Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe are
Y-chromosome
found in European populations.
Frequencies in European ethnic groups
The table below shows the
human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups, based on relevant studies, for various ethnic[dubious ] and other notable groups from Europe. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations shown in the first two columns; the third column gives the sample size studied; and the other columns give the percentage for each particular haplogroup (ethnic groups from the North Caucasus, although technically located in Europe, are considered in their own article where they are placed alongside populations of the South Caucasus
for the purpose of conserving space).
Note: The converted frequency of Haplogroup 2, including modern haplogroups I, G and sometimes J from some old studies conducted before 2004 may lead to unsubstantial[clarification needed] frequencies below.
Population | Language[1] | n | R1b |
R1a |
I |
E1b1b |
J | G |
N |
T |
Others | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 51 | 17.6% | 9.8% | 19.6% | 21.57% | 23.53% | 2.0% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Semino2000[2] | |
Albanians (Pristina) | IE (Albanian) | 114 | 21.10% | 4.42% | 7.96% | 47.40% | 16.7% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1.77% | Pericic2005[3] |
Albanians (Tirana) | IE (Albanian) | 30 | 13.3% | 13.3% | 16.7% | 23.3% | 20.0% | 3.3% | Bosch2006[4] | |||
Albanians (Tirana) | IE (Albanian) | 55 | 18.2% | 9.1% | 21.8% | 25.4% | 23.5% | 1.8% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Battaglia2008[5] | |
Albanians (North Macedonia) | IE (Albanian) | 64 | 18.8% | 1.6% | 17.2% | 39.1% | 22% | 1.6% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Battaglia2008[5] | |
Albanians (Tirana and North Macedonia) | IE (Albanian) | 119 | 18.50% | 5.05% | 19.33% | 32.8% | 22.70% | 1.7% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Battaglia2008[5] | |
Albanians | IE (Albanian) | 223 | 18.39% | 4.04% | 13% | 35.43% | 23.77% | 2.69% | 0 | 0.9% | 1.79% | Sarno2015[6] |
Arkhangelsk (Russia) | IE (Slavic), Uralic | 28 | 0 | 17.9% | 50.0% | 3.6% | 0 | 0% | 28.6% | 0 | 0 | Mirabal2009[7] |
Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 29 | 65.52% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 6.9% | L=3.4 | Semino2000[2] | |||
Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 103 | 3.9% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Andalusians | IE (Italic) | 76 | 9.2% | 1.1% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
Armenians | IE (Armenian) | 413 | 29.06% | 1.7% | 3.63% | 5.09% | 36.07% | 9.44% | 0.24% | 8.48% | Q=0.24% 1/413 |
Herrara2012 |
Aromuns (Dukasi, Albania) | IE (Italic) | 39 | 2.56% | 2.56% | 17.95% | 17.95% | 48.72% | 10.26% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Aromuns (Andon Poci, Albania) | IE (Italic) | 19 | 36.84% | 0.0 | 42.11% | 15.79% | 5.26% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Aromuns (Kruševo, Macedonia) | IE (Italic) | 43 | 27.91% | 11.63% | 20.93% | 20.93% | 11.63% | 6.98% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Aromuns (Štip, Macedonia) | IE (Italic) | 65 | 23.08% | 21.54% | 16.92% | 18.46% | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Aromuns (Romania) | IE (Italic) | 42 | 23.81% | 2.38% | 19.05% | 7.14% | 33.33% | 0.0% | Bosch2006[4] | |||
Aromuns Balkan) | IE (Italic) | 208[nb 1] | 21.63% | 10.1% | 20.67% | 16.35% | 25% | 3.37% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Ashkenazi Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 79 | 12.7% | 22.8% | 43.04% | Nebel2001[10] | ||||||
Ashkenazi Jews | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 442 | 4.1 | 19.7 | 38.01% | 9.7% | 0.2% | Behar2004[11] | ||||
Austrians | IE (Germanic, West) | 1,017 | 44% | 10.8% | 21.5% | 8.6% | 10.9% | 9% | [12][13][14] | |||
Bashkirs (Perm) | Turkic | 43 | 86.05% | 9.3% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.33% | 2.33% | 0.0 | Lobov[15] | |
Basque
|
Basque (Basque) | 67 | 88.06 | 0.0 | 7.46% | 2.2% | 1.0% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Semino2000[2] | |
