Wormshill
Wormshill | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | SITTINGBOURNE | |
Postcode district | ME9 | |
Dialling code | 01622 | |
Police | Kent | |
Fire | Kent | |
Ambulance | South East Coast | |
Faversham and Mid Kent | ||
Wormshill (
Archaeological and toponymic evidence of Wormshill's existence predates its appearance in the Domesday Book of 1086. The village contains a number of heritage-listed buildings, which include a Norman church, a public house and one of the oldest surviving post office buildings in the United Kingdom. The fields and woodland surrounding Wormshill have changed little in the past 500 years, and the village itself remains rural with a low population density compared to the national average. The population of 200 is a mixture of agricultural workers employed by local farms, and professional residents who commute to nearby towns.
History
Toponymy
Wormshill was listed under the name Godeselle in the
The
Early history
A 1994 landscape survey identified woodland to the north of the village as having contained ancient
The parish of Wormshill was originally appended to the village and parish of
Patronage of the parish subsequently transferred through a number of landholding families, vesting by the 17th century with the prominent Kent family of Sir Charles Sedley, which at times held the barony of Aylesford. During this period the Tylden (or Tilden) family, believed to have had links to the Crusades of Richard I,[19][20] were also significant landholders in the area in the early 17th century; a memorial to William Tylden, who died in 1613, rests in the north chancel of St Giles church.[21] Around the same time in the late 16th century, recruits of Sir Francis Drake's navy may have used a track, now known as Drake Lane, in the south west of the parish or camped nearby as they marched from the Weald of Kent to the dockyards at Sheerness.[22]
Patronage is believed to have lapsed from the Sedley family to the
Little (if any) information exists about the village's population or demographics before 1801; however evidence from the first census indicates that the village grew steadily, reaching a peak in 1871. A possible indication of the growth in the agricultural output of the village is the construction of two
20th century
Records indicate that at least one former resident of the village fought as part of the Australian contingent in the
During the
A
Villagers resident during the war also recall a V-1 being shot down in orchards near Norwood Farm and a fighter aircraft crashing in fields to the south of Yew Tree Farm. Roadside checkpoints were set up on the main routes into the village to the north and south and Allied forces moving through the region camped overnight in the area, including a detachment of New Zealand troops in fields near Home Farm.[35]
Following an initial decline in the population at the beginning of the 20th century, more houses were constructed between the
Governance
At the time of the
Since 1975, Wormshill has been administered within the North Downs
Geography
At 51°17′04″N 0°41′44″E / 51.28444°N 0.69556°E, the village is in central Kent, approximately 38 mi (61 km) south-east of London. The nearest town is Sittingbourne, 4 mi (6 km) to the north. Wormshill is surrounded by villages and hamlets of a similar size, including Frinsted, Bicknor, Bedmonton and Hucking.
The village is on a high point of the North Downs. The nearby road intersection of Black Post is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps at 191 m (627 ft) above sea level. The landscape is primarily characterised by undulating calcareous grassland and ancient deciduous woodland over chalk downland.[4] The settlement itself (as opposed to the wider parish) is on a downland ridge between two shallow dip slope valleys that separate it from Bicknor to the north-west and Frinsted to the east.
Wormshill's elevated and exposed position on the North Downs means it occasionally experiences extreme weather conditions such as the heavy snowfalls of 11–14 January 1987, March 2005, February 2009 and January 2010.[43][44][45][46] In the late 18th century Hasted commented: "Being exposed to the northern aspect, it lies very bleak and cold."[18]
Much of the local woodland was devastated by the
The countryside around the village has been described as "an area where the whole landscape is a piece of history—a valley where time has stood still and the pattern of woods and fields is much as it was 500 years ago".
