the longest-serving member of any democratic German parliament. Schäuble served as the 13th president of the Bundestag from 2017 to 2021.
Born in
After the defeat of the
On 27 September 2017, the CDU/CSU group in the Bundestag announced Schäuble's nomination as president of the Bundestag.[12] He was elected to that position on 24 October. Following the defeat of the CDU/CSU in the 2021 federal election, Schäuble lost the office by October 2021.
Early life and education
Schäuble was born in Freiburg im Breisgau, as the son of tax finance advisor and politician Karl Schäuble and Gertrud Göhring. He is the middle brother of three.[1]
After completing his Abitur in 1961, Schäuble studied law and economics at the University of Freiburg and the University of Hamburg, which he completed in 1966 and 1970 by passing the First and Second State Examinations respectively, becoming a fully qualified lawyer.[13]
In 1971, Schäuble obtained his doctorate in law, with a dissertation called "The public accountant's professional legal situation within accountancy firms".[14]
Early career
Schäuble entered the tax administration of the state of Baden-Württemberg, eventually becoming a senior administration officer in the Freiburg tax office.[15] Subsequently, he became a practising registered lawyer at the district court of Offenburg, from 1978 to 1984.[16]
Political career
Schäuble's political career began in 1961 with him joining the
Member of Parliament, 1972 to 2023
Schäuble has been a member of the Bundestag since 1972.[17] On 21 October 2017, Schäuble became the longest serving member of parliament in German history overtaking August Bebel, who had been a member of the North German Reichstag and the Reichstag from 1867 until 1881 and from 1883 until 1913.[18] From 1981 to 1984 he was parliamentary whip of the CDU/CSU group and in November 1991 he became its chairman.[17] Schäuble gave up this position as chairman in 2000 as another consequence of the financing scandal.[19] Between October 2002 and 2005, Schäuble served as the parliamentary group's deputy chairman, under the leadership of Angela Merkel.[20]
Schäuble has always been elected to the Bundestag by means of winning an electorate seat, rather than through a list placing in Germany's system of proportional political representation.[21]
Federal Minister for Special Affairs, 1984–1989
On 15 November 1984, Schäuble was appointed as
In his capacity as Minister for Special Affairs, Schäuble was put in charge of the preparations for the first official state visit of
Federal Minister of the Interior, 1989–1991
In a cabinet reshuffle Schäuble was made
There was constant speculation that he would replace Kohl as Chancellor, whose popularity was declining.[4] In November 1991, Schäuble became the Christian Democrats' parliamentary floor leader, replacing 71-year-old Alfred Dregger, in a move that made him Kohl's likely heir-apparent.[26] In 1997 Helmut Kohl stated that Schäuble was his desired candidate to succeed him, but he did not want to hand over power until 2002.[27] Because the CDU/CSU lost the 1998 election, he did not become Chancellor.[28]
After Eberhard Diepgen was voted out as mayor of Berlin, Schäuble was in talks to be the top candidate for the early election on 21 October 2001, but was rejected by the Berlin branch of the CDU in favour of Frank Steffel.[29]
Some quarters of the CDU and CSU wanted to put Schäuble forward as their candidate for the office of German President, the largely ceremonial head of state, at the beginning of March 2004, due to his extensive political experience. In spite of support from the Premiers of Bavaria (Edmund Stoiber (CSU)) and Hesse (Roland Koch (CDU)),[30][31] Schäuble did not receive the party's nomination in the end because CDU leader Angela Merkel, other CDU politicians and the liberal FDP party spoke out against him. This was because the election contributions scandal involving Schäuble that first came to light in late 1999 had never been entirely resolved.[32]
CDU Party Chairman, 1998–2000
After the CDU was defeated in the
Federal Minister of the Interior, 2005–2009
Ahead of the 2005 elections, Angela Merkel included Schäuble in her shadow cabinet for the Christian Democrats' campaign to unseat incumbent Gerhard Schröder as chancellor. During the campaign, Schäuble served as Merkel's expert for security and foreign policy.[36]
Following the elections, Schäuble was mentioned as potential candidate for the office of
Between 2007 and 2009, Schäuble was one of 32 members of the Second Commission on the modernization of the federal state, which had been established to reform the division of powers between federal and state authorities in Germany.[40]
Federal Minister of Finance, 2009–2017
Following the
During his time in office, Schäuble was widely regarded the most vocal advocate in the government of European integration,
