United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay
United Vilayat of Kabarda-Balkaria-Karachay | |
---|---|
Flag of the Caucasus Emirate | |
Leaders |
|
Dates of operation | July 2002 Karachay–Cherkessia) |
Size | The group's official cumulative total of 500 members in 2002–2007 (many less at any given time)[8] Russian official estimate of no more than 50 active fighters in 2010 (not including supporters)[9] |
Part of |
|
Allies | |
Opponents | Russia Georgia United States |
Battles and wars | the Second Chechen War, Insurgency in the North Caucasus |
The United
The group drew most of its early members from the
Origins
The group began as a moderate non-violent organization named the Islamic Center in 1993. The group was renamed the Jamaat of Kabardino-Balkaria when it was not allowed to re-register under the original name in 1997. The focus of the group gradually changed because of persecution by
Yarmuk was founded as a unit of around 30 Balkars and Kabardinians led by
Radical Chechen commander
Early militant activities
In August 2004 Yarmuk announced the beginning of military operations in the republic. Their online manifesto rejected terrorism, referring to alleged government responsibility for the 1999
Yarmuk launched its first attack in Kabardino-Balkaria that same month, ambushing policemen in Chegem district. A turning point came in December 2004, when Yarmuk members conducted a raid on the office of the federal drug control agency in Nalchik, during which they seized large quantities of weapons and ammunition. The founding leader of Yarmuk, Muslim Atayev, was killed when the police stormed an apartment in Nalchik in January 2005. The organization continued to operate, staging attacks under the leadership of his successor, Rustam Bekanov. He was killed three months later and was replaced by Anzor Astemirov, a former deputy director of the Islamic Center. The group's base of operations was Nalchik and the Balkarian enclave around Mount Elbrus.[11]
Nalchik raid and aftermath
Yarmuk was the main force involved in the
Surge of violence
Following the killing of the group's leader
Low level insurgency
The death of so many commanders led to a decline in the number of rebel attacks in Kabardino-Balkaria, mostly taking the form of attacks on local police officials and police stations.[1] In September 2011 Alim Zankishiev (aka Emir Ubaidallah) became the new leader of the rebels,[19] he was killed by Russian security forces in March 2012.
Vilayat KBK suffered a split in August 2015, with Robert Zankishiev joining Caucasus Emirate commanders in other North Caucasus republics in
See also
- Vilayat Galgayche
- Vilayat Dagestan
References
- ^ a b c d e A Post-Mortem Sketch of Khasanbi Fakov – Leader of the United Insurgency Movement of Kabardino-Balkaria Archived 2016-01-21 at the Wayback Machine, Jamestown Foundation, 21 August 2013
- ^ "At least three suspected militants killed in CTO in Nalchik". Caucasian Knot. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ "NAC announces completion of CTO in Baksan; FSB officer killed". Caucasian Knot. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ a b "Islamic State Apparently Wins Its Competition With Caucasus Emirate". Jamestown Foundation. 2015-11-13. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
- ^ Liz Fuller (2015-01-26). "Shock Waves From Insurgency Commanders' Defection To IS Felt Beyond North Caucasus". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ "NAC: Zalim Shebzukhov killed in special operation in Saint Petersburg". Caucasian Knot. 2016-08-17. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
- ^ a b Analysis: N Caucasus militants, BBC News, 13 October 2005
- ^ a b Three Years After Nalchik, North Caucasus Resistance Remains Potent, Deadly Force, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, October 12, 2008 Archived October 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Jamestown Foundation, 8 May 2010
- ^ "The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (II), Islam, the Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency" (PDF). International Crisis Group. 19 October 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Turkish Weekly, 8 April 2005
- ^ a b Religious Extremism Finds Fertile Ground Archived 2014-03-01 at the Wayback Machine, The St. Petersburg Times, October 18, 2005
- ^ a b Nalchik Indictment Rewrites Recent History, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, April 16, 2009
- ^ a b c d Five Years On, Militants In Kabardino-Balkaria Take On New Role, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, October 13, 2010
- ^ Renewed Fears of Militancy in Kabardino-Balkaria Archived 2014-02-01 at the Wayback Machine, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 6 Jul 06
- ITAR-TASS, 18.11.2010 [dead link]
- ^ Militant underground intensifies in Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria – Nurgaliyev Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Interfax, November 18, 2010
- ^ Balkar, Kabardian Insurgent Leaders Reported Killed Archived 2011-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, April 29, 2011
- The Jamestown Foundation, January 19, 2012 Archived February 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Radio Liberty27 March 2012.
- Radio Liberty20 September 2012.
- ^ ВИЛАЯТ КБК. Кафиры объявили, что в ходе боя в Нальчике Шахидами (иншаа-Ллах) стали 4 амира КБК 20 September 2012
- ^ В Нальчике ликвидирован лидер бандподполья Кабардино-Балкарии 14 March 2014
- ^ a b Kabardino-Balkarian Jamaat Suffers Serious Losses in Fight With Government Forces, Jamestown Foundation, 15 September 2016
External links
- (in Russian) Official website