Basque
|
Basque (Basque) | 109 | 92.66% | 0.92% | 3.67% | 0.92% | Adams2008[16] | |||||
Bavarians | IE (Germanic, West) | 80 | 50.0% | 15.0% | 8.0% | 5.0% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Rosser2000[17] | |||
Belgians | IE (Germanic/Italic) | 92 | 63.04% | 4.0% | 2.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 41 | 0.0 | 39.0% | 10.0% | 2.4% | Rosser2000[17] | |||||
Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 147 | 19.0% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 68 | 4.4% | 45.6% | 25.0% | 4.4% | 1.5% | 8.8% | Kharkov2005[18] | |||
Belarusians | IE (Slavic, East) | 306 | 4.2% | 51.0% | 4.6% | 3.3% | 9.5% | Behar2003[19] | ||||
Bearnais | IE (Italic) | 26 | 7.7% | 3.8% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
Bearnais | IE (Italic) | 43 | 3.7% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Bosnians (Zenica) | IE (Slavic, South) | 69 | 1.4% | 24.6% | 53.65%[nb 2] | 10.14% | 0.0 | 4.35% | Pericic2005[3] | |||
Bosniaks | IE (Slavic, South) | 85 | 4% | 15% | 49% | 13% | 12% | 4% | 4% | Marjanovcic2006 | ||
British | IE (Germanic, West) | 32 | 68.75% | 9.38% | Helgason2000[20] | |||||||
Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 127 | 11.0% | 17.3% | 27.5% | 19.7% | 18.1% | 1.6% | 0.8% | Karachanak2009[21] | ||
Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 808 | 10.7% | 17.5% | 26.6% | 22.1% | 13.9% | 4.8% | 0.5% | 1.6% | C=0.5 H=0.6 L=0.2 Q=0.4 R2a=0.1 |
Karachanak2013[22] |
Bulgarians | IE (Slavic, South) | 100 | 14.0% | 16.0% | 34.0% | 21.0% | 9.0% | 2.0% | 1.0% | 2.0% | H=1.0% | Begoña Martinez-Cruz2012[23] |
Bulgarians (Pomaks) | IE (Slavic, South) | 17 | 23% | - | 53% | 18% | 6% | - | - | - | Family Tree DNA - Bulgarian DNA Project.[24] | |
Catalans
|
IE (Italic) | 24 | 79.2% | 0.0% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 4.2% | 8.0% | Rootsi2004[8] | |||
Catalans
|
IE (Italic) | 33 | 6.1% | 3.6% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
Cantabrians (Pasiegos) | IE (Italic) | 56 | 42.9% | Cruciani2004[25] | ||||||||
Chuvashes
|
Turkic | 79 | 3.8% | 31.6% | 11.3% | 0 | 24.2% | 0 | 27.8% | 0 | Tambets2004[26] | |
Croats (Bosnia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 90 | 2.22% | 12.22% | 73.33% | 8.90% | 2.22% | 1.11% | Battaglia2008[5] | |||
Croats (Osijek) | IE (Slavic, South) | 29 | 37.93% | 27.59% | 10.35% | 10.35% | 13.79% | Battaglia2008[5] | ||||
Croats (Bosnia), +(Osijek) | IE (Slavic, South) | 119 | 1.68% | 18.49% | 62.19% | 9.24% | 4.2% | 4.2% | Battaglia2008[5] | |||
Croats (Split) | IE (Slavic, South) | 26% | Underhill 2009 | |||||||||
Croats (Zabok, Zagreb, Delnice, Donji Miholjac, Pazin) | IE (Slavic, South) | 88 | 16% | 33% | 39% | 7% | 2% | 1% | Sarac2016[27] | |||
Croats (Dubrovnik) | IE (Slavic, South) | 179 | 5% | 13% | 63% | 6% | 7% | 2% | 2% | Sarac2016[27] | ||
Croats (Zadar) | IE (Slavic, South) | 25 | 0 | 4% | 72% | 8% | 12% | 4% | Sarac2016[27] | |||
Žumberak )
|
IE (Slavic, South) | 44 | 11% | 34% | 27% | 18% | 5% | 5% | Sarac2016[27] | |||
Croats | IE (Slavic, South) | 336 | 8.33% | 20.24% | 52.98% | 8.04% | 5.96% | 1.79% | 1.49% | Sarac2016[27] | ||
Croats | IE (Slavic, South) | 1100 | 7.91% | 22.1% | 44% | 10.73% | 7.37% | 2.73% | 0.64% | 0.64% | H=1.82% Q=0.73% | Mrsic2011[28] |
proper )
|
IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 31.82% | 23.64% | 39.09% | 11.82% | 8.64% | 3.64% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||
Croats (North of north proper) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 29% | 32% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
Croats (Slavonia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 19% | 46% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
Croats (Dalmatia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 19% | 60% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
proper )
|
IE (Slavic, South) | 220 | 20% | 46% | Mrsic2011[28] | |||||||
Croats | IE (Slavic, South) | 1555 | 7.52% | 21.41% | 47.33% | 10.03% | 6.82% | 2.63% | 0.45% | 0.45% | H 1.29% 20/1555 Q 0.51% 8/1555 |