A leading advocate of austerity during the eurozone crisis,[10] Schäuble in 2014 pushed through a national budget of 299 billion euros that allowed Germany not to take on any new debt for the first time since 1969.[11] In the first half of 2016, he recorded an 18.5 billion euros budget surplus.[47] He has been described variously as the "personification of fiscal discipline"[48] and "Europe's foremost ayatollah of austerity".[49] Schäuble's reputation for tough control of spending has been helped by Germany's rapid recovery from recession but he has repeatedly rebuffed calls from government supporters for vote-winning tax cuts.[44] Throughout his tenure, he stood by his position that structural reforms such as overhauling labor markets in Europe are the way out of a low-growth spiral.[50] In 2013, for example, Schäuble and Vítor Gaspar, his counterpart in Portugal, announced a plan to use the German state development bank KfW to help set up a financial institution to assist Portuguese under age 25 in getting jobs or job training.[51]
In 2012, following the resignation of Jean-Claude Juncker as president of the 17 euro zone finance ministers, known as the Eurogroup, suggestions soon gathered pace that Chancellor Angela Merkel was pressing for Schäuble to take up the position;[25][45] the job later went to Jeroen Dijsselbloem instead.
In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the
In a letter to the
On Schäuble's initiative, Germany became a founding member of the
When Federal President Joachim Gauck announced in June 2016 that he would not stand for reelection, Schäuble was soon mentioned by German and international media as likely successor;[57][58] the post eventually went to Frank-Walter Steinmeier instead.[59]
From late 2016, Schäuble served as member of the German government's cabinet committee on Brexit at which ministers discuss organizational and structural issues related to the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union.[60]
President of the Bundestag, 2017–2021
Following the
As Bundestag President, Schäuble worked to curb the antics of the far-right Alternative for Germany, the largest opposition party in the Bundestag.[59]
As the country's
Ahead of the Christian Democrats' leadership election in 2018, Schäuble publicly endorsed Friedrich Merz to succeed Angela Merkel as the party's chair.[64]
Following the 2021 German federal election, the SPD became the largest party in the Bundestag. By convention, the largest party gets to choose the President. The SPD nominated Bärbel Bas, who was elected during the opening session of the 20th Bundestag. Schäuble remained a Member of the Bundestag. Since he was the longest-serving Member of the Bundestag, serving as Alterspräsident, it was his task to oversee the opening session of the new Bundestag, including the election of his successor.[65]
Political views
European integration
Echoing earlier proposals made by Prime Minister Édouard Balladur of France, Schäuble and fellow lawmaker Karl Lamers in 1994 urged the European Union to adopt a policy they called "variable geometry" under which five countries most committed to integration – Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxemburg – would proceed swiftly toward monetary union, joint foreign and defense policies and other forms of integration.[66] In 2014, both reiterated their ideas in an op-ed for the Financial Times, renewing their call for a core group of European Union countries to move ahead faster with economic and political integration.[67] Countries such as Britain should put forward proposals for returning some competences to national governments, they said, while "the EU should focus mainly on the following areas: a fair and open internal market; trade; currency and financial markets; climate, environment and energy; and foreign and security policy."[68] Also, they proposed the establishment of a European budget commissioner with powers to reject national budgets if they do not correspond to the jointly agreed rules and a "eurozone parliament" comprising the MEPs of eurozone countries to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of decisions affecting the single currency bloc.[68]
On 21 November 2011 Schäuble said the euro would emerge stronger from the current crisis, and ultimately all non-members would be convinced to sign up. He said Great Britain would eventually join the euro (but that he respected Britain's decision to keep the pound).[69] On a British exit from the EU, Schäuble argued in 2014 that Britain's EU membership was particularly important for Germany as both countries share a market-oriented reform approach in many economic and regulatory questions.[70]
In 2015, then-Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis of Greece called Schäuble "the intellectual force behind the project of European Monetary Union".[71]
In 2015, Schäuble raised the idea of stripping the European Commission of regulatory powers, expressing concern over its neutrality and willingness to fulfil its role as "guardian of the treaties", in particular with regard to the enforcement of rules on budget discipline; unnamed diplomats were cited by Reuters as stating that this was not incompatible with his reputation as "a veteran pro-European who has long favored turning the Commission over time into a European 'government'".[72][73] Following the Brexit in 2016, Schäuble urged Member States to be more pragmatic and take an intergovernmental approach to solving problems.[74]
Foreign policy
Schäuble was considered a "committed transatlanticist".
