Wuwei, Gansu
Wuwei
武威市 | |
---|---|
CST) | |
ISO 3166 code | CN-GS-06 |
Website | www |
Wuwei (Chinese: 武威; pinyin: Wǔwēi) is a prefecture-level city in northwest central Gansu province. In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest, Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along the Hexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest of Central Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.
History
In ancient times, Wuwei was called Liangzhou (涼州—the name retained by today's Wuwei's
"In the third year [170 CE], Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou (modern Wuwei), sent the Assistant Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers from
Turfan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong (Arach) but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly and, for its part, the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it."[5]
In 121 BC
During the Three Kingdoms period (184-280), Liangzhou was governed by Ma Teng. After the death of Ma Teng, Ma Chao assumed the post and governed the province for a short time before it fell into the hands of Cao Cao, ruler of Wei Kingdom.
Liangzhou was briefly (from 400 to 421) a state during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.
Famous cultural relics from Wuwei include the Galloping Bronze Horse (铜奔马), Western Xia mausoleums(西夏碑), Wuwei White Towers Temple (白塔寺), Tianti Mountain Grotto (天梯山石窟), Luoshi(Kumārajīva) Temple (罗什寺塔), and the Confucian temple (文庙).
Geography and climate
Wuwei is located in the
Southwest of Wuwei, there is a 230 metres (750 ft) thick
Climate data for Wuwei (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
28.1 (82.6) |
32.7 (90.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
40.8 (105.4) |
37.3 (99.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.6 (74.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.8 (85.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
4.1 (39.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
22.8 (73.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.9 (48.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.3 (8.1) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.7 (60.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
9.9 (49.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
2.5 (36.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.3 (−13.5) |
−25.0 (−13.0) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−14.4 (6.1) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−32.0 (−25.6) |
−32.0 (−25.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.09) |
2.1 (0.08) |
5.7 (0.22) |
9.8 (0.39) |
18.0 (0.71) |
22.5 (0.89) |
34.7 (1.37) |
41.1 (1.62) |
29.1 (1.15) |
10 (0.4) |
3.0 (0.12) |
1.8 (0.07) |
180 (7.11) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 60.2 |
Average snowy days | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 23.7 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
50 | 44 | 40 | 36 | 41 | 47 | 54 | 58 | 61 | 55 | 53 | 54 | 49 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 224.4 | 223.0 | 247.1 | 253.1 | 276.5 | 268.6 | 264.4 | 248.6 | 214.8 | 237.9 | 231.0 | 224.5 | 2,913.9 |
Percent possible sunshine | 73 | 73 | 66 | 64 | 63 | 61 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 70 | 77 | 76 | 67 |
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather China[9] |
A species of stone loach, Triplophysa wuweiensis, is named after Wuwei where it was first discovered.[10]
Administration
1
Map | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Hanzi
|
Hanyu Pinyin
|
Population (2010) |
Area (km²) |
Density (/km²) | |
Liangzhou District
|
凉州区 | Liángzhōu Qū | 1,010,295 | 5,081 | 207.29 | |
Minqin County | 民勤县 | Mínqín Xiàn | 241,251 | 16,016 | 15.2 | |
Gulang County | 古浪县 | Gǔlàng Xiàn | 388,720 | 5,287 | 78.13 | |
