Yavanarajya inscription

Coordinates: 27°34′16″N 77°35′24″E / 27.571171°N 77.590097°E / 27.571171; 77.590097
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Yavanarajya inscription
Mathura Museum, India

The Yavanarajya inscription, also called the Maghera Well Stone Inscription,

Mathura Museum in Mathura.[3][4] The inscription notes the donation of a water well and tank to the community in 1st century BCE, built by a Brahmana.[5]

The inscription was published and analysed by French

Indo-Greek, at the time the inscription was created.[3]

Inscription

The Yavanarajya inscription is in

Indo-Parthians or Indo-Scythians in Mathura never use the term Yavana.[3] The date mentioned on the stone was the Hindu festival day of Holi, according to the Hindu calendar.[3][8]

Date

The year 116 probably refers to the

Azes era (circa 57 BCE), but these have never been referred to as "Yavana era" in any other inscription.[3]

Harry Falk and others have suggested that the Yavana era actually started in 174 BCE, based on a reevaluation of the Azes era which is now thought to have started in 47/46 BCE. This reevaluation of the start of the Yavana era means that the Yavanarajya inscription dates to 58 BCE.[10]

Content

The Yavanarajya inscription, written in elegant Sanskrit, reads:[11]

Yavanarajya inscription
Translation
(English)		 Transliteration
(original Brahmi script)		 Inscription
(Sanskrit in the Brahmi script)

On this day, the year one hundred sixteen, 116, of the Yavana kingdom, in the fourth month of winter on the thirtieth day...
[This is] the well and tank of Ahogani, the mother of the merchant Virabala, who was the son of Ghosadatta, a Brahmana of the Maitreya clan (gotra), with [her] son Virabala, daughter-in-law Bhaguri, and grandsons Suradatta, Rsabhadeva, and Viraddata.

May (their) merit increase

— Mathura Yavanarajya inscription, Translated by Sonya Rhie Quintanilla[9]

𑀬𑀯𑀦
𑀭𑀚𑁆𑀬𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀱𑁄𑀟𑀰𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀭𑁂 𑀯𑀭𑁆𑀱𑀰𑀢𑁂 𑁤𑁛𑁗 𑀳𑁂𑀫𑀢 𑀫𑀸𑀲𑁂 𑁕 𑀤𑀯𑀲𑁂 𑁝 𑀏𑀢𑀬𑁂 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀯𑀬𑁂
Yavanarajyasya ṣoḍaśottare varṣaśate 100 10 6 hemata māse 4 divase 30 etaye purvaye
𑀩𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀳𑁆𑀫𑀡𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀫𑁃𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁂𑀬𑀲 𑀕𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀖𑁄𑀱𑀤𑀢𑁆𑀢 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀭𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀲𑀸𑀣𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀩𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀫𑀸𑀢𑀼𑀭𑀸𑀳𑁄𑀕𑀦𑀺𑀬 𑀉𑀤𑀧𑀸𑀦𑀺
brāhmaṇasya maitreyasa gotrasya ghoṣadatta putrasya sārthavāhasya vīrabalasya māturāhogaṇiya udapāni
𑀧𑀼𑀱𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀲𑀳 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁂𑀡 𑀯𑀻𑀭𑀩𑀮𑁂𑀦 𑀯𑀥𑀼𑀬𑁂 𑀪𑀸𑀕𑀼𑀭𑁂𑀬𑁂 𑀧𑁅𑀢𑁆𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀺 𑀘 𑀰𑀼𑀭𑀤𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀦 𑀭𑁆𑀱𑀪𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀦 𑀯𑀺𑀭𑀤𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀦 𑀘 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑁆𑀬𑀁 𑀯𑀭𑁆𑀥𑀢𑀼
puṣkariṇi saha putreṇa vīrabalena vadhuye bhāgureye pautrehi ca śuradattena ṛṣabhadevena viradattena ca puṇyam vardhatu[9]

Yavanarajya inscription.

Interpretation

The Indo-Greek king Menander I.

The Yavanarajya inscription, states Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, mentions year 116 of the yavana hegemony (yavanarajya), attesting to the 2nd-century and 1st-century BCE Indo-Greek presence. This makes the inscription unique in that it mentions the Indo-Greeks, and it "may confirm" the numismatic and literary evidence which suggests that Mathura was under the ruler of the Indo-Greeks during the period between 185 BCE-85 BCE.[12] It is unclear whether the Indo-Greeks were still present at the time the inscription was engraved, states Quintanilla. She states that the inscription's mention of a family of "Brahmin merchants" is significant as well and the foreign rule must have had a lasting impression on them.[5]

Quintanilla states that the nearly contemporaneous coinage of Menander I (165-135 BCE) and his successors found in the Mathura region, in combination with this inscription, suggests the hypothesis that there was a tributary style relationship between the Indo-Greek suzerains and the Mitra dynasty that ruled that region at the time.[5]

References

  1. ^ Gerhard Lüdtke; et al. (2009). Kurschners Deutscher Gelehrten-Kalender 2009, Vols 1-4. W. de Gruyter. p. 2766.
  2. ISBN 9788181520012
    .
  3. ^ a b c d e f History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE, Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, BRILL, 2007 pp. 254-255
  4. ^ "Some Newly Discovered Inscriptions from Mathura : The Meghera Well Stone Inscription of Yavanarajya Year 160 Recently a stone inscription was acquired in the Government Museum, Mathura." India's ancient past, Shankar Goyal Book Enclave, 2004, p.189
  5. ^ a b c d History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE, Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, BRILL, 2007, p.8-10 [1]
  6. ^ "Ménandre l’Indo-grec ou Paul Demiéville revisité" Journal Asiatique 1993, 1-2, pages 61–138
  7. ^ Fussman, Gérard. The riddle of the ancient eras is not yet solved (PDF). p. 242.
  8. ^ Gérard Fussman (1993), "Ménandre l’Indo-grec ou Paul Demiéville revisité", Journal Asiatique, Volume 281, 1-2, pages 113-114
  9. ^ a b c d History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE, Sonya Rhie Quintanilla, BRILL, 2007, p.255-256 [2]
  10. JSTOR 24049367
    .
  11. ^ Published in "L'Indo-Grec Menandre ou Paul Demieville revisite," Journal Asiatique 281 (1993) p.113
  12. ISBN 9789004155374
    .
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