Battaglia2008[5] Sarac2016[27] Mrsic2011[28] |
Croats (mainland) | IE (Slavic, South) | 189 | 38.1% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Czechs | IE (Slavic, West) | 257 | 34.2% | 18.3% | 5.8% | 4.7% | 5.1% | 1.6% | Luca2007[29] | |||
Czechs and Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 45 | 35.6% | 26.7% | 2.2% | Semino2000[2] | ||||||
Czechs and Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 198 | 13.6% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Danes
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 12 | 31.67% | 16.67% | 43.33% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
Danes
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 194 | 38.7% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Danes
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 35 | 2.9% | Cruciani2004[25] | ||||||||
Dutch | IE (Germanic, West) | 410 | 50.2% | 3.3% | 32.9% | 2.9% | 5.1% | 4.1% | 0.2% | Barjesteh2008[30] | ||
Dutch | IE (Germanic, West) | 2085 | 57.9% | 4.0% | 27.8% | 2.6% | 3.5% | 2.7 | 0.05% | 0.7% | A=0.1, H=0.2, L=0.05, O=0.1, Q=0.3 | Altena2020[31] |
English (Central) | IE (Germanic, West) | 215 | 61.9% | 5% | 25% | Weale2002[32] | ||||||
English | IE (Germanic, West) | 1830 | 57% | 4% | 25% | 3% | 4% | 5% | FTDNA 2016[33] | |||
Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 207 | 9.0% | 3.0% | 1.0% | 40.6% | Rosser2000[17] | |||||
Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 118 | 37.3% | Laitinen2002[34] | ||||||||
Estonians | Uralic (Finnic) | 210 | 18.6% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 57 | 2.0% | 10.5% | 2.0% | 63.2% | Rosser2000[17] | |||||
Finns | Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | 0.0 | 7.9% | 28.9 | 63.2% | [26] | |||||
French | IE (Italic) | 23 | 52.2% | 0 | 17.4% | 8.7% | 4.3% | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino2000[2] | |
French | IE (Italic) | 40 | 8.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||||
Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | 56.0% | 7.0% | 29.0% | 2.0% | 6.0% | Wilson2001[35] | ||||
Frisians | IE (Germanic, West) | 94 | 55.3% | 7.4% | 34.0% | 2.1% | 1.4% | Weale2002[32] | ||||
Gagauz (Kongaz) | Turkic | 48 | 10.4% | 12.5% | 31.3% | 16.7% | 8.3% | 10.4% | 4.2% | 6.3% | Varzari2006[36] | |
Gagauz (Etulia) | Turkic | 41 | 14.6% | 26.8% | 24.4% | 9.8% | 7.3% | 17.1% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Varzari2006[36] | |
Germans
|
IE (Germanic, West) | 48 | 47.9% | 8.1% | 22% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
Germans
|
IE (Germanic, West) | 16 | 50% | 16% | 22% | 6.2% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Semino2000[2] | |
Germans
|
IE (Germanic, West) | 1215 | 38.9% | 17.9% | 23.6% | 6.2% | 4.0% | 1.6% | 7.7 | Kayser2005[37] | ||
Germans
|
IE (Germanic, West) | 3,000+ | 44% | 12% | 20% | 5% | 6% | 5% | 1% | Gabel 2013[38] | ||
Greeks | IE (Greek) | 77 | 11.7% | 15.6% | 19.5% | 20.8% | 16.9% | 9.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | F=1.3% H2=1.3% K=1.3% K2=2.6% | Firasat2007[39] |
Greeks | IE (Greek) | 118 | 22.8% | 8.3% | Helgason2000[20] | |||||||
Greeks (continental) | IE (Greek) | 154 | 13% | 12% | 18% | 24% | 20% | 5% | 8% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks (Agrinio) | IE (Greek) | 21 | 19.05% | 4.76% | 23.81% | 9.52% | 28.57% | 4.76% | 9.52% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks (Ioannina) | IE (Greek) | 24 | 16.67% | 8.33% | 8.33% | 29.17% | 20.84% | 4.17% | 12.5% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks ( Patrai )
|
IE (Greek) | 18 | 11.11% | 5.56% | 11.11% | 44.44% | 16.67% | 0.0% | 11.11% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks ( Kardhitsa )
|
IE (Greek) | 25 | 8% | 20% | 12% | 28% | 16% | 12% | 4% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks ( Serrai )
|
IE (Greek) | 25 | 12% | 8% | 36% | 24% | 16% | 4% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | |||
