Xanthoparmelia

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"Namakwa" redirects here. For the District Municipality in South Africa, see Namakwa District Municipality.

Xanthoparmelia
Xanthoparmelia conspersa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Parmeliaceae
Genus: Xanthoparmelia
(
Vain.) Hale
(1974)
Type species
Ach.) Hale
(1974)
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Parmelia sect. Xanthoparmelia Vain. (1890)
  • Almbornia Essl. (1981)
  • Chondropsis
    Nyl.
    (1869)
  • Chondropsis Nyl. ex
    Cromb.
    (1879)
  • Karoowia Hale (1989)
  • Namakwa Hale (1988)
  • Neofuscelia Essl. (1978)
  • Omphalodiella Henssen (1991)
  • Parmelia sect. Xanthoparmelia Vain. (1890)
  • Paraparmelia Elix & J.Johnst. (1986)
  • Placoparmelia Henssen (1992)
  • Xanthomaculina Hale (1985)

Xanthoparmelia (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.[2][3]: 134  Xanthoparmelia is synonymous with Almbornia, Neofuscelia, Chondropsis, Namakwa, Paraparmelia, and Xanthomaculina.[4] This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador.

The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The

photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is Trebouxia (a genus of green algae
).

Identification

Distinguishing between species involves how much they are attached to the substrate, whether or not isidia are present, lower surface color, and chemical spot tests.[3]: 134  All members of the genus react to spot test as K−, KC+ yellow, with medulla reaction varying from species to species.[3]: 134 

Species

Main article: List of Xanthoparmelia species

Species include:

Taxonomy

Xanthoparmelia was originally conceived of as a section of the genus Parmelia by Brazilian lichenologist Edvard August Vainio in 1890, to accommodate yellow species with narrow lobes.[7] Mason Hale considered that the combination of traits including the presence of the cortical pigment usnic acid, and the microscopic structure of the upper cortex were sufficient criteria to segregate Xanthoparmelia from the genus Parmelia. He formally transferred 93 species, including the type, Xanthoparmelia conspersa.[8]

In a 2004 study,

ascospores, was synonymised with Xanthoparmelia when it was shown that its species cluster in different clades nested within Xanthoparmelia.[11] The genus Omphalodiella, proposed by Aino Henssen in 1991 to contain the Patagonian species Omphalodiella patagonica,[12] has since been shown to lie within Xanthoparmelia.[13]

Gallery

References

  1. Species Fungorum
    . Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  2. hdl:11577/3440801
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
  4. ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009.
  5. ISBN 978-0-85546-095-2
    .
  6. ^ Hale Jr, M.E. 1984. New species of Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon. 20(1):73-79
  7. ^ Vainio, E. (1890). Lichens of Brazil. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). Vol. 7. Helsinki: Heredum J. Simelii. p. 60.
  8. ^ Hale, Mason E. (1974). "Bulbothrix, Parmelina, Relicina, Xanthoparmelia, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae (Lichenes)". Phytologia. 28 (5): 479–490.
  9. JSTOR 4135563
    .
  10. doi:10.18968/jhbl.100.0_797
    .
  11. doi:10.1071/SB09055
    .
  12. S2CID 83881337
    .
  13. S2CID 83922972
    .
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