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County |
天祝藏族自治县 | Tiānzhù Zàngzú Zìzhìxiàn |
174,793 | 6,865 | 25.71 |
Demographics
Population Overview
By 2020, Population 1,464,955
2000·The 5th National Census[12] | 2010·The 6th National Census[13] | 2020·The 7th National Census[11] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
County | Population | % | District/County | Population | % | Compared with 5th Census | Population | % | Compared with 6th Census |
Wuwei County | 992,100 | 53.07% | Liangzhou District | 1,010,295 | 55.67% | - | 885,277 | 60.43% | -125,018↓ |
Minqin County | No Data | - | Minqin County | 241,251 | 13.29% | - | 178,470 | 12.18% | -62,781↓ |
Gulang County | No Data | - | Gulang County | 388,718 | 21.41% | - | 250,177 | 17.07% | -138,541↓ |
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County |
221,332[14] | 12.04% | Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County |
174,790 | 9.63% | -46,542↓ | 151,031 | 10.32% | -23,759↓ |
Entire Region | 1,836,923[12] | 100% | Entire City | 1,815,054 | 100% | -21,869↓ | 1,464,955 | 100% | -350,099↓ |
Urbanization and Gender Structure [11][13]
National Census | Urban Population | Male | Female | Sex | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Urbanization | Total | % | Total | % | ||
5th | 370,008[15] | 20.14% | 949,435# | 51.69% | 887,488# | 48.31% | 106.98 |
6th | 500,528 | 27.56% | 933,482 | 51.43% | 881,572 | 48.57% | 105.89 |
7th | 688,697 | 47.01% | 740,306 | 50.53% | 724,649 | 49.47% | 102.16 |
Observation | #No data, estimated based on the published sex ratio |
Education Level[11][13]
National Census | University Education (including associate degree) | High School Education | Secondary Education | Primary Education | illiteracy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | Total | % | |
5th | 33,927* | 2.08% | 182,774* | 11.22% | 504,999* | 31.01% | 738,388* | 45.34% | 168,499 | 10.35% |
6th | 98,932 | 5.84% | 257,772 | 15.23% | 681,562 | 40.26% | 540,193 | 31.91% | 114,475 | 6.76% |
7th | 184,994 | 13.69% | 207,940 | 15.38% | 456,779 | 33.79% | 418,200 | 30.94% | 83,812 | 6.20% |
Observation | *Estimation, the original data is the number of people educated per 100,000 people. The number of people educated per 100,000 people in universities, high schools, junior high schools, and primary schools is 1847, 9950, 27491, and 40197, respectively |
Age Distribution and Population Pyramid
National Census | 7th | 6th | 5th | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Group(years) | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female |
0-4 | 44,485 | 40,263 | 48,981 | 39,046 | 70,504 | 48,496 |
5-9 | 46,339 | 40,519 | 53,974 | 41,208 | 100,743 | 84,294 |
10-14 | 47,440 | 39,429 | 73,286 | 56,878 | 109,253 | 100,793 |
15-19 | 42,418 | 33,600 | 98,852 | 86,983 | 75,924 | 72,156 |
20-24 | 31,309 | 29,028 | 81,607 | 82,949 | 50,148 | 50,967 |
25-29 | 42,722 | 42,670 | 58,238 | 58,222 | 90,740 | 90,367 |
30-34 | 50,031 | 52,066 | 50,724 | 47,871 | 107,026 | 108,502 |
35-39 | 42,347 | 42,627 | 86,543 | 86,548 | 85,427 | 86,072 |
40-44 | 39,740 | 38,369 | 100,781 | 102,535 | 52,819 | 48,012 |
45-49 | 70,821 | 74,010 | 78,779 | 81,645 | 56,282 | 51,909 |
50-54 | 83,149 | 87,007 | 48,773 | 44,674 | 42,428 | 41,012 |
55-59 | 64,464 | 67,021 | 50,627 | 48,153 | 35,440 | 33,260 |
60-64 | 38,398 | 35,821 | 35,973 | 36,379 | 30,846 | 29,633 |
65-69 | 40,668 | 40,442 | 28,436 | 28,213 | 22,239 | 22,436 |
70-74 | 26,799 | 28,670 | 20,116 | 20,960 | 10,766 | 10,577 |
75 or above | 29,176 | 33,107 | 17,797 | 19,308 | 8,466 | 9,449 |
The following pictures are based on The 5th, 6th, and 7th National Census of Wuwei - Gender and Age Structure[15] |
---|
No. of Household [13][11]
National Census | No. of Household | Population | No. of ppls/household |