In 2002, shortly before the Iraq War, Schäuble accused German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder of "strengthening Saddam Hussein" by undermining the unanimity of international pressure on Iraq to open up to United Nations weapons inspectors.[77] On Schröder's initiative to join forces with President Jacques Chirac of France and President Vladimir Putin of Russia in opposing the war, Schäuble commented: "This triangular relationship involving Berlin, Paris and Moscow was a dangerous development. It was very dangerous for the small countries in Europe because they perceived it as an axis and you can understand why. We want good relations with Russia but we do not want those relations to be misunderstood."[78] Schäuble, in contrast to many German politicians, subsequently defended the United States' decision to invade Iraq. By 2006, he said he thought the overthrow of Saddam Hussein was in itself correct, but that he was "doubtful" from the outset about the Iraq war because it resulted from a unilateral decision by the US.[79]
Schäuble accused Chancellor Gerhard Schröder of lacking an appropriate historical conscience, because he accepted alleged human rights violations by the Russian government without criticism. On 31 March 2014, Schäuble compared the annexation of the
Domestic policy
In 1999 Schäuble initiated a CDU/CSU petition campaign against the reform of
Schäuble was among the high-ranking guests attending the re-opening of Rykestrasse Synagogue, Germany's largest synagogue, in September 2007.[83] In May 2008, he banned two right-wing organizations he described as "reservoirs of organized Holocaust deniers".[84] In 2009, he also banned the Homeland-Faithful German Youth (HDJ), a far-right group, on grounds that it organizes seemingly harmless activities, such as holiday activities, to promote racist and Nazi ideology among children and young people.[85]
Between 2015 and 2016, Schäuble and the
Schäuble had long been considered one of several prominent conservatives in favour of shifting the CDU's restrictive stance on gay marriage.[87] In June 2017, he voted against Germany's introduction of same-sex marriage.[88]
Domestic security
Schäuble called for stronger counterterrorism policies after joining the
As a consequence of the terrorism threats, Schäuble proposed several controversial measures. Ahead of the
Later that same year Schäuble proposed the introduction of legislation that would allow the German federal government to carry out targeted killing of terrorists, as well as outlaw the use of the Internet and cell phones for people suspected of being terrorist sympathizers.[92]
On 27 February 2008, he called on all European newspapers to print the Muhammad cartoons with the explanation: "We also think they're pathetic, but the use of press freedom is no reason to resort to violence."[93]
In July 2009, Schäuble said in an interview that Berlin would have to "clarify whether our constitutional state is sufficient for confronting new threats".[94][95] He said that the legal problems his office had to struggle with "extend all the way to extreme cases such as so-called targeted killing ... Imagine someone knew what cave Osama bin Laden is sitting in. A remote-controlled missile could then be fired in order to kill him."[94][95] The interviewer said: "Germany's federal government would probably send a public prosecutor there first, to arrest bin Laden."[94][95] Schäuble responded: "And the Americans would execute him with a missile, and most people would say: 'thank God'."[94][95]
In the wake of the deadly attacks in Paris on the offices of satirical publication Charlie Hebdo and a kosher supermarket in January 2015, Schäuble and his French counterpart Michel Sapin wrote a letter to the European Commission, calling for continent-wide legislation to better trace financial flows and freeze the assets of terrorists living in the European Union.[96]
Criticism
CDU Corruption Scandal (the 'Black Money Affair')
In 2000, Schäuble was forced to resign from the post as CDU chairman, as well as leader of the parliamentary group in the Bundestag in the CDU Donations scandal, known in German as the Schwarzgeldaffäre (the 'Black Money Affair').[97] Schäuble admitted to accepting DM100,000 (£40,000) in cash from, Karlheinz Schreiber, an arms dealer and convicted criminal.[98][99]
Relations with Greece
Schäuble was criticized by Yanis Varoufakis for his actions during the "Grexit" crisis of 2015.[100][101] In early 2014, former US Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner called Schäuble's "Grexit" plan "frightening," Geithner recorded that Schäuble believed a Greek exit from the Eurozone would scare other countries into line.[102][103] Schäuble also received extensive criticism toward his austerity recommendations from Twitter via the hashtag #ThisIsACoup.[104][105]
Other activities (selection)
Source:[106]
Corporate boards
- KfW, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Supervisory Directors (2009–2017)
- Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2016–2017)[107]
Non-profits
- Friends of the Festspielhaus Baden-Baden, Chairman[108]
- Deutsche Nationalstiftung, Member of the Board of Trustees
- Deutsche Stiftung Denkmalschutz, Member of the Board of Trustees
- Deutsche Stiftung Querschnittlähmung ("German Paraplegia Foundation"), Member of the Board of Trustees
- Deutsches Museum, Member of the Board of Trustees[109]
- Friends of the Berliner Philharmonie, Member of the Board of Trustees[110]
- House of Finance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Member of the Board of Trustees
- International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia, Member of the Board of Trustees
- Max Planck Society, Member of the Board of Trustees
- RAG-Stiftung, ex-officio Member of the Board of Trustees
- Robert Schuman Foundation, Member of the Board of Directors
- 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup, Member of the Board of Trustees[111]
Recognition (selection)
Source:[19]
Honorary degrees
- 1992: Honorary Doctorate of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
- 2005: Honorary Doctorate of the University of Fribourg
- 2006: Honorary Doctorate of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
- 2009: Honorary Doctorate of the University of Tübingen[112]
- 2011: Honorary Doctorate of the Corvinus University of Budapest
Other honors
- 1986: Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- 1988: Grand-Officier de l'Ordre National du Mérite by the President of France
- 1989: Grand Commander (Commander with the star) of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- 1991: Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
- 1998: Konrad-Adenauer-Preis
- 1998: Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur
- 2008: Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
- 2010: Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing
- 2011: Order of the Oak Crown of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- 2012: International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen[113]
- 2014: Award for Understanding and Tolerance of the Jewish Museum Berlin
- 2015: Bambi Award
- 2016: Leopold Kunschak Prize
- 2017: Kissinger Prize
- 2017: Member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
- 2019: Grand Officer of the Order of the Three Stars
- 2022: Grand Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit
Personal life
Schäuble was married to economist, teacher and former Welthungerhilfe chairwoman Ingeborg Hensle from 1969. They had four children:[114] three daughters and one son. His late brother, Thomas Schäuble (1948–2013), was a former Interior Minister of Baden-Württemberg, and an executive chairman of the Baden-Württemberg state brewery Rothaus from 2004 to 2013. His son-in-law was Thomas Strobl, who currently serves as Interior Minister of Baden-Württemberg.[115]
Schäuble and his wife lived in Gengenbach before moving to Offenburg in 2011.[116] They also had an apartment in Berlin's Grunewald district.[117][118]
When Schäuble celebrated his 70th birthday at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin in September 2012, Chancellor Angela Merkel and Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund, delivered the keynote speeches in his honor.[119]
Assassination attempt
On 12 October 1990, at the age of 48 and just after reunification, Schäuble was the target of an assassination attempt by Dieter Kaufmann, who fired three shots at him after an election campaign event attended by about 300 people in Oppenau.[23][114] Kaufmann injured a bodyguard, and severely injured Schäuble's spinal cord and face.[114]
Meanwhile, Schäuble returned to work within three months, even while he was still living in a rehabilitation unit, learning to manoeuvre while paralysed below the waist.[1] For his last rally in the 1990 elections, Chancellor Helmut Kohl travelled to Offenburg, where Schäuble made his first public appearance after the assassination attempt to a crowd of about 9,000.[120]
Illness and death
In May 2010, on his way to Brussels for an emergency meeting of European Union finance ministers, Schäuble found himself in the intensive care unit of a Belgian hospital, battling complications from an earlier operation and an allergic reaction to a new antibiotic.[121] At that point, the German news media speculated about his resignation, and even his chances of survival.[122] Merkel twice declined his offer to step down during a period of ill health in 2010.[123]
Schäuble died of cancer on 26 December 2023, at the age of 81.[124][27] Several days prior to his death, he was treated at clinics in Heilbronn for the disease.[125][126] President of Germany Frank-Walter Steinmeier ordered a state occasion at his death held on 5 January 2024.[65]
Selected works
Books
- Schäuble, Wolfgang; Koch, Dirk; Wirtgen, Klaus (1991). Der Vertrag (in German). Stuttgart: Dt. Verl.-Anst. ISBN 978-3-421-06605-3.
