Yambol
Yambol
Ямбол | ||
---|---|---|
Town | ||
License plate Y | | |
Website | www |
Yambol (Bulgarian: Ямбол [ˈjamboɫ]) is a city in Southeastern Bulgaria and administrative centre of Yambol Province. It lies on both banks of the Tundzha river in the historical region of Thrace. It is occasionally spelled Jambol.
Yambol is the administrative center of two municipalities. One is Yambol Municipality, which covers the city itself, and the other is Tundzha Municipality, which covers the rural areas around Yambol.
History
The area surrounding Yambol has been inhabited since the
Kabile was expanded by
Kabile was conquered by the Goths in the 4th century CE and was destroyed by the
The city expanded during the reign of Khan Omurtag of the First Bulgarian Empire, and a new fortress was built. Its proximity to the border made it essential for both trade and military purposes. During the reign of Boris I and Tsar Simeon, the first literary centers were established, mostly as part of the church. Books were imported from Preslav and Ohrid literary schools and were studied in the city's churches.
During the reign of Tsar Kaloyan, the city again increased in importance, mainly due to the ongoing conflict between Bulgaria and the crusaders. A major battle between Tsar Kaloyan and the crusaders happened in 1204 CE, about 80 kilometers south-west of the town, where Bulgaria defeated the crusaders in the battle of Adrianopole on 14 April 1205.
The
The predominant religion in Yambol is
In modern times, Yambol was the center of Yambol Okolia starting in 1878 and then Yambol Okrug starting in 1948. In 1984 it became part of the newly formed Burgas Oblast where it remained for 10 years. Since the early 1990s, Yambol has been the center of Yambol Oblast (or Yambol Municipality).
The city was affected by the turmoils of the early 20th century. Bulgarian refugees from
In the early 21st century, the city became the first one in Bulgaria to offer natural gas for residential use.
Population
Yambol | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1887 | 1910 | 1934 | 1946 | 1956 | 1965 | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2005 | 2009 | 2011 | 2021 | |
Population | 11,241 | 15,975 | 24,920 | 30,576 | 42,333 | 58,571 | 75,781 | 90,019 | 91,561 | 82,649 | 79,314 | 77,174 | 74,132 | 63,656 | |
Highest number 99,339 in 1991 | |||||||||||||||
Sources: National Statistical Institute,[13][14][1] citypopulation.de,[15] pop-stat.mashke.org,[16] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[17] |
In the first decade after the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire, the population of Yambol exceeded 10,000. In 1887, it was 11,241.[17] Since then, it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of migrants from rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns. Yambol's population reached its peak in the period of 1985-1992, exceeding 90,000.[15] After this peak, the population started decreasing due to the economic situation in Bulgaria during the 1990s, which led to migration to Burgas. As of February 2011, the city had a population of 74,132 residents. The population of Tundzha Municipality, of which the city is the administrative center, was 98,287.[18]
Economy
Local industry has declined since the 1990s with many factories closing down. The city is the centre of its thriving agricultural surroundings.
Ethnic, linguistic, and religious composition
According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows:[19][20]
- Bulgarians: 59,899 (87.1%)
- Gypsies: 4,263 (6.2%)
- Turks: 3,185 (4.6%)
- Others: 296 (0.4%)
- Indefinable: 1,101 (1.6%)
- Undeclared: 11,718 (8.5%)
Total: 74,132
Geography
Climate
The climate in Yambol is moderate with influences from both the Black Sea (from the East) and the Aegean Sea (from the South).
Climate data for Yambol | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
24.1 (75.4) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
13.7 (56.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.6 (49.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
14.1 (57.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.8 (62.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.3 (50.5) |
5.5 (41.9) |
0.7 (33.3) |
9.1 (48.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45.5 (1.79) |
41.6 (1.64) |
32.8 (1.29) |
34.3 (1.35) |
59.8 (2.35) |
50.7 (2.00) |
50.9 (2.00) |
40.7 (1.60) |
70.3 (2.77) |
49.7 (1.96) |
34.6 (1.36) |
58.9 (2.32) |
569.7 (22.43) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 106 | 132 | 181 | 203 | 274 | 303 | 339 | 329 | 242 | 181 | 133 | 101 | 2,525 |
Source: weatheronline.co.uk[21] |
Culture
Museums
Yambol houses the Regional History Museum and has a military museum, the Battle Glory Museum. As one of the city’s most historically significant cultural sites, Bezisten has existed for five centuries as a closed market, a city mall built during the Ottoman Empire. In 2015, Bezisten opened its doors to the public as an interactive museum. The museum is a major cultural and information centre which promotes the rich heritage of Yambol and the region. In celebration of European Heritage Days 2019, the museum Bezisten hosted special events dedicated to celebrating arts and entertainment. One of these events honored the 510th anniversary of the construction of the building.[22]
Arts and entertainment
The city has a Dramatic Theatre Nevena Kokanova, as well as a Puppet Theatre Georgi Mitev. The Dramatic Theatre hosts actors from all over the country throughout the year. Movie theater Elite shows the latest films.
