Yellow-rumped cacique

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Yellow-rumped cacique
in Brazil

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Icteridae
Genus: Cacicus
Species:
C. cela
Binomial name
Cacicus cela
Global range (green)
Synonyms
  • Parus cela Linnaeus, 1758
  • Oriolus persicus Linnaeus, 1766

The yellow-rumped cacique (Cacicus cela) is a

Icteridae. It breeds in much of northern South America from Panama and Trinidad south to Peru, Bolivia and central Brazil. However, they have been sighted as far north as Nayarit state in Mexico
.

Taxonomy

The yellow-rumped cacique was

type location was designated as Suriname by the Austrian ornithologist Carl Eduard Hellmayr in 1906.[4][5] The yellow-rumped cacique is now placed in the genus Cacique that was introduced by the Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799.[6][7]

Three subspecies are recognised:[7]

  • C. c. vitellinus Lawrence, 1864 – Panama Canal Zone to north and central Colombia
  • C. c. flavicrissus (Sclater, PL, 1860) – west Ecuador and northwest Peru
  • C. c. cela (Linnaeus, 1758) – east Colombia and Venezuela, the Guianas, south to central Bolivia and south Brazil

The first two subspecies may be a separate species, the saffron-rumped cacique.[8]

Description

The male is on average 28 centimetres (11 in) long and weighs about 104 grams (3.7 oz), with the female 23 centimetres (9.1 in) long and weighing approximately 60 grams (2.1 oz). The yellow-rumped cacique is a slim bird, with a long tail, blue eyes, and a pale yellow pointed

epaulets
". The female is duller black than the male, and the juvenile bird resembles the female, but has dark eyes and a brown bill base.

The

song of the male yellow-rumped cacique is a brilliant mixture of fluting notes with cackles, wheezes and sometimes mimicry. There are also many varied calls, and an active colony can be heard from a considerable distance.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The yellow vent

The yellow-rumped cacique is a bird associated with open woodland or cultivation with large trees.

Behaviour and ecology

Nesting in Peru
Yellow-rumped cacique nest

This gregarious bird eats large insects (such as beetles, caterpillars, crickets, grasshoppers and katydids),[9][10] spiders[9] (such as orb-weavers),[10] nectar[9][10] and fruit (such as chupa-chupa and figs).[10]

Breeding

It is a colonial breeder, with up to 100 bag-shaped

eggs
. Females begin incubating after laying the second egg; hatching occurs after 13 or 14 days. The young fledge in 34 to 40 days, usually only one per nest.

Relationship with humans

The yellow-rumped cacique has benefited from the more open habitat created by forest clearance and ranching. It is not considered threatened by the

IUCN.[11]

In

oropendolas – is called paucar, or – referring to this species only – paucarcillo ("little paucar"). This species is apparently the paucar that, according to a folktale of Moyobamba, originated as a rumor-mongering boy who always wore black pants and a yellow jacket. When he spread an accusation against an old woman who was a fairy in disguise, she turned him into a noisy, wandering bird. The bird's appearance is thought to augur good news.[12]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T103792683A138350097.en
    . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 191.
  3. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
    .
  4. ^ Hellmayr, Carl Eduard (1906). "On the birds of the island of Trinidad". Novitates Zoologicae. 13: 1–60 [20].
  5. ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1968). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 14. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 145.
  6. ^ Lacépède, Bernard Germain de (1799). "Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux". Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle (in French). Paris: Plassan. p. 6. Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.
  7. ^
    Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Oropendolas, orioles, blackbirds"
    . IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  8. ^ a b Jaramillo & Burke (1999)
  9. ^ a b c "Cacicus cela (Yellow-rumped Cacique)" (PDF). Sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d "Cacicus cela (Yellow-rumped cacique)". Animaldiversity.org. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  11. ^ BLI (2008)
  12. ^ moyobamba.com (2007), Enjoy Peru [2008]

Sources

  • Cuervo, Andrés M.; Hernández-Jaramillo, Alejandro; Cortés-Herrera, José Oswaldo & Laverde, Oscar (2007): Nuevos registros de aves en la parte alta de la Serranía de las Quinchas, Magdalena medio, Colombia [New bird records from the highlands of Serranía de las Quinchas, middle Magdalena valley, Colombia]. Ornitología Colombiana 5: 94–98 [Spanish with English abstract]. PDF fulltext
  • Enjoy Peru [2008]: Manu – Aves. Retrieved 2008-DEC-22.
  • moyobamba.com (2007): Leyendas e historia de los barrios. Retrieved 2007-SEP-28.
  • Jaramillo, Alvaro & Burke, Peter (1999): New World Blackbirds.
    ISBN 0-7136-4333-1

Further reading

External links
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