- —— (1994). Und der Zukunft zugewandt (in German). Berlin: Siedler. ISBN 978-3-88680-555-6.
- —— (1998). Und sie bewegt sich doch (in German). Berlin: Siedler Verlag. ISBN 978-3-88680-650-8.
- —— (2000). Mitten im Leben (in German). München: Bertelsmann. ISBN 978-3-570-00497-5.
- —— (2003). Scheitert der Westen? (in German). München: Bertelsmann. ISBN 978-3-570-00788-4.
- —— (2009). Zukunft mit Mass (in German). Lahr: Johannis. ISBN 978-3-501-05190-0.
Lectures
- Schäuble, Wolfgang (2009). "60 Jahre Grundgesetz : Verfassungsanspruch und Wirklichkeit ; [29.01.2009, Vortrag, Universität Karlsruhe, Zentrum für Angewandte Kulturwissenschaft und Studium Generale]". Zentrum für Angewandte Kulturwissenschaft und Studium Generale. .
References
- ^ a b c d e Quentin Peel (12 March 2010), Man in the News: Wolfgang Schäuble Archived 6 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
- ^ a b "Unification Treaty is Signed Without Reference to Nazi Era". JTA. Bonn. 4 September 1990. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Günther Krause: Wir machen aus Hausmüll Erdöl". Focus (in German). Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- ^ a b Kinzer, Stephen (12 October 1992). "Bonn Journal; Kohl's Protege Turns Into Kohl's Challenger". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
- ^ "German Linux Community Boycotting LinuxTag – Slashdot". slashdot.org. 19 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2007.
- ^ Wall Street Journal.
- ^ from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ a b Jack Ewing (12 December 2010), Germany Signals Support for Euro-Zone Members Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ a b Alan Cowell and Nicholas Kulish (12 October 2012), Nobel Committee Gives Peace Prize to European Union Archived 6 April 2018 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ a b Paul Taylor (4 March 2013), Jolt From Italy's Elections May Not Be Enough Archived 4 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ a b Erik Kirschbaum and Michelle Martin (9 September 2014), No new debt for Germany in 2015, first time since 1969 Archived 12 December 2020 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Emma Anderson (27 September 2017), Schäuble to be nominated as German parliament president: report Archived 9 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Politico Europe
- ^ "Schäuble verstorben: 'Ein prägender Christdemokrat'". Legal Tribune Online (in German). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Schäuble, Wolfgang. Die berufsrechtliche Stellung der Wirtschaftsprüfer in Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaften (Thesis). Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Wolfgang Schäuble". Munzinger Biographie (in German). Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble – Abgeordnetenhaus Berlin". Abgeordnetenhaus Berlin (in German). 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g "LeMO Biografie: Wolfgang Schäuble". hdg.de (in German). Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Kehrseite". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble". Deutscher Bundestag (in German). Archived from the original on 18 May 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Wolfgang Schäuble". Deutscher Bundestag (in German). Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Reaktionen auf Schäubles Tod: Trauer um Schäuble: "Gigant des Parlamentarismus" gestorben". Die Zeit (in German). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ James M. Markham (14 December 1986), Kohl's Party, Eyes on Vote, Shifts to Right Archived 3 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ a b Schmemann, Serge (13 October 1990). "German Interior Minister Is Shot at Political Rally". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
- ^ Crown Prince's Palace: Contract Signing in a Magnificent Building. Archived 16 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine In: Sites of Unity Archived 17 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine (Haus der Geschichte), 2022.