Sports
The most popular sport in the city is Basketball. Yambol's basketball club is BC Yambol, and home matches are played at Sports Hall Diana. In 2002, BC Yambol won the national championship of the National Basketball League (Bulgaria).
Education
Notable people
- George Papazov, painter
- Georgi Gospodinov, author
- Volen Siderov, journalist and politician
- Peter Noikov, educator
- Encho Keryazov, artist de:Encho Keryazov
- Reyhan Angelova, singer
Twin towns - sister cities
Yambol is twinned with:[23]
Gallery
-
City Library and Central Post Office
-
Municipality Building, Yambol
-
Garden in front of the Central Post Office
-
The Bell Tower of St. George Church, built in 1893
-
The Theater of Yambol
-
Church of St George, built in 1737
-
Sport center "Diana", Yambol
-
Yambol City Park
-
Panoramic view of the city visible from Borovets
-
Park Ormana
-
Park Ormana
-
City park
-
Railway station
-
The Theatre
-
Old building, "G.Papazov" str. / "A.Stamboliiski" str.
-
"G.Papazov" str. - International Asset Bank
-
St. Nikola church
-
The Roman Catholic church
-
The Bulgarian and German Imperial Air Force base
References
- ^ a b "Население по области, общини, местоживеене и пол | Национален статистически институт". nsi.bg.
- ^ An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index - Founded by Phillip II
- ^ Fol, Aleksandar. The Thracian Royal city of Kabyle. - In: Settlement Life in Ancient Thrace. IIIrd International Symposium "Cabyle", 17–21 May 1993 Jambol. Jambol, 53-55.
- ^ "The Thracian Royal City of Cabyle" in A. Poulter (ed.), Ancient Bulgaria: Papers presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria, University of Nottingham, 1983, pp. 233–238.
- ^ Archaeologists Find Roman Military Officers’ Residence (Tribunorium) in Ancient Thracian City Kabile near Bulgaria’s Yambol: "Archaeologists Find Roman Military Officers' Residence (Tribunorium) in Ancient Thracian City Kabile near Bulgaria's Yambol". Archived from the original on 2018-05-01.
- ^ Дългата обсада на Ямболската крепост, стр. 24
- ^ "Data" (PDF). firat.edu.tr. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-01-31. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
- ^ Hacisalihoglu, Mehmet. "Doğu Rumeli'de Kayıp Köyler. İslimye Sancağı'nda 1878'den Günümüze Göçler, İsim Değişiklikleri ve Harabeler [Lost Villages in Eastern Rumelia. Migration, Place Name Changes and Lost Villages in the Province of İslimye/Sliven (Southeast Bulgaria) since 1878]". Archived from the original on 2021-05-29. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ ""St. George" Church - Yambol". wikimapia.org.
- ^ "Church of Saint Nicholas ::: St. Nicholas Center". www.stnicholascenter.org.
- ^ "Bulgaria BEZMERand adjacent regions GUIDE for American military" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2009-02-27.
- ^ "БЪЛГАРИЯ ПРЕЗ БАЛКАНСКИТЕ ВОЙНИ (1912 – 1913 Г.)". history.kabinata.com. Archived from the original on 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
- ^ "National Statistical Institute - Towns population 1956-1992". Statlib.nsi.bg:8181. Retrieved 2013-08-20.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Bulgarian National Statistical Institute - towns in 2009". Nis.bg. Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ a b "Bulgaria". Citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ "pop-stat.mashke.org". Pop-stat.mashke.org. 2011-02-01. Archived from the original on 2015-10-16. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
- ^ a b Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Archived July 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "National Statistical Institute - Main Towns Census 2011". Archived from the original on 2013-09-08. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
- ^ "Population on 01.02.2011 by provinces, municipalities, settlements and age; National Statistical Institute". Archived from the original on 2013-09-08. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
- ^ "Population by province, municipality, settlement and ethnic identification, by 01.02.2011; Bulgarian National Statistical Institute". Archived from the original on 2012-04-22. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
- ^ "weatheronline.co.uk: Historical Weather for Yambol, Bulgaria". weatheronline.co.uk. 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2014-02-09. Retrieved on May 9, 2013.
- ^ "Bulgaria to celebrate European Heritage Days 2019 with over 300 Events". European Heritage Days. Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2020-05-27.
- ^ "Побратимени градове". yambol.bg (in Bulgarian). Yambol. Archived from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2019-10-30.