---|---|---|---|
5th | No Data | No Data | 3.95 |
6th | 467,040 | 1,748,588 | 3.74 |
7th | 529,119 | 1,383,397 | 2.61 |
Wuwei Ethnic Population and Gender[16]
Ethnic Population by County/District(2020)
County/District | Han | % | Minorities | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liangzhou District | 870,610 | 98.3% | 14,667 | 1.7% |
Minqin County | 176,789 | 99.1% | 1,681 | 0.9% |
Gulang County | 246,503 | 98.5% | 3,674 | 1.5% |
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County |
89,762 | 59.4% | 61,269 | 40.6% |
Wuwei | 1,383,664 | 94.5% | 81,291 | 5.5% |
Gender Data by Ethnicity(2020)
County/District | Male (Han) | Female (Han) | Sex Ratio (Han) | Male (Minorities) | Female (Minorities) | Sex Ratio (Minorities) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liangzhou District | 438,898 | 431,712 | 101.7 | 7,620 | 7,047 | 108.1 |
Minqin County | 90,394 | 86,395 | 104.6 | 915 | 766 | 119.5 |
Gulang County | 123,481 | 123,022 | 100.4 | 1,706 | 1,968 | 86.7 |
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County |
46,638 | 43,124 | 108.1 | 30,654 | 30,615 | 100.1 |
Wuwei | 699,411 | 684,253 | 102.2 | 40,895 | 40,396 | 101.2 |
Birth Rate, Mortality Rate, and Natural Growth Rate in Wuwei[17][18]
Legend | ↑Natural growth rate increased compared to the previous year
↓Natural growth rate decreased compared to the previous year *There is currently no data available |
---|
Year | Birth Rate(‰) | Mortality Rate(‰) | Natural Growth Rate(‰) | Trend of Three Rates |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 13.33 | 5.57 | 7.76 | Green Line: Birth Rate Red Line: Mortality Rate;
Grey Line: Natural Growth Rate |
2001 | 11.97 | 5.21 | 6.76↓ | |
2002 | * | * | 6.28↓ | |
2003 | * | * | 5.59↓ | |
2004 | * | * | 5.61↓ | |
2005 | * | * | 5.81↑ | |
2006 | * | * | 6.29↑ | |
2007 | * | * | 6.43↑ | |
2008 | * | * | 6.69↑ | |
2009 | * | * | 6.69 | |
2010 | * | * | 5.36↓ | |
2011 | * | * | 5.28↓ | |
2012 | 10.52 | 5.23 | 5.29↓ | |
2013 | 10.57 | 5.26 | 5.31↑ | |
2014 | 10.61 | 5.28 | 5.33↑ | |
2015 | 10.81 | 5.31 | 5.50↑ | |
2016 | 10.83 | 5.81 | 5.02↓ | |
2017 | 11.38 | 6.22 | 5.16↑ | |
2018 | 9.42 | 6.18 | 3.24↓ | |
2019 | 9.21 | 6.32 | 2.89↓ | |
2020 | * | * | -2.12↓ | |
2021 | 8.93 | 10.21 | -1.98↑ | |
2022 | 7.84 | 10.55 | -2.72↓ | |
2023(Expected) | 8.09 | 10.43 | -2.35↑ | |
2028(Expected) | 6.63 | 13.32 | -6.70 |
Economy
Consistent sunlight and fertile soil make agriculture one of Wuwei's biggest industries. Other important industries are textiles, metallurgy, and construction materials. Melons, vegetables, wine and livestock are all major agricultural products. Organic farming is a trend with more land being set aside for “green farming” each year. Land use can be broken down into the following:
- 790 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of water
- 34,800 square kilometres (13,400 sq mi) of forest
- 355,300 square kilometres (137,200 sq mi) of grassland.
- 247,000 square kilometres (95,000 sq mi) of “undeveloped” land.
- 39,100 square kilometres (15,100 sq mi) of farmland.
- 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) of corn
- 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi) of vegetables
- 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) of melons
- 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi) for livestock
- 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of vineyards
Transport
Railway[19]
There are two railway lines that pass through Wuwei, namely the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and the Gantang-Wuwei Railway. Both are east-west railway lines. Since there are no north-south railway lines crossing Wuwei, there are no railway lines passing through Minqin County which lies in the northern part of Wuwei, therefore, there are no railway stations in Minqin.
