X band

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This article is about the microwave spectrum. For the Super NES and Sega Genesis online adapter, see XBAND. For the extension to the mediumwave broadcast band, see AM expanded band. For the radiation band that is not RF, see X-ray. For musical artists using the name X, see X (disambiguation).
IEEE X band
Frequency range
8.0 – 12.0
cm
Related bands
Radio bands
ITU
1 (ELF) 2 (SLF) 3 (ULF) 4 (VLF)
5 (LF) 6 (MF) 7 (HF) 8 (VHF)
9 (UHF) 10 (SHF) 11 (EHF) 12 (THF)
EU / NATO / US ECM
IEEE
Other TV and radio

The X band is the designation for a band of

wireless computer networks
.

Radar

See also:
AN/TPY-2, AN/SPY-3, and AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel
An X-Band marine radar antenna on a ship.

X band is used in radar applications including

vehicle speed detection for law enforcement.[1]

X band is often used in modern radars. The shorter

high-resolution imaging radars for target identification and discrimination. X band weather radars offer significant potential for short range observations, but the loss of signal strength (attenuation) under rainy conditions limits their use at longer range.[2]

Terrestrial communications and networking

X band 10.15 to 10.7 GHz segment is used for terrestrial

cable internet to customers, uses some X band frequencies. The home / Business CPE
has a single coaxial cable with a power adapter connecting to an ordinary cable modem. The local oscillator is usually 9750 MHz, the same as for Ku band satellite TV LNB. Two way applications such as broadband typically use a 350 MHz TX offset.

Space communications

Further information: X Band Satellite Communication

Space communications for science and research

DSS-43 70 meter X-band spacecraft communication antenna at the Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
, Australia.

Small portions of the X band are assigned by the

Madrid, Spain, and provide continual communications from the Earth to almost any point in the Solar System independent of Earth rotation. (DSN stations are also capable of using the older and lower S band deep-space radio communications allocations, and some higher frequencies on a more-or-less experimental basis, such as in the K band
.)

Notable deep

Cassini-Huygens Saturn orbiter.[4]

An important use of the X band communications came with the two

General Theory of Relativity. These results are some of the best confirmations of the General Theory of Relativity.[citation needed
]

The new European double Mars Mission ExoMars will also use X band communication, on the instrument LaRa, to study the internal structure of Mars, and to make precise measurements of the rotation and orientation of Mars by monitoring two-way Doppler frequency shifts between the surface platform and Earth. It will also detect variations in angular momentum due to the redistribution of masses, such as the migration of ice from the polar caps to the atmosphere.[citation needed]

X band NATO frequency requirements

The

NATO nations negotiated the NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA).[5]

(a) (b) (c) (d)
7250-7750
MHz 		FIXED
FIXED-SATELLlTE (s-E),
MOBILE-SATELLlTE (s-E)
(S5.461) 		1. Essential military requirements for satellite downlinks; the mobile satellite sub-band 7250-7300 MHz is for naval and land mobile earth stations.
2. Military requirement for fixed systems in some countries. 		1. This is a harmonised NATO band type 1 for satellite downlinks.

2. 7250-7300 MHz is paired with 7975-8025 MHz for the MOBILE-SATELLlTE allocation.
3. The FIXED and MOBILE services are not to be implemented in the band 7250-7300 MHz in most NATO countries, including ITU Region 2.
4. In the band 7300-7750 MHz the transportable

earth stations
cannot claim protection from the other services.

7750-7900
MHz		 FIXED Military requirements for existing NATO fixed systems in some countries.
7900-8400
MHz 		FIXED-SATELLlTE (E-s),
MOBILE-SATELLlTE (E-s) (S5.461),
FIXED
Earth exploration-satellite
(s-E)
(S5.462A),
 1. Essential military requirements for satellite uplinks; the mobile satellite sub-band 7975-8025 MHz is for naval and land mobile satellite earth stations.
2. Military requirement for earth exploration satellite (downlink) purposes in the band 8025-8400 MHz.
3. Military requirement for fixed systems in some countries. 		1. This is a harmonised NATO band type 1 for satellite uplinks.
2. 7975-8025 MHz is paired with 7250-7300 MHz for the MOBILE-SATELLlTE allocation.
3. The FIXED and MOBILE services are not to be implemented in 7975-8025 MHz in most NATO countries, including ITU Region 2.
4. In the bands 7900-7975 and 8025-8400 MHz the transportable earth stations must not cause harmful interference to other services.
8500 MHz-
10.5 GHz
RADIOLOCATION
Radiolocation		 Military requirement for land, airborne and naval radars. Harmonised NATO band type 2 in selected sub-bands is desirable.

Amateur radio

The Radio Regulations of the

amateur satellite operations are allowed in the range 10.450 to 10.500 GHz. This is known as the 3-centimeter band by amateurs and the X-band by AMSAT
.

Other uses

Motion detectors often use 10.525 GHz.[7] 10.4 GHz is proposed for traffic light crossing detectors. Comreg in Ireland has allocated 10.450 GHz for Traffic Sensors as SRD.[8]

Many electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometers operate near 9.8 GHz.

RF sources. The frequencies are then standardized at 11.9942 GHz (Europe) or 11.424 GHz (US),[9][10] which is the second harmonic of C-band and fourth harmonic of S-band. The European X-band frequency is used for the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)
.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Radar Bands". www.everythingweather.com.
  2. ^ Matrosov, S.Y., Kennedy, P.C. and Cifelli, R., 2014. Experimentally based estimates of relations between X-band radar signal attenuation characteristics and differential phase in rain. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 31(11), pp.2442-2450.
  3. ^ "Broadband Wireless". Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  4. ^ "Radio Science Subsystem (RSS)". NASA Science Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  5. ^ "NATO Joint Civil/Military Frequency Agreement (NJFA)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
  6. ^ "VHF Handbook of IARU Region 1 (2006), pg. 50" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009.
  7. ^ "10GHz wideband transceiver". www.g3pho.free-online.co.uk.
  8. ^ "Radio Spectrum". Archived from the original on March 18, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
  9. ^ F. Peauger, A. Hamdi, S. Curt, S. Doebert, G. McMonagle, G. Rossat, K.M. Schirm, I. Syratchev, L. Timeo, S. Kuzikhov, A.A. Vikharev, A. Haase, D. Sprehn, A. Jensen, E.N. Jongewaard, C.D. Nantista and A. Vlieks: A 12 GHz RF POWER SOURC E FOR THE CLIC STUDY
  10. ^ "Performance Comparison of S-band, C-band, and X-band RF Linac based XFELs" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-10.

External links

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