Yavne

Coordinates: 31°53′N 34°44′E / 31.883°N 34.733°E / 31.883; 34.733
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Yavne
יַבְנֶה
Hebrew transcription(s)
 • ISO 259Yabne
Official logo of Yavne
Yavne is located in Central Israel
Yavne
Yavne
Yavne is located in Israel
Yavne
Yavne
Coordinates: 31°53′N 34°44′E / 31.883°N 34.733°E / 31.883; 34.733
Country Israel
DistrictCentral
Founded2000 BCE (Canaanite city)
37 BCE (Herodian rule)
7th century Islamic period (Arab village)
1949 (Israeli city)
Government
 • MayorRoei Gabay
Area
 • Total10,700 dunams (10.7 km2 or 4.1 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total56,232
 • Density5,300/km2 (14,000/sq mi)
Websitewww.yavne.muni.il

Yavne (Hebrew: יַבְנֶה) or Yavneh is a city in the Central District of Israel. In many English translations of the Bible, it is known as Jabneh /ˈæbnə/.

Yavne holds a special place in

Latin
: Iamnia).

Under

Tel Yavne
archeological site, which is southeast of the modern city.

History

Mausoleum of Abu Huraira
in Yavne, attributed to both Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne and Abu Hurairah, a Companion of Muhammad.

Antiquity

Yavne was one of the major ancient cities in the southern

Mediterranean.[6]

From excavations of the ancient

Byzantine period, the settlement expanded to cover part of the plain and hills surrounding the tell.[6][7][8] Yavne is mentioned in the Bible and other ancient texts.[7][8]

In Roman times, the city was known as Iamnia or Jamnia. It was bequeathed by

better source needed
]

During the First Jewish–Roman War, when the Roman army quelled the insurrection in Galilee, the army marched upon Iamnia and Azotus, taking both towns and stationing garrisons within them.[11] According to rabbinic tradition, Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai and his disciples were permitted to settle in Iamnia during the outbreak of the war, after Zakkai, realizing that Jerusalem was about to fall, departed the city and sought the permission of Vespasian, commander of the Roman forces, to settle in Yavne and teach his disciples.[12][13] Upon the fall of Jerusalem, his school functioned as a Sanhedrin.[14] It is also rumored to have been the site of the Council of Jamnia that established the rabbinic Jewish biblical canon.

According to the

Hebrew: minim).[15]

Crusader period

The

better source needed] revealed the main gate.[17] Its namesake noble family, the House of Ibelin, was important in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and later in the Kingdom of Cyprus. Salvage excavations at the west of the tell unearthed a stash of 53 Crusader coins of the 12th and 13th centuries.[18]

Muslim Yibna, Early Islamic to Mamluk period

The

'Amr ibn al-'As in the early 7th century.[19] Ibelin was first sacked by Saladin before his army was routed at the Battle of Montgisard in late 1177. In August 1187, it was retaken and burnt to the ground, and ceased for some time to form part of the Crusaders' kingdom.[20]

Mosque

Ibelin's parish church was converted into a mosque, to which a minaret was added during the Mamluk period in 1337. The minaret is still standing, although the mosque itself (the former Crusader church) was blown up by the IDF in 1950.[7][21]

Tomb of Abu Huraira/Gamaliel

The

Ramle and Yavne.[24] After 1948 the shrine was adopted by Mizrahi Jews who believe the tomb is the burial place of Rabbi Gamaliel of Yavne.[22][23] Jewish worshippers say that it was a Jewish burial site that was Islamized later, although there is no record of Jewish pilgrimage there before 1948.[25]

British Mandate

The "Kerem B'Yavneh" yeshiva, 1945

In mid-March 1948, a contingent of Iraqi soldiers moved into the village. In a Haganah reprisal on 30 March, two dozen villagers were killed. On April 21, the Iraqi village commander was arrested in Jaffa for drunkenly shooting two Arabs.[26]

During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, residents of Zarnuqa sought refuge in Yibna, but left after the villagers accused them of being traitors.[27]

