Yemeni rial
ريال يمني ( Arabic) | |
---|---|
ISO 4217 | |
Code | YER (numeric: 886) |
Subunit | 0.01 |
Unit | |
Symbol | ﷼ or YRl/YRls |
Denominations | |
Superunit | |
10 | dinar |
Subunit | |
1⁄100 | fils |
Banknotes | YRls 50, YRls 100, YRls 200, YRls 250, YRls 500, YRls 1,000 |
Coins | YRl 1, YRls 5, YRls 10, YRls 20 |
Demographics | |
User(s) | Yemen |
Issuance | |
Central bank | Central Bank of Yemen |
Website | www |
Valuation | |
Inflation | 16.8% |
Source | 2023[1] |
The rial (
The
History
In the 18th and 19th century, the rial was traditionally associated with the Maria Theresa thaler, a currency that was widely used in Yemen owing to the Mocha coffee trade with the French, and a Yemeni request that its produce be paid for in thalers.[4]
As Yemen progressed, it developed its own legal currency. After the union between the North (the
Since the mid-1990s, the Yemeni rial has been freely convertible. Though it dropped from YRls 20 to approximately YRls 215 against the US dollar since then, the rial was stable for several years. However, since 2010 the Central Bank of Yemen has had to intervene many times to protect the currency's value, resulting in a serious decline of foreign reserves.
Coins
Before unification, North Yemen issued coins in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 fils, and 1 rial. The fils denominations have all disappeared from circulation. In 1993, new coins were introduced by the Central Bank of Yemen in denominations of 1 and 5 rials. These were followed by 10-rial coins in 1995 and 20-rial coins in 2004.
YRl 1 | YRls 5 | YRls 10 | YRls 20 |
---|---|---|---|
Banknotes
At the time of unification, the Central Bank of Yemen issued banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 rials. In 1993, the 1 and 5 rial notes were replaced by coins, with the same happening to the 10 rial notes in 1995, and 20 rial notes in 2004. In 1996, 200 rial notes were introduced, followed by 500 rials in 1997 and 1,000 rials in 1998. A 250 rial banknote was issued in 2009.[6][7]
In 2017, the Central Bank of Yemen, now relocated in
Currently circulating banknotes (1994-2009) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Image | Value | Main Colour | Description | Date of | |||
Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | Printing | Issue | ||
YRls 10 | Blue and black | Al Baqilyah Mosque | Marib Dam | 1992 | |||
YRls 20 | Dark brown | Sculpture of Dionysus with grapes | A dhow in Aden Harbor | 1995 | |||
YRls 50 | Olive-green | Statue of Ma'adkarib | Shibam, Hadhramaut_Governorate | 1993 | |||
YRls 50 | Olive-green | Bronze statue of Ma'adkarib, ancient king of Haram | Hadramaut
|
1994 | |||
YRls 100 | Purple | Ancient culverts, Aden | Sana'a
|
1993 | |||
YRls 100 | Red and violet | Dragon's blood tree, Socotra | Agricultural terraces | 2018 | |||
YRls 200 | Green | Alabaster sculpture | Mukalla | 1996 | |||
YRls 200 | Yellow | Zabid fortress, Al Hudaydah Governorate | Hawf, Al Mahrah Governorate | 2018 | August 2018 | ||
YRls 250 | Orange & blue | Al-Saleh mosque , Sana'a
|
Khor Al-Mukalla | 2009 | November 14, 2009 | ||
YRIs 500 | Purple | Central Bank building, Sana'a | Throne of Queen Bilqis in Ma'rib | 1997 | |||
YRls 500 | Blue | Dar al-Hajr (Palace of the Rock) | Al-Muhdhar Mosque, Tarim | 2001 | |||
YRls 500 | Cyan | Dar al-Hajr (Palace of the Rock) | Al-Muhdhar Mosque, Tarim | 2007 | |||
YRls 500 | Light Cyan | Al-Muhdhar Mosque, Tarim | Dar al-Hajar | 2017 | |||
YRls 1,000 | Green & yellow | Seiyun Palace, Hadhramaut | Bab al-Yaman , San'a
|
1998
2004 |
August 2010 |
Current YER exchange rates | |
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From Google Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
From Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
From XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
From OANDA: | AUD CAD CHF CNY EUR GBP HKD JPY USD |
Preceded by: South Yemeni dinar Location: South Yemen Ratio: 1 dinar = 26 rials Note: Use of the Yemeni rial started in 1990, Yemeni dinar was withdrawn from circulation in 1996. |
Currency of Yemen 1990 – |
Succeeded by: Current |
Preceded by: North Yemeni rial Location: North Yemen Ratio: at par |
See also
- Economy of Yemen
- Ahmed A AL-Samawi
References
- ^ "Republic of Yemen". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
- ^ "World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 - page 139" (PDF). openknowledge.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
- ^ "Yemen currency clash deepens crisis in war-torn country". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-03-08.
- ^ Ghalib bin Awadh al-Qu'aiti, The Maria Theresa Thaler in Hadhramaut: Some Reflections, The British-Yemeni Society
- ^ Ghalib bin Awadh al-Qu'aiti, The Maria Theresa Thaler in Hadhramaut: Some Reflections, pub. by: The British-Yemeni Society
- ^ Yemen new 250‑rial note confirmed, BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2011-09-06.
- ^ BanknoteNews.com Retrieved 2011-09-06.
Sources
- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). ISBN 0873411501.
- Pick, Albert (1994). ISBN 0-87341-207-9.