Wolin (town)

Coordinates: 53°50′35″N 14°36′45″E / 53.84306°N 14.61250°E / 53.84306; 14.61250
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Wolin
Wolin
Wolin
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
72-510
Vehicle registrationZKA
ClimateCfb

Wolin (Polish pronunciation: [ˈvɔlin]; German: Wollin) is a town in northwestern Poland, situated on the southern tip of the Wolin island off the Baltic coast of the historic region of Western Pomerania. The island lies at the edge of the strait of Dziwna in Kamień County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

The town, now a

Slavic
period occupy the area. The early medieval town fell victim to the late 12th century Danish raids, and was refounded in 1260.

History

Medieval open-air museum in Wolin

The

Migration period, at the turn of the 5th and 6th centuries. The place was then abandoned for approximately hundred years. At the end of the 8th or the beginning of the 9th century the area was leveled and a new settlement constructed. The earliest evidence of fortifications dates to the first half of the 9th century. In the second half of the 9th century there was a central fortified area and two suburbs, to the north and south of the center. These became enclosed and fortified between the end of the 9th and the 10th centuries.[2]

In the 8th century there was a

Slavic Pomeranians and the Veleti (later Lutizians). The Wolinians are described by Jan Maria Piskorski as the most powerful Pomeranian tribe,[4] due to their control of a multi-ethnic emporium at the site of the present-day town.[5] Similar emporia were also set up elsewhere along the southern coastline of the Baltic Sea
since the 8th century.

10th-century view of Wolin on a mural in the town center

This emporium, by contemporary chronicles referred to as Jumne or Julin, began to prosper in the 9th century.

Styrbjörn in the course of Harald's internal struggles with his son, Sweyn Forkbeard, in the 970s or 980s, which housed a garrison of soldiers known as Jomsvikings.[citation needed
]

St. Nicholas church

In the late 10th century, the

Erik I Evergood to mount another campaign in 1098.[13]

Memorial plaque at the site of the former Saint Adalbert church

In 1121/22, the

eremite Bernard on a mission to Wolin.[14] The inhabitants, reluctant to convert to a religion of a man who did not even wear shoes, beat him up badly and expelled him.[14] With the approval of both Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Pope Callixtus II, Boleslaw initiated another mission of Saint Otto of Bamberg in 1124.[15] When Otto, a respected and wealthy man accompanied by German and Polish clergymen and military units, arrived in Wolin, he had already successfully converted the Pyrzyce and Kamień areas.[16] Yet, he was met with distrust, and the town's inhabitants finally gave in to convert to Christianity only if Otto managed to convert Szczecin, which the Wolinians assumed was unachievable.[17] Yet, when Otto after two months of work and threatening with another military intervention managed to convert Szczecin, he returned to Wolin and the Wolinians accepted conversion.[17]

Otto's second mission in 1128 was initiated by

Grobe Abbey on the island of Usedom after 1150.[24][25]

Wolin in 1618

At the same time Wolin economically decayed and was devastated by Danish expeditions, which contributed to the move of the episkopal see to Grobe.[25] The Danish campaigns completely wiped out the town in the late 12th century.[26]

On the ruins of the early medieval town, a new town was founded and granted

Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War) of 1720, it was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Pomerania
.

The town subsequently became part of the

Third Reich. During World War II, the Germans operated a forced labour camp for French and Belgian prisoners of war from the Stalag II-B POW camp.[27] During the final stages of the war, in February 1945, the German-perpetrated death march of Allied prisoners-of-war from the Stalag XX-B POW camp passed through the town.[28] In 1945, with the conclusion of the Second World War, Wollin was conquered by the Red Army and handed over to Poland and the German population was expelled in accordance to the Potsdam Agreement
. The town was once again named Wolin and resettled by Poles.

Gallery

Notable people

Twin towns

Notes

References

  1. ISBN 3-11-016782-4
  2. ^ Filipowiak, Władysław (2004). "Some aspects of the development of Wolin in the 8th-11th centuries in the light of the results of new research". In Przemysław, Urbanczyk (ed.). Polish lands at the turn of the first and the second millennium. Institute of Archeology and Ethnology. Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 47–74.
  3. ISBN 3-515-07671-9
  4. ^
    OCLC 43087092
  5. ^
    OCLC 43087092
  6. ISBN 3-515-07671-9
  7. ISBN 3-515-07671-9
  8. ^ Filipowiak, Władysław (2004). "Some aspects of the development of Wolin in the 8th-11th centuries in the light of the results of new research". In Przemysław, Urbanczyk (ed.). Polish lands at the turn of the first and the second millennium. Institute of Archeology and Ethnology. Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 47–74, here p. 68.
  9. ^ a b Filipowiak, Władysław (2004). "Some aspects of the development of Wolin in the 8th-11th centuries in the light of the results of new research". In Przemysław, Urbanczyk (ed.). Polish lands at the turn of the first and the second millennium. Institute of Archeology and Ethnology. Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 47–74, here p. 69.
  10. ^ Schmidt, Michael: Das Imperium der Ottonen im Gefüge Europas (von 911 bis 1025), Frankfurt 2009, p. Regesta Imperii II,4 n. 1631a referencing Thietmar VI, 33 (24) and Annales Quedlinburgensis (MGH SS. 3, 79)
  11. ^ Eggert, Oskar: Geschichte Pommerns, vol. 1, Hamburg 1974, p. 45: "Danach scheint sich Wollin als unabhängige politische Kraft an der Ostsee behauptet zu haben." Filipowiak, Wladyslaw: Wollin - ein frühmittelalterliches Zentrum an der Ostsee, in Wieczorek, Alfried; Hinz, Hans (eds.): Europas Mitte um 1000, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 152-155; here p. 154: "was ein Hinweis auf eine eigene unabhängige Politik der Stadt sein könnte."
  12. ^ Filipowiak, Wladyslaw: Wollin - ein frühmittelalterliches Zentrum an der Ostsee, in Wieczorek, Alfried; Hinz, Hans (eds.): Europas Mitte um 1000, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 152-155; here p. 154.
  13. ^ a b c Filipowiak, Wladyslaw: Wollin - ein frühmittelalterliches Zentrum an der Ostsee, in Wieczorek, Alfried; Hinz, Hans (eds.): Europas Mitte um 1000, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 152-155; here p. 154-155.
  14. ^
    OCLC 43087092
  15. OCLC 43087092
  16. OCLC 43087092
  17. ^
    OCLC 43087092
  18. ^
    OCLC 43087092
  19. OCLC 43087092
  20. ^ PEK History (in German) PEK History (in Polish)
  21. ISBN 3-931185-07-9
  22. ISBN 978-3-356-01044-2
  23. OCLC 43087092
  24. ISBN 3-931185-07-9
  25. ^
    OCLC 43087092
  26. OCLC 43087092
  27. ^ "Les Kommandos". Stalag IIB Hammerstein, Czarne en Pologne (in French). Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  28. ISBN 978-83-950992-2-9
    .

External links
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