Greeks (Thessaloniki) | IE (Greek) | 20 | 5% | 25% | 20% | 20% | 15% | 5% | 10% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks (Larissa) | IE (Greek) | 21 | 19.05% | 9.52% | 14.29% | 14.29% | 28.57% | 4.76% | 9.52% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks (Heraklion) | IE (Greek) | 42 | 7.14% | 14.29% | 26.19% | 40.48% | 9.52% | 2.38% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | |||
Greeks (continental, ) |
IE (Greek) | 350 | 12.29% | 10.29% | 17.71 | 24.29% | 22.57% | 5.71% | 7.14% | Di Giacommo 2003[40] | ||
Greeks () | IE (Greek) | 171 | 13.45% 23/171 |
11.11% 19/171 |
15.79% 27/171 |
31.58% 54/171 |
19.88% 34/171 |
4.68% 8/171 |
1.75 3/171 |
King2008[41] | ||
Greeks (Crete) | IE (Greek) | 193 | 17.1% 33/193 |
8.81% 17/193 |
12.95% 25/193 |
8.81% 17/193 |
38.86% 75/193 |
10.88% 21/193 |
2.07% 4/193 |
King2008[41] | ||
Greeks () | IE (Greek) | 364 | 15.38% 56/364 |
9.89%% 36/364 |
14.29% 52/364 |
19.51% 71/364 |
29.95% 109/364 |
7.97% 29/364 |
1.92% 7/364 |
King2008[41] | ||
Greeks (Peloponnese) | IE (Greek) | 36 | 47.42% 17/36 |
13.89% |
Semino2004[9] | |||||||
Greeks (Thrace) | IE (Greek) | 41 | 12.2% | 22.0% | 19.5% | 19.5% | 19.5% | 4.9% | Bosch2006[4] | |||
Greeks (North) | IE (Greek) | 96 | 14.6% 14/96 |
18.8% 18/96 |
12.5% 12/96 |
35.4% 34/96 |
5.2% 5/96 |
2.1% 2/96 |
L=1% 1/96 |
Zalloua2008[42] | ||
Greeks (South) | IE (Greek) | 46 | 19.6% 9/46 |
2.2% 1/46 |
23.9% 11/46 |
43.5% 20/46 |
6.5% 3/46 |
2.2% 1/46 |
Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Greeks (North)+(South) |
IE (Greek) | 142 | 16.2% | 13.38% | 16.2% | 38.03% | 5.63% | 2.11% | L=0.70% 1/142 |
Zalloua2008[42] | ||
Greeks (Euboea) | IE (Greek) | 96 | 9% | 10% | 11% | 20% | 28% | 9% | [43] | |||
Greeks (Corinthia) | IE (Greek) | 110 | 9% | 17% | 16% | 27% | 22% | 3% | [43] | |||
Greeks ( Macedonia )
|
IE (Greek) | 57 | 14.0% | 12.8% | 29.8% | 22.9% | 15.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% | Battaglia 2008[5][44] | ||
Greeks (Athens) | IE (Greek) | 92 | 20% | 16% | 10% | 22% | 23% | 3% | 4% | C=1, L=1 | Battaglia 2008[5] | |
Greeks (Athens) | IE (Greek) | 132 | 15% | 6% | 27% | IJ+G=49%, K*=4% | Waelle 2001[45] | |||||
Greeks (Cyprus) | IE (Greek) | 629 | 11.13% | 4% | 4% | 23% | 41% | 13% | 3% | L=2%, H=1% | Voskarides 2016[46] | |
Muslim Roma (Macedonia)
|
IE (Indic) | 57 | 1.8% | 1.8% | 5.3% | 29.8% | 1.8% | H=59.6 | Pericic2005[3] | |||
Siroki Brijeg, Mostar )
|
IE (Slavic, South) | 141 | 3.55% | 12.06% | 70.92% | 8.51% | 1.42% | Pericic2005[3] | ||||
Hungarians (Hungary) | Uralic (Ugric) | 215 | 18.1% | 25.6% | 31.37% | 6.1% | 10.23% | 4.2% | 0.47% | 0.0% | H=5.12% R2=0.47% R1*=1.40% | Völgyi2008[47] |
Paloc )
|
Uralic (Ugric) | 45 | 13.3% | 60.0% | 11.1% | 8.9% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | L=2.2% | Semino2000[2] |
Hungarians (Romania) | Uralic (Ugric) | 97 | 20% | 19% | 22% | 9% | 21% | 5% | 1% | [48] | ||
Hungarians (Great Hungarian Plain) | Uralic (Ugric) | 100 | 15% | 30% | 24% | 10% | 16% | 3% | [48] | |||
Icelanders | IE (Germanic, North) | 181 | 41.44% | 23.76% | 34.25% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
Irish | IE (Germanic, West), IE (Celtic) | 222 | 81.53% | 0.45% | 14.86% | Helgason2000[20] | ||||||
Irish | IE (Germanic, West), IE (Celtic) | 257 | 2.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||||
Italians | IE (Italic) | 50 | 62.0% | 8.0% | 10.0% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||
Italians | IE (Italic) | 2.7%[20] | 13.0%[17] | |||||||||
Italians (Calabria) | IE (Italic) | 32.4%[2] | 5.4%[8] | 23%[9] | 24.6%[9] | |||||||
Italians (Apulia) | IE (Italic) | 2.6%[8] | 13.9%[9] | 31.45%[9] | ||||||||
Italians | IE (Italic) | 884 | 39% | 3% | 11% | 14% | 18% | 12% | 2% | L=2% | Boattini2013[49] | |
Italians (Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 8.8% | 27.3% | 23.8% | Semino2004[9] | |||||||
Italians (South) | IE (Italic) | 68 | 25.00% | 2.94% | 5.88% | 25.88% | 14.71% | 2.94% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Italians (East Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 87 | 19.54% | 2.3% | 4.6% | 29.19% | 4.6% | 4.6% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Italians (West Sicily) | IE (Italic) | 125 | 27.2% | 2.4% | 11.2% | 19.2% | 12.8% | 3.2% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Italians (South) | IE (Italic) | 280 | 24.29% | 2.5% | 7.86% | 23.93% | 10.71% | 3.57% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Komi | Uralic (Finnic) | 94 | 16.0 | 33.0 | 5.3 | 35.1 | [26] | |||||