On 27 May, following the fall of Al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa, most of the population of Yibna fled to Isdud, but armed males were refused entry. On 5 June, when Israeli troops arrived, they found the village almost deserted apart from a few old people who were ordered to leave.[27]

In the 1930s, a plan was proposed to rebuild the ancient Talmudic academy founded by Yochanan Ben Zakkai. In 1941, an agreement was reached between the

Yigal Alon, commander of the southern front, because of its commanding view of the coastal plain.[28]

State of Israel

Yavne in 1958. The site of Yibna shown in ruins. The Ma'bara (development town) lies north of the ruins
Yavne water park

Yavne was established in October 1948 as a

shrine can still be seen, and some of the old houses are inhabited by Jewish and Arab families.[citation needed][clarification needed
]

The 1980 edition of a guidebook published in Jerusalem describes Yavne as home to Israel's first atomic reactor, an image of which appeared on a 0.50 Shekel stamp.[31]

When Mayor Meir Sheetrit assumed office in 1974, the city became a low-density suburban satellite of Tel Aviv with new construction targeting middle-class families. Yavne achieved city status in 1986. By the mid-1990s, the population had risen to 25,600.[29]

Demography

Yavne East railway station

According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2021 the ethnic makeup of the city was 99 percent Jewish and others, without significant Arab population.[32] As of March 2021 the city numbered 53,595 persons, with a high percentage of young people: 37% of the population was in the 0–19 age group and 71% of the total population was younger than 44.[32][33]

Synagogue in Yavne

Economy

Major companies based in Yavne include

Aeronautics Defense Systems, Avisar and Orbotech
. In 2019,
NexoBrid in Yavne, a unique product for the treatment of severe burns.[36] It allows saving affected tissue which would otherwise need to be removed, leading to less amputations of hands and feet.[36] Many October 7, 2023 victims have benefitted from it, with the US also buying $20 million worth of NexoBrid for its strategic national stockpile.[36]

In 2012 a new green neighborhood "Neot Rabin" was inaugurated in the south of the city.[37]

Sports

Maccabi Yavne is the city's major football club. During the 1980s the club played in the top division and in 1985 won the Toto Cup. Today they are in Liga Leumit. The basketball team, Elitzur Yavne, have also played in the Liga Leumit (basketball) since 2007.

Omri Casspi, the first Israeli to play in the National Basketball Association, grew up in the city and played for some of its teams.[38]

Archaeology

Tel Yavne was first excavated in 2005 in a dig headed by

Mamluks and deeply embedded Crusader walls east of it, all at or around the top of the tell.[39]

In December 2019, a large number of pottery kilns and 1,200-year-old gold coins which may have been a local potter's "piggy bank" were unearthed in a juglet by the Israeli Antiquities Authority. According to archaeologist Robert Kool, the coins date back to the early Abbasid period, about 9th century CE. One of the seven coins was minted by Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786–809 CE). "These are gold dinars issued by the Aghlabid dynasty that ruled in North Africa. Without a doubt this is a wonderful Hanukkah present for us," said Kool.[40][41] In August 2020, Israeli archaeologists discovered 425 complete gold coins, most dating to the Abbasid period around 1,100 years ago.[42] In April 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of a 1,600-year-old multicolored mosaic dated back to the Byzantine period in an industrial area. According to IAA archaeologist Elie Haddad, it was the first time that excavators revealed a colored mosaic floor in Yavne.[43][44][45]

The ancient harbour of Yavne, Yavne-Yam (in Arabic Minet Rubin) was identified on the coast. Excavations have revealed fortification going back to the Bronze Age Hyksos.[8] It was in use from the Middle Bronze Age until the 12th century CE, when it was abandoned.[46] 2 Maccabees 12:8–9 refers to the burning of the harbour and its fleet on the direction of Judas Maccabeus.