The village stretches primarily along a single carriageway road known as The Street. The north-eastern end of The Street is a designated
Demography
The record in the Domesday Book does not give the population in 1086, though several people are named.[2] By the late 19th century the village and parish were described as:
WORMSHILL, a parish in Hollingbourn [sic] district, Kent; 5 miles S by W of
£1,295. Pop., 253. Houses, 46. The property is divided among a few. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Canterbury. Value, £260.*Patron, Christ's Hospital, London. The church is plain. Charities, £12.[53]
Wormshill's location remains rural. Because of geography and restrictions on development, building in the village has been scant since the 1960s and 1970s. In 1821, the parish contained only 26 dwellings: by 2001, the total number of houses had risen to 82.[54][55]
The rural nature of the area is indicated by a population density of approximately 0.4 persons per hectare (1 person for every 6.9 acres), compared to the average for the south-east of England of 4.2 persons per hectare (1 person for every 0.6 acres).[56]
The village has been recorded as a distinct parish unit for the purpose of census statistics since the first
Data for the ethnicity of the wider Maidstone area show that the population is around 97 per cent white and that the remainder is of mixed, black, and Asian descent. Specific figures for Wormshill held by Kent County Council indicated in 2001 that all the villagers were of white ethnicity.[55]
Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 157 | 160 | 165 | 187 | 218 | 209 | 253 | 251 | 213 | 160 |
Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 |
Population | 169 | 137 | 157 | 178 | n/a | 151 | 214 | 184 | ? | ? |
Year | 2001 | |||||||||
Population | 198 |
Economy
Wormshill includes two farms: Yew Tree Farm (dairy farming) at the south end of the village, and Norwood Farm (fruit and other crops) at the north end. A third farm, Home Farm appeared on late 19th and early 20th centuries Ordnance Survey maps in the centre of the village.[58] This farm is no longer in use, but some outbuildings remain. Wormshill at one time included a blacksmith's shop, which is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps until 1898.[58] According to the 1831 Census, 40 of the 48 adult males in the village were employed in the agricultural sector. Census records from the mid-to-late 19th century show a marked increase in the construction of new homes, representing the largest growth in the village for the next 100 years; however, the 1901 Census still described the majority of workers as "labourers and servants".[28][59][60][61] The population spike between 1821 and 1901 is a trend typical to the general growth in the need for physical labour from parishes in the Kent downland agricultural region in the 19th century which was followed in the early 20th century by the increasing mechanisation of farming activity.[62] Although the farms continue to employ from the village, as of 2008 Wormshill is largely a dormitory village, with residents employed in nearby towns or commuting to London. The socio-economic classification of Census 2001 indicated that the most common occupations were "lower managerial and professional occupations" (21.9 per cent) and "small employers and own account workers" (15.2 per cent).[63]
Landmarks
Until the end of the 20th century, the village had a post office and general stores along with a public house, The Blacksmiths Arms, a Grade II listed building, in part of 17th century origin.[64][65]
The original post office opened in 1847 and was run by church warden Tom Clements from a building next to the rectory.[66] The building, which now forms part of a Grade II*listed private dwelling, is thought to be the second-oldest surviving post office building in England with a service dating from 1847.[67][68][69] The post office briefly moved to another location in The Street under the stewardship of local schoolmistress Fanny Harris (who operated the service from 1926); however, it returned to the original site in 1946 under the new sub-postmistress Irene Bugden and was run as a small general stores until it closed in 1976.[67] Fanny Harris (then 92 years old and the village's oldest inhabitant) and Robin Leigh-Pemberton were passengers on the first postbus service on 4 March 1974.[68] A new post office and stores operated at a different property in the village for a further 20 years until it was closed in the 1990s.[70] Today, the village retains only the Blacksmiths Arms and a traditional red post box.
In the 19th century, an additional public house existed at the northern edge of the village near Norwood Farm and was known as The Woodman's Arms (and possibly also as The Norwood Arms).[71][72] The pub was recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the village between 1870 and 1946, but as of May 2012, the building is a Grade II listed private dwelling.[73] Other listed buildings in the village include the timber-framed houses Norwood Manor and Blacksmiths Cottage. A large country house now known as Wormshill Court and bordered to the north and east by a brick wall includes the outbuildings of Manor Farm. The property is part of a large estate which has for several generations belonged to the Nightingale family. The house and farm is also shown on a map of 1636 and at that time appears to represent the only building in the village other than the church and the rectory.[74] In 1858 a further map of the manor named the property Court Lodge Farm and included an inset plan showing the exchange of land between the governors of Christ's Hospital and a Mr. Henry Hudson.[75]
Wormshill retained its own telephone exchange[76] until the 1990s, when it became part of the Maidstone exchange. A red telephone box remains in the village after residents insisted that it not be replaced with a modern design however the telephony was disconnected (and the box sealed) in November 2009 as a result of lack of use. An informal village noticeboard is on the side of an old flint and wood barn that was part of the former Home Farm. The post box and telephone box are at the same location. The telephone box is a listed building.[77]
The
Transport
A number of
The service, run by the
Education
A small one-roomed
Religion
The church, parts of which date back to the
In 1995, the church received a new ring of six
Community and culture
Notable people
A vicar at the Rectory of Wormshill in the 19th century, Reverend Josiah Disturnell,[23] was the subject of a debate about exceptional human longevity; it was claimed that he lived to age 107. References to the rector's memorial stone in the church ultimately provided evidence that his actual age of death was "either 91 or 93".[92] Sir Henry Rew, a leading authority on agricultural economics, a former assistant secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and president of the Royal Statistical Society (1920–1922) died at his home in the village on 7 April 1929.[93]
Filmography
In January 2007, the church and its surroundings were used as locations in the filming of an episode of EastEnders, broadcast in the United Kingdom over the Easter 2007 holiday season.[94] The production crew added mock gravestones and a temporary Victorian-style street lamp to the churchyard. Also featured were other locations in and near the village, including exterior shots of the Blacksmiths Arms combined with interior views of the nearby Ringlestone Inn.
Recreation
The village holds typical English rural festivals during the year. The spring and
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External links
- Images of Wormshill at Geograph
- History and demography of Wormshill at VisionOfBritain.org
- Demographic Statistics (2001 Census)
- Wormshill Parish website