Komi (Izhemsky) | Uralic (Finnic) | 54 | 0.0 | 29.6 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 68.5 | 0.0 | Mirabal2009[7] | |
Komi (Priluzsky) | Uralic (Finnic) | 49 | 2.0 | 32.7 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 61.2 | 0.0 | Mirabal2009[7] | |
Latvians | IE (Baltic) | 114 | 39.5% | 0.9% | 42.1% | Laitinen2002[34] | ||||||
Lithuanians | IE (Baltic) | 38 | 5.0% | [17] | ||||||||
Lithuanians | IE (Baltic) | 114 | 36.0% | 0.9% | 43.0% | Laitinen2002[34] | ||||||
ethnic Macedonians | IE (Slavic, South) | 211 | 11.4% | 14.2% | 31.3% | 18% | 16% | 3.8% | 0.5% | 1.9% | L=0.5 | Noveski2010[50] |
ethnic Macedonians (Skopje) | IE (Slavic, South) | 79 | 5.1% | 15.2% | 34.2% | 24.1% | 12.7% | 5.1% | Pericic2005[3] | |||
Macedonians (Skopje) | IE (Slavic, South) | 52 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 28.8 | 23.1 | 11.5 | 3.8 | Bosch2006[4] | |||
Maltese | Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) | 187 | 22.0 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 111 | 2.7 | 47.7 | 8.1 | 41.4 | [26] | |||||
Mari | Uralic (Finnic) | 48 | 10.4 | 29.2 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 50.0 | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
Moldovans | IE (Italic) | 70 | 6 | 35 | 10 | I+G=37 | Stefan2001[51] | |||||
Moldavians (Carahasani) | IE (Italic) | 72 | 16.7 | 34.7 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 9.7 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | Varzari2006[36] | |
Moldavians (Sofia) | IE (Italic) | 54 | 16.7% | 20.4% | 35.2% | 13.0% | 5.6% | 1.9% | 3.7% | 1.9% | Varzari2006[36] | |
Erzya )
|
Uralic (Finnic) | 46 | 39.1% | Malaspina2003[52] | ||||||||
Moksha )
|
Uralic (Finnic) | 46 | 21.7% | Malaspina2003[52] | ||||||||
Mordvins | Uralic (Finnic) | 83 | 13.3 | 26.5 | 19.3 | 19.3 | [26] | |||||
Norwegians | IE (Germanic, North) | 906 | 24 | 25 | 42 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | Q=3 | FTDNA[53] | |
Orcadians | IE (Germanic, West) | 71 | 66.0 | 19.7 | Wilson2001[35] | |||||||
Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 16.4[2] | 56.4[2] | 17.8[8] | 4.0[9] | 1.0[9] | ||||||
Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 93 | 13.4 | 55.9 | 16.1 | 3.2 | [26] | |||||
Poles | IE (Slavic, West) | 913 | 11.6 | 57.0 | 17.3 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | Kayser2005[37] | ||
Portuguese | IE (Italic) | 303 | 5.3% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Portuguese (South) | IE (Italic) | 57 | 56.0% | 2.0% | 17.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
Portuguese (North) | IE (Italic) | 328 | 62.0 | 0 | 11.0 | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
Buhusi, Piatra Neamț )
|
IE (Italic) | 54 | 13.0 | 20.4 | 48.1 | 7.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Varzari2006[36] | |
Romanians | IE (Italic) | 361 | 22.2 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Constanţa )
|
IE (Italic) | 31 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 41.9 | 9.7 | 6.5 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Ploieşti )
|
IE (Italic) | 36 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 38.9 | 16.7 | 19.4 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | Bosch2006[4] | |
Romanians | IE (Italic) | 179 | 10.1 | 20.1 | 27.9 | 19.6 | 18.4 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | Q=0.6 | Martinez-Cruz 2012[23] |
Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 122 | 6.6 | 46.7 | 6.6 | 4.1 | 18.0 | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
Russians | IE (Slavic, East) | 61 | 21.3 | 42.6 | 13.1 | 16.4 | [26] | |||||
Russians (Kursk) | IE (Slavic, East) | 40 | 7.5 | 52.5 | 15.0 | 10.0 | 2.5 | 0 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | Mirabal2009[7] |
Russians (Northern) | IE (Slavic, East) | 380 | 6.1% | 33.4% | 14.5% | 0.3% | 1.8% | 1.3% | 41.3% | 0.0% | Balanovsky2008[54] | |