In 2022, a

sling bullet was discovered with the Greek inscription "Victory of Heracles and Hauronas", the two gods were the patrons of the city during the Hellenistic period.[47]

Mamluk minaret, Yavne

Notable people

Sister cities

Yavne is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  2. . Under the leadership of R. Yohanan ben Zakkai and his circle at Yavneh, Judaism sought to reconstitute itself and find a new equilibrium in the face of the disaster of 70.
  3. .
  4. OCLC 988856967.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link
    )
  5. ^ "Largest wine factory in the world from Byzantine period unearthed". The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  6. ^ a b Moshe Fischer, Itamar Taxel and David Amit, Rural Settlement in the Vicinity of Yavneh in the Byzantine Period: A Religio-Archaeological Perspective, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 350 (May, 2008), pp. 7-35.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-3-525-54361-0). 2010. Pages 2-13 [1]
  8. ^ .
  9. ^ Kletter, Raz (2004). "Tel Yavne". Excavations and Surveys in Israel. 116. Retrieved 2017-12-31.
  10. ^ "Jabneh". Jewish Virtual Library.
  11. ^ Josephus, The Jewish War 4.3.2 (4.130)
  12. OCLC 232936057
    .
  13. .
  14. ^ Archaeological Excavations in Israel 2006, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed Sep 2021.
  15. ^ "Archaeologists uncover ruins of medieval wine factory at Israel's Yavne site". 12 October 2021.
  16. ^ Shimron, Ilanit (2009-04-06). מטמון נדיר נמצא בחפירות ארכיאולוגיות בתל יבנה [Rare Treasure Found in Excavations at Tel Yavne] (in Hebrew). Ynet. Archived from the original on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
  17. ^ al-Baladhuri, Book of the Conquest of the Lands, quoted in Le Strange (1890), p. 28
  18. ^ Fischer, Moshe and Taxel, Itamar. "Ancient Yavneh: Its History and Archaeology", in Tel Aviv Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, December 2007, vol. 34: No 2, pp.204-284, 247
  19. ISBN 9780521390378. Retrieved 24 January 2016. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  20. ^ .
  21. ^ .
  22. – via Google Books.
  23. .
  24. .
  25. ^ .
  26. ^ Yeshivat Kerem B'Yavneh
  27. ^ .
  28. ^ Khalidi, 1992, p. 423
  29. ^ Vilnay, Zev (First edition 1955) Israel Guide. Daf-Chen Press Ltd, Jerusalem. Twenty-second edition - 1980. p.254
  30. ^ a b "Regional Statistics". cbs.gov.il. 2021. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  31. ^ "Population Census 2008: Yavne" (PDF). cbs.gov.il. 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
  32. ^ Solomon, Shoshanna. "German drugmaker Merck sets up Israel incubator to tap into chip, sensor tech". www.timesofisrael.com.
  33. ^ "מפעל רסיפארם ישראל נחנך ביבנה".
  34. ^ a b c "Innovative treatment helps family severely burned when Hamas set their home on fire". Renee Ghert-Zand for The Times of Israel, 19 Jan 2024 (posted & retrieved).
  35. ^ "פינוי אשפה פנאומאטי - צעד ירוק למען הסביבה ביבנה והסביבה - פורטל יבנה שלי". www.myavne.co.il.
  36. ^ Casspi is ready for primetime
  37. ^ Fischer and Taxel (2007), p.254
  38. ^ "Archaeologists find hoard of Islamic coins in Israel: 'It's like a Hanukkah present'". Haaretz. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  39. ^ "Trove of 1,200-year-old 'Arabian Nights' gold coins uncovered in Israel". The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  40. ^ "Youth volunteers uncover hundreds of ancient gold coins in Israel". CBC News. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
  41. ^ Jack Guy. "Archaeologists uncover 1,600-year-old mosaic in Israel". CNN. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  42. ^ "1,600-year-old multicolored mosaic with geometric motifs uncovered in Yavne". Times of Israel. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  43. ^ Gershon, Livia. "Colorful, 1,600-Year-Old Mosaic Adorned With Geometric Patterns Found in Israel". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
  44. ^ "Archeology in Israel - Yavne Yam".
  45. ^ 2,200-year-old Greek sling bullet discovered in Israel

External links

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