There exist various railway stations in Liangzhou District, Gulang County and
Major Railway Stations in Wuwei
Station Name | Wuwei Railway Station | Wuwei (S.) Railway Station | Wuwei (E.) Railway Station <Under Construction> | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Station Name in Chinese (Chinese Pinyin) | 武威站
(Wǔwēizhàn) |
武威南站
(Wǔwēinānzhàn) |
武威东站
(Wǔwēidōngzhàn) | |
Photo | Wuwei Railway Station (After Renovation) | Wuwei (S.) Railway Station Station Square | Wuwei (E.) Railway Station Design | |
Location (Chinese) | Yingbin Rd.(迎宾路) | Wunan Town (武南镇) | Fafang Town (发放镇) | |
Station Class | Second Class | First Class | Second Class | |
Raliway Line | Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway | ✓ | ✓ | |
Gantang-Wuwei Railway | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Lanzhou-Zhangye Railway | ✓ | |||
Service | Passenger Transporting | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Luggage Service | ✓ | |||
Courier Service | ✓ | |||
Others | Wuwei Railway Stations was renovated in 2009~2010 at the original site. | China Europe Freight Train | Under construction, expected to be put into operation in June 2024;
High-speed Railway Station |
Station Name | Gulang Railway Station | Gulang (N.) Railway Station
<Under Construction> | |
---|---|---|---|
Station Name in Chinese (Chinese Pinyin) | 古浪站
(Gǔlàngzhàn) |
古浪北站
(Gǔlàngběizhàn) | |
Photo | Picture Not Available | Gulang (N.) Railway Station Design | |
Location (Chinese) | Chengguan St.
(城关街) |
Zhangjiahewanzi Village (张家河湾子村) | |
Station Class | Fourth Class | - | |
Raliway Line | Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway | ✓ | |
Gantang-Wuwei Railway | |||
Lanzhou-Zhangye Railway | ✓ | ||
Service | Passenger Transporting | ✓ | ✓ |
Luggage Service | |||
Courier Service | |||
Others | - | Under construction, expected to be put into operation in June 2024;
High-speed Railway Station |
Station Name | Tianzhu Railway Station | Tianzhu (W.) Railway Station
<Under Construction> | |
---|---|---|---|
Station Name in Chinese (Chinese Pinyin) | 天祝站
(Tiānzhùzhàn) |
天祝西站
(Tiānzhùxīzhàn) | |
Photo | Platform of Tianzhu Railway Station | Tianzhu (W.) Railway Station Design | |
Location (Chinese) | Huazangsi Town
(华藏寺镇) |
Beishuiquan Village
(北水泉村) | |
Station Class | Third Class | - | |
Raliway Line | Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway | ✓ | |
Gantang-Wuwei Railway | |||
Lanzhou-Zhangye Railway | ✓ | ||
Service | Passenger Transporting | ✓ | ✓ |
Luggage Service | |||
Courier Service | |||
Others | Original Name: Huazangsi Railway Station | Under construction, expected to be put into operation in June 2024;
High-speed Railway Station |
Highway
Footnotes
- ISBN 978-7-5037-7894-0.
- ^ Silk Road, North China, C Michael Hogan, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A Burnham
- ISBN 978-7-5085-0832-0.
- ^ Juhl, Susanne (1998). "Burial Sites in Hexi". In Atabaki, Touraj; O'Kane, John (eds.). Post-Soviet Central Asia. Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 370–371.
- ^ Hill (2015), p. 45.
- ^ Chih-i Chou, William Thornton Dean, Phanerozoic Geology of Northwest China, 1996,
316 pages ISBN 90-6764-228-2
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ 武威 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ Eschmeyer, W. N.; R., Fricke, eds. (3 December 2015). "Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "武威市人民政府 普查数据 武威市第七次全国人口普查公报[1]". www.gswuwei.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ a b "第五次人口普查公报——甘肃 - 国家统计局". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ a b c d "武威市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报_中国统计信息网". www.cnstats.org. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
- ^ "天祝藏族自治县人民政府 人口情况 人口分布". www.gstianzhu.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ a b c "武威市人口普查数据 第五、六、七次人口普查武威市人口-59城市迷". 2023-07-15. Archived from the original on 2023-07-15. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ https://tjj.gansu.gov.cn/tjj/c117468/info_disp.shtml
- ^ "武威市人民政府 统计年鉴". www.gswuwei.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ "甘肃省统计年鉴".
- ^ "中国铁路12306网站". www.12306.cn. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
References
- Hill, John E. (2015) Through the Jade Gate to Rome - China to Rome. CreateSpace, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1500696702.
External links
- Official website of Wuwei government Archived 2008-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
- Gansu Province Official Website Archived 2013-07-16 at the Wayback Machine