Central )
|
IE (Slavic, East) | 364 | 7.7% | 47.0% | 16.5% | 5.2% | 3.3% | 0.0 | 17.0% | 0.8% | Balanovsky2008[54] | |
Russians (Adygea) | IE (Slavic, East) | 78 | 24.4 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Russians (Bashkortostan) | IE (Slavic, East) | 50 | 6.0 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Russians ( Belgorod region )
|
IE (Slavic, East) | 143 | 2.8 | 59.4 | 16.7 | Balanovsky[54] | ||||||
Russians (Cossacks) | IE (Slavic, East) | 97 | 22.7 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Russians ( Kostroma region )
|
IE (Slavic, East) | 53 | 18.9 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Russians (North, Pinega) | IE (Slavic, East) | 127 | 4.7 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Russians ( Smolensk region )
|
IE (Slavic, East) | 120 | 10.8 | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Ruthenians (Vojvodina) | IE (Slavic) | 44% | [55] | |||||||||
Sami (Sweden)
|
Uralic (Finnic) | 38 | 7.9% | 15.8% | 31.6% | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 44.7% | 0.0 | Karlsson2006[56] | |
Sami
|
Uralic (Finnic) | 127 | 3.9 | 11.0 | 47.2 | [26] | ||||||
Sami
|
Uralic (Finnic) | 31.4 | Rootsi2004[8] | |||||||||
Sardinians (Sardinia , Italy)
|
IE (Italic) | 22.1[2] | 42.3[8] | 5.0[9] | 12.5[9] | |||||||
Sardinians (Northern Sardinia)
|
IE (Italic) | 86 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 28.0 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Sardinians (Southern Sardinia)
|
IE (Italic) | 187 | 19.0 | 1.0 | 35.0 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Scots | IE (Germanic, West) | 750 | 72.53% | 8.53% | 14% | |||||||
Sephardic Jews | IE (Italic) | 78 | 29.5% | 3.9% | 11.5% | 19.2% | 28.2% | Nebel2001[10] | ||||
Serbs and South Slavs | IE (Slavic, South) | 1092 | 5% | 20% | 43% | 14% | 11% | 4% | 3% | - | Q=1% | Serb DNA Project 2016[57] |
Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 267 | 3% | 26% | 39% | 15% | 9% | 5% | 2% | — | Serb DNA Project 2014[58] | |
Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 179 | 4.5% | 14.5% | 38.5% | 17.3% | 5.6% | 2.2% | 3.3% | H=2.2, Q=1.7, L=0.6 | Mirabal,V.2010[59] | |
Serbs (Vojvodina )
|
IE (Slavic, South) | 185 | 10.3% | 15.1% | 35.1% | 16.2% | 11.4% | 3.2% | H=2.7 Q=1.1 others=4.9 | Veselinovic 2008[60] | ||
Serbs (Belgrade) | IE (Slavic, South) | 113 | 10.6% | 15.9% | 36.3% | 21.2% | 8% | Pericic2005[3] | ||||
Aleksandrovac , Serbia)
|
IE (Slavic, South) | 85 | 1.17% | 21.1% | 41.1% | 15.2% | 9.40% | 10.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | Todorovic2013 | |
Serbs | IE (Slavic, South) | 103 | 7.8% | 20.4% | 37.9% | 18.4% | 7.8% | 5.8% | 1.9% | Regueiro2012[61] | ||
Serbs (Bosnia) | IE (Slavic, South) | 81 | 6.2% | 13.6% | 40.7% | 22.2% | 9.9% | 1.2% | 6.2% | 0.0% | Battaglia2008[5] | |
Slovaks (Vojvodina) | IE (Slavic, West) | 42% | [55] | |||||||||
Slovaks | IE (Slavic, West) | 250 | 13.2% | 38% | 27.6% | 7.2% | 3.6% | 4% | 2.4% | 0.4 | Sotak[62] | |
Slovenians | IE (Slavic, South) | 75 | 21.3% | 38.7% | 30.7% | 2.7% | 4.0% | 2.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | Battaglia2008[5] | |
Slovenian | IE (Slavic, South) | 70 | 37.1% | 7.1% | 5.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
Slovenian | IE (Slavic, South) | 55 | 38.2% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Spanish
|
IE (Italic) | 126 | 68.0% | 2.0% | 10.0% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||||
Spanish
|
IE (Italic) | 2121 | 67.3% | 1.6% | 7.2% | 8.9% | 9.8% | 3.2% | -- | 1.3% | 0.8% | Martinez2016[63] |
Ibiza islanders | IE (Italic) | 54 | 57.4% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 7.4% | 13.0% | 16.7% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Majorca islanders
|
IE (Italic) | 62 | 66.1% | 0.0% | 8.1% | 6.2% | 6.2% | 1.6% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Menorca islanders | IE (Italic) | 37 | 73.0% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 18.9% | 0.0 | 0.0 | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Spanish (South)
|
