Yingluck Shinawatra
Yingluck Shinawatra | |
---|---|
ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร | |
28th Prime Minister of Thailand | |
In office 5 August 2011 – 7 May 2014 | |
Monarch | Bhumibol Adulyadej |
Deputy | See list
|
Preceded by | Prawit Wongsuwan |
Member of the House of Representatives | |
In office 3 July 2011 – 9 December 2013 | |
Constituency | Party-list |
Personal details | |
Born | Paethongtarn Shinawatra (niece) | 21 June 1967
Residence | Bangkok (until 2017) |
Alma mater | |
Signature | |
Yingluck Shinawatra (
Born in
In May 2011, the Pheu Thai Party, which maintains close ties to Thaksin, nominated Yingluck as their candidate for Prime Minister in the 2011 election.[7][8] She campaigned on a platform of national reconciliation, poverty eradication, and corporate income tax reduction and won a landslide victory.
After
She was tried in 2016 but did not appear in court in August 2017 for the verdict. An arrest warrant was issued. She reportedly fled the country. In September 2017, she was found guilty in absentia and sentenced to five years in prison. She is rumoured to now be in London. Yingluck has become the chairwoman and legal representative of Shantou International Container Terminals Ltd since 12 December 2018, a Chinese port operator, operating in the Shantou Port area in eastern Guangdong.[11]
Early life and business career
Yingluck Shinawatra is the youngest of nine children of Loet Shinawatra and Yindi Ramingwong.
Yingluck began her career as a sales and marketing intern in 1993 at Shinawatra Directories Co., Ltd., a
Yingluck received 0.68 percent of Shin Corp shares out of the 46.87 percent that
Political career
Establishment of the Pheu Thai Party
After the governing People's Power party was dissolved and its executive board was banned from political activity for five years by the Constitutional Court on 2 December 2008,[20] the former People's Power Party MPs formed the Pheu Thai Party. Yingluck was asked to become the party's leader, but she declined, saying that she had no desire to be prime minister and wanted to concentrate on business.[21] Yongyuth Wichaidit became the leader of the party.
US diplomatic cables
Yingluck's bank account was among 86 accounts that the Abhisit government accused of being used to finance the
Pheu Thai Party leadership
Yongyuth had stated her intention of resigning as party leader in late 2010. Speculation about a snap election in early 2011 heightened internal debate over the party leadership. The front runners were Yingluck and Mingkwan Saengsuwan, who had led the opposition in an unsuccessful motion of no confidence against the Democrat Party-led coalition government. As late as 28 January 2011, Yingluck continued to rule out the party leadership, repeating that she wanted to focus on business. However, she was endorsed by veteran politician Chalerm Yubamrung.[24]
On 16 May 2011, the Pheu Thai party voted to name Yingluck as their top candidate under the party-list system (and presumably be the party's nominee for Prime Minister) for parliamentary election scheduled for 3 July. However, she was not made party leader and did not join the party's executive board. The ultimate decision was made by Thaksin himself. "Some said she is my nominee. That's not true. But it can be said that Yingluck is my clone... Another important thing is that Ms Yingluck is my sister and she can make decisions for me. She can say 'yes' or 'no' on my behalf," noted Thaksin in an interview.[25]
2011 election and rise to premiership
Election campaign
Pheu Thai campaigned with a slogan of "Thaksin thinks, Pheu Thai acts".
Yingluck also proposed a general
Yingluck described a 2020 vision for the
Election results and the establishment of the government
United Nations secretary-general
Yingluck quickly formed a coalition with the
Prime Minister of Thailand, 2011–2014
Following the
Yingluck established her cabinet on 9 August. She and her Ministers were sworn in on 10 August.[48] They were then required to complete addressing their administrative policy to the National Assembly. According to the Constitution, the address had to be made within fifteen days from the effective date of the Proclamation on Yingluck's appointment.[49]
Key members of
On the economic front, his government introducing a minimum wage of 300 baht a day. The minimum wage reform significantly increased the average daily earnings, the number of paid days of employment, consumption expenditure per capita, and income per capita.[50] A civil union project