- ^ a b c Ian Traynor (20 September 2012), Germany's Wolfgang Schäuble at 70 – still at heart of efforts to save eurozone Archived 7 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian.
- ^ Tyler Marshall (16 November 1991), Social Democrats Tire of Losses, Try New Faces Archived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b "Früherer Bundestagspräsident Wolfgang Schäuble gestorben". Deutschlandfunk (in German). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Funk, Albert (2 August 2013). "Serie Bundestagswahlen: 1998: Schröders Sieg, Kohls Ende". tagesspiegel.de (in German). Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Schäuble: Vom Hoffnungsträger zum ewigen Verlierer". Der Spiegel (in German). 17 June 2001. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Rau-Nachfolge: Stoiber für Schäuble als Bundespräsident". FAZ.NET (in German). 24 February 2004. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ ""Ja, ich bin für Wolfgang Schäuble"". stern.de (in German). 30 December 2003. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Aust, Stefan (24 August 2015). "CDU-Spendenaffäre: Schäuble belastet erneut Kohl". Die Welt (in German). Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "The scandal that rocked the government of Helmut Kohl" Archived 11 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Deutsche Welle (18 January 2010): "Schaeuble, Germany's current finance minister, insisted he had forwarded the money to the CDU's then treasurer, Brigitte Baumeister, and had nothing to do with the illegal booking of the money. Baumeister rejected the accusation, saying she had handed over the money to Schaeuble in an envelope. The allegations were never proved in court but the affair cost Schaueble his job."
- ^ "CDU-Spendenaffäre: "Schäuble war Mittäter"". Spiegel Online (in German). Hamburg. 11 January 2000. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- ^ Theil, Stefan (27 February 2000). "Scandal Sinks Schauble". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- Spiegel Online.
- Washington Post, 10 October 2005.
- ^ Timot Szent-Ivanyi (25 October 2005), Gutverdiener sollen höhere Kassenbeiträge zahlen Archived 10 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Berliner Zeitung.
- ^ Biermann, Kai; Schuler, Katharina; Horeld, Markus; Friederichs, Dr. Hauke (8 September 2013). "Die Ministerbilanz". Die Zeit (in German). Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Abschlussbericht Förderalismuskommision II" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Jack Ewing (24 January 2014), Germany's Finance Minister Praises Progress Made in Crisis Countries Archived 2 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ Sarah Marsh (25 October 2009), New Merkel minister defends tax cuts after attacks Archived 29 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters.
- ^ Alison Smale (14 October 2014), French Minister Attends German Cabinet Session Archived 2 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ a b Quentin Peel (5 December 2010), Wolfgang Schäuble, a profile Archived 27 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
- ^ a b Stephen Castle and Jack Ewing (16 March 2012), "The Derby for 'Mr. Euro,' and Lots of Other Top Jobs, Is Just Getting Started" Archived 1 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times
- ^ Meireles, Luísa (22 October 2013). "Alemanha reage a declarações de Sócrates". Expresso (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
- ^ Stefan Wagstyl (24 August 2016), German budget surplus swells to €18.5bn Archived 30 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
- New York Times.
- ^ Charlemagne. "Europe's fault lines". The Economist. Vol. 414, no. 7–13 February 2015. p. 33. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2017.
- ^ Patrick Donahue and Birgit Jennen (21 October 2014), "Schaeuble Says Germany's Balanced-Budget Goal Is No 'Fetish'" Archived 3 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Bloomberg.
- ^ Melissa Eddy (22 May 2013), Germany Works to Ease High Youth Unemployment Archived 3 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ Patrick Donahue (28 October 2013), Merkel Enters Concrete SPD Talks as Finance Post Looms Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg News.
- Bloomberg Business.
- ^ Gernot Heller (1 December 2014), Germany, France and Italy urge EU to write common corporate tax laws Archived 16 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Matthias Sobolewski (17 March 2015), Schaeuble confirms Germany is a founding member of China-led AIIB bank Archived 16 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Gernot Heller (5 September 2015), G20-Germany urges more Islamic finance integration globally Archived 17 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Stefan Wagstyl (6 June 2016), German presidency jostling begins as Gauck prepares to quit Archived 23 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
- ^ Kate Connolly (6 June 2016), Headache for Angela Merkel as German president Joachim Gauck steps down Archived 28 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian.