IE (Italic) | 162 | 65.0% | 2.0% | 6.0% | 9.0% | 4.0% | 0.0% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Valencians
|
IE (Italic) | 73 | 64.0% | 3.0% | 10.0% | 11.%0 | 1.0% | 1.0% | Zalloua2008[42] | |||
Swedes (Northern)
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 48 | 22.9% | 18.8% | 2.1% | 2.1% | 8.3% | Rosser2000[17] | ||||
Swedes
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 1800+ | 21% | 18% | 45% | 1% | 1% | 3% | 2% | - | Q=3 | FTDNA 2016[64] |
Swedes
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 110 | 20.0% | 17.3% | Helgason2000[20] | |||||||
Swedes
|
IE (Germanic, North) | 225 | 40% | Rootsi2004[8] | ||||||||
Swedes | IE (Germanic, North) | 160 | 13.1% | 24.4% | 37.5% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 14.4% | Lappalainen2008[65] | |||
Swiss | IE (German/Italic) | 606 | 55% | 4% | 16% | 7% | 6% | 9% | 0% | 0% | K=1 | Zieger 2020[66] |
Tatars | Turkic | 126 | 8.7% | 24.1% | 4.0% | 33.0% | [26] | |||||
Turks | Turkic | 523 | 16% | 7% | 5% | 11% | 33% | 11% | 4% | 2% | L=4, Q=2, C=1, R2=1, H=1, A+DE*+R*+O = 2 | Cinnioglu 2004[67] |
Turks (Istanbul) | Turkic | 81 | 15% | 9% | 10% | 12% | 27% | 7% | 2% | 4% | L=5, C=4, DE*=5 | Cinnioglu 2004 |
Turks (Bulgaria) | Turkic | 63 | 8% | 10% | 19% | 13% | 24% | 6% | 5% | H=11, Q=3 | Zaharova 2001 | |
Udmurt
|
Uralic (Finnic) | 87 | 2.3% | 10.35% | 1.1% | 85.06% | [26] | |||||
Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 759 | 7.9% | 43.2% | 27.2% | 7.4% | 3.8% | 3% | 5.4% | 1.3% | 0.8% | Kushniarevich2015[68] |
Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 21.9%[8] | 8.6%[9] | 7.3%[9] | ||||||||
Ukrainians | IE (Slavic, East) | 53 | 18.9% | 41.5% | 24.5% | 9.4% | 0.0% | 5.7% | 0.0% | Varzari2006[36] | ||
Welsh (Anglesey) | IE (Celtic) | 88 | 88.64% | 1.0% | 3.0% | Wilson2001[35] | ||||||
Welsh (Anglesey) | IE (Celtic) | 196 | 8.1% | Rootsi2004[8] |
Notes
Chronological development of haplogroups
Haplogroup | Possible time of origin | Possible place of origin | |
E | 69,000 years ago[70][71] | East Africa[72] or West Asia[73] | 38–59,000 years ago |
D | 68,300 years ago | Asia | |
C | c. 53,000 years ago | Asia | >35,000 years ago[74]>[75] |
F |
38–56,000 years ago[citation needed] | ||
IJ | 30–46,000 years ago | ||
K |
40–54,000 years ago[citation needed] | ||
E-M215 (E1b1b) |
31–46,000 years ago[76] | 39–55,000 years ago[citation needed] | |
P | 27–41,000 years ago | ||
J | 19–44,500 years ago[72] | ||
R | 20–34,000 years ago | ||
I | Balkans | 15–30,000 years ago | |
R-M173 |
13–26,000 years ago | ||
I-M438 | 28–33,000 years ago[77] | 16–20,000 years ago | |
E-M35 | 20–30,000 years ago[76] | 15–21,000 years ago | |
J-M267 | 15–34,000[72] years ago | ||
R-M420 (R1a) |
25,000 years ago[78] | Eurasia (Iran?[79]) | 8–10,000 years ago |
R-M343 (R1b) |
22,000 years ago[80] | West Asia[81] | |
N | at least 21,000 years ago (STR age)[82] | ||
I-M253 | 11–21,000[83] or 28–33,000 years ago[77] | 3–5,000 years ago | |
J-M172 | 15–22,000[72] years ago | 19–24,000 years ago[69] | |
E-M78 | 15–20,000[76] or 17,500–20,000 years ago[84] | Northeast Africa[84] | at least 17,000 years ago[84] |
E-V12 | 12,500–18,000 years ago[84] | ||
R-M17 |
13 ,000[85] or 18,000 years ago[86] | India | |
I-L460 | present 13,000 years ago[87] | ||
I-M223 | 11–18,000 years ago[83] | ||
E-V13 | 7–17,000 years ago[84] | West Asia[84] | 5–9,000 years ago (Balkan) 4–4,700 years ago (Europe) 6,800–17,000 years ago (Asia)[84] |
R-Z280 | 11–14,000 years ago[44] | ||
N-M46 | at least 12,000 years ago (STR age)[82] | ||
R-M458 | 11,000 years ago[44] | ||
I-P37 | 6–16,000,[83] present 10,000 years ago[88] | ||
I-M423 | present 10,000 years ago[88] | ||
I-M26 | 2–17,000,[83] present 8,000 years ago[88] | ||
R-M269 | 5,500–8,000 years ago[89] | ||
R-L11, R-S116 | 3–5,000 years ago |
See also
- Europe
- Y-DNA haplogroups by population
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Oceania
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Central and North Asia
- Y-DNA haplogroups in indigenous peoples of the Americas
References
- ^ IE = Indo-European
- ^ PMID 11073453.