- ^ a b c "The world according to Wolfgang Schäuble – POLITICO". 24 June 2021. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ Joseph Nasr (13 January 2017), Merkel to chair first Brexit committee meeting next week Archived 24 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Emma Anderson (27 September 2017), Schäuble to be nominated as German parliament president: report Archived 9 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Politico Europe.
- ^ "Was macht der Ältestenrat des Bundestags?". tagesschau.de (in German). 19 November 2020. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- Spiegel Online.
- ^ Madeline Chambers (5 December 2018), Germany's Schaeuble gives valuable backing to old Merkel rival to head party Archived 5 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Süddeutsche.de (in German). 27 December 2023. Archivedfrom the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Stephen Kinzer (4 September 1994), German Plan for Phased Union of Europe Provokes Controversy Archived 25 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ Paul Taylor (1 September 2014), Twenty years on, Schaeuble pleads again for core Europe Archived 5 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ a b Karl Lamers and Wolfgang Schäuble (31 August 2014), More integration is still the right goal for Europe Archived 13 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
- ^ Waterfield, Bruno; Hope, Christopher (18 November 2011). "Britain 'will join euro before long', says German finance minister". Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 11 July 2015.
- ^ Stefan Wagstyl and Jeevan Vasagar (30 June 2014), German finance minister Schäuble pledges to keep UK in Europe Financial Times.
- New York Times.
- ^ Busemann, Hans-Edzard (30 July 2015). "Germany's Schaeuble wants to rebalance EU Commission's role". Reuters. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ Vasagar, Jeevan; Spiegel, Peter; Chassany, Anne-Sylvaine (30 July 2015). "Schäuble outlines plan to limit European Commission powers". Financial Times.
- ^ Michelle Martin (3 July 2016), German politicians call for improvements to EU after Brexit vote Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ TRANSCRIPT: Globalizing World Requires Transatlantic Partnership and Leadership – A Conversation With German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble, 11 April 2014 Archived 19 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine Council on Foreign Relations.
- ^ Expected Attendees at Tonight's State Dinner Archived 19 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Office of the First Lady of the United States, press release of 7 June 2011.
- New York Times.
- ^ Judy Dempsey (26 August 2005), Merkel adviser seeks more-integrated EU Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine International Herald Tribune.
- Spiegel Online, 11 September 2006.
- ^ "Fighting Words: Schäuble Says Putin's Crimea Plans Reminiscent of Hitler" Archived 1 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Der Spiegel, 31 March 2014
- ^ a b Madeline Chambers (27 December 2014), Germany needs immigration, Finance Minister says after anti-asylum rallies Archived 6 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Michelle Martin (1 October 2015), German finance minister seeks common EU asylum law quickly -paper Archived 10 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine Reuters.
- ^ Anshel Pfeffer (2 September 2007), Restored Berlin synagogue opens doors Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Haaretz.
- ^ Germany launches nationwide crackdown on neo-Nazi youth group Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Haaretz, 9 October 2008.
- ^ "Germany bans group preaching Nazi ideology to children Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine". Haaretz, 31 March 2009.
- ^ "Germany to Increase Aid to Holocaust Survivors Through 2018 Archived 10 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine". Haaretz, 6 July 2016.
- ^ Charles Hawley (5 March 2013), "Campaign Conundrum: Merkel Walks a Fine Line on Gay Rights Archived 25 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Der Spiegel.
- ^ Diese Unionsabgeordneten stimmten für die Ehe für alle Archived 23 June 2019 at the Wayback Machine Die Welt, 30 June 2017.
- ^ a b c Mark Landler (13 July 2007), "Germans Weigh Civil Rights and Public Safety Archived 23 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine". The New York Times.
- ^ "Law to shoot down airliners overturned Archived 10 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine". International Herald Tribune, 15 February 2006.
- ^ "Innere Sicherheit: Schäuble will Unschuldsvermutung im Anti-Terror-Kampf nicht gelten lassen". Der Spiegel (in German). 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "German minister's proposal causes uproar", AFP (IOL), 9 July 2007.
- ^ "German Minister Calls on EU Press to Publish Mohammed Cartoon". DW.COM. Archived from the original on 1 March 2008. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d Susanne Koelbl (28 July 2008). "Terrorism Interview with German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schäuble: 'We Could Be Struck at Anytime'". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Schäuble in Trouble: Interior Minister in Crisis Over 'Targeted Killings' Remark". Der Spiegel. 16 July 2007. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2010.
- Wall Street Journal.
- ^ "Wolfgang Schäubles Rücktritt vom Partei- und Fraktionsvorsitz". Deutschlandfunk (in German). 16 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "BBC News | EUROPE | German sleaze: The story so far". news.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "Standoff between Schauble and Kohl as scandal net widens". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "Yanis Varoufakis: "Zu Schäubles Plan gehörte es, Griechenland fallen zu lassen"". Die Zeit (in German). 15 July 2015. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ Naumann, Florian (28 December 2023). "Varoufakis nutzt Abschied von Schäuble zur Abrechnung: bitter über den Tod hinaus". fr.de (in German). Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8041-3859-8.
- ^ Sokou, Katerina (15 May 2014). "Geithner reveals 'frightening' plans for Grexit in 2012 meeting with Schaeuble". eKathimerini.com. Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "#ThisIsACoup: Germany faces backlash over tough Greece bailout demands". The Guardian. 12 July 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ Schäfer, Ulrich; Schulz, Jakob (14 July 2015). "Wer #ThisIsACoup erfand". Süddeutsche.de (in German). Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Wolfgang Schäuble". abgeordnetenwatch.de (in German). 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Board of Governors Archived 29 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
- ^ "Dr. Schäuble führt Festspielhaus-Freunde…". Festspielhaus Baden-Baden (in German). 31 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Board of Trustees Archived 18 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine Deutsches Museum.
- ^ "Trauer um Wolfgang Schäuble". Berliner Philharmoniker (in German). Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ WM-Kuratorium unter Vorsitz von Dr. Thomas Bach FIFA, press release of 30 September 2008.
- ^ "Ehrendoktorwürde für Bundesinnenminister Wolfgang Schäuble". idw-online.de (in German). 26 June 2009. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Ondruskova, Iveta (17 May 2012). "Schäuble receives Charlemagne Prize". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ a b c Ray Moseley (13 October 1990). "German Cabinet Member Shot, Seriously Wounded By Attacker". Chicago Tribune. Berlin. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ Schmid, Matthias (27 December 2023). "Politik: Ein Familienmensch mit messerscharfem Verstand: Strobl wird der Schwiegervater fehlen". Südkurier Online (in German). Archived from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ Ralf Burgmaier (26 December 2010) Henco-Areal: Wolfgang Schäubles Umzug nach Offenburg rückt näher Archived 19 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Badische Zeitung.
- ^ René Pfister (22 May 2010), Der Feind in ihm Archived 28 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine Der Spiegel.
- ^ Alexander Dinger (13 July 2018) [1] Archived 19 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine Berliner Morgenpost.
- ^ Jack Ewing (17 April 2013), Euro Zone Crisis Has Increased I.M.F.'s Power Archived 2 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ Schmemann, Serge (1 December 1990). "Kohl, Dominating Campaign, Acts as if He's Already Won". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ Quentin Peel (19 May 2010), Schäuble interview: Berlin's strictures Archived 27 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine Financial Times.
- ^ Nicholas Kulish and Jack Ewing (18 November 2011), Seeing in Crisis the Last Best Chance to Unite Europe Archived 23 July 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times.
- ^ Rainer Buergin and Birgit Jennen (20 September 2013), Schaeuble Seen Keeping Finance Post Even in SPD Coalition Archived 27 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg News.
- Süddeutsche.de (in German). 27 December 2023. Archivedfrom the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Wolfgang Schäuble kurz vor seinem Tod in Heilbronner SLK-Kliniken behandelt" (in German). Stimme. 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Strippenzieher, graue Eminenz, Sphinx: Wolfgang Schäuble ist tot". Focus (in German). 27 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
External links
- Wolfgang Schäuble: "Muslims Should Feel at Home in Germany" Archived 5 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- Appearances on C-SPAN