- ^ PMID 15944443.
- ^ S2CID 23156886.
- ^ PMID 19107149.
- PMID 26130483.
- ^ PMID 19259129.
- ^ hdl:10062/1252.[page needed]
- ^ PMID 15069642.
- ^ PMID 11573163.
- S2CID 10310338.
- PMID 24917567.
- S2CID 10160605.
- PMID 22848647.
- ^ Lobov AS (2007). P1135: Y chromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia. European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG).
- PMID 16026953.
- ^ PMID 11078479.
- S2CID 1357824.
- PMID 13680527.
- ^ PMID 10931763.
- .
- PMID 23483890.
- ^ PMID 22848614.
- ^ "Family Tree DNA - Bulgarian DNA Project". www.familytreedna.com.
- ^ PMID 15042509.
- ^ PMID 15024688.
- ^ S2CID 25873634.
- ^ S2CID 18011987.
- PMID 17078035.
- )
- ^ Altena, E., Smeding, R., van der Gaag, K.J. et al. The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape. Eur J Hum Genet 28, 287–299 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0
- ^ PMID 12082121.
- ^ "British Isles DNA Project".
- ^ S2CID 29863635.
- ^ PMID 11287634.
- ^ a b c d e f Varzari A (2006). Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
- ^ S2CID 11066186.
- ^ "Distribution of Y-DNA haplogroups".
- PMID 17047675.
- ^ PMID 12927125.
- ^ S2CID 22406638.
- ^ PMID 18976729.
- ^ a b Anagnostou P (2011). The Genetic Signature of Neolithic in Greece (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). University of Bologna.
- ^ PMID 19888303.
- S2CID 23113666.
- PMID 26870315.
- PMID 19215861.
- ^ S2CID 13217908.
- PMID 23734255.
- S2CID 45263766. Archived from the original(PDF) on 22 July 2011.
- PMID 11175296.
- ^ a b Malaspina et al. (2003).
- ^ "Norway DNA Project".
- ^ PMID 18179905.
- ^ PMID 24315599.
- PMID 16724001.
- ^ "Почетна - Српски ДНК пројекат" [Home - Serbian DNA project] (in Serbian). 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
- ^ "Компаративни аналитички осврт на најновија генетска истраживања порекла Срба и становништва Србије – етнолошка перспектива" [Comparative analytical review of the latest genetic research of the origin of Serbs and the population of Serbia - ethnological perspective] (PDF) (in Serbian). Retrieved 2016-09-26.
- PMID 20091845.
- PMID 17482396.
- PMID 22310393.
- ^ Sotak, Niro (April 2013). "The genetic structure of the Slovak population revealed by Y-chromosome polymorphisms". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Martinez-Cadenas, C., Blanco-Verea, A., Hernando, B. et al. The relationship between surname frequency and Y chromosome variation in Spain. Eur J Hum Genet 24, 120–128 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2015.75
- ^ "Svenska Haplogruppdatabasen". dna.scangen.se.
- S2CID 32079904.
- ^ Martin Zieger & Silvia Utz (2020) The Y-chromosomal haplotype and haplogroup distribution of modern Switzerland still reflects the alpine divide as a geographical barrier for human migration FSI Genetics, Volume 48, 102345, September 01, 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102345
- S2CID 10763736.
- PMID 26332464.
- ^ PMID 25988751.
- ^ PMID 18385274.
- PMID 24256729.
- ^ PMID 15069642.
- PMID 19920170.
- S2CID 206632421.
- PMID 27135931.
- ^ PMID 26108492.
- ^ a b Underhill PA, Myres NM, Rootsi S, Chow CE, Lin AA, Otillar RP, King R, Zhivotovsky LA, Balanovsky O, Pshenichnov A, Ritchie KH (2007). "New phylogenetic relationships for Y-chromosome haplogroup I: reappraising its phylogeography and prehistory.". In Mellars P, Boyle K, Bar-Yosef O, Stringer C (eds.). Rethinking the Human Revolution. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute Monographs. pp. 33–42.
- ^ 95% CI: 21, 300–29, 000 BP (Underhill et al. 2015)
- PMID 24667786.
The initial episodes of haplogroup R1a diversification likely occurred in the vicinity of present-day Iran.
- ^ "R1b1* DNA Project". Family Tree DNA. Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007.
- ^ Myres2010
- ^ PMID 23840409.
- ^ PMID 15162323.
- ^ PMID 17351267.
- PMID 19158816.
- ^ Evatt D (1 November 2013). "The Evatt Clan: A Worldwide Historical Review of the Evatt Family Surname". Danny Evatt – via Google Books.
- PMID 26567969.
- ^ a b c "Mesolithic Western Eurasian DNA". Ancestral Journeys. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018.
- PMID 21720564.
External links
- "Map of Y Haplogroups" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2009.
- Distribution of European Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups by country in percentage. 2004-2021 Eupedia
- "Y-DNA Ethnographic and Genographic Atlas and Open-Source Data Compilation". Archived from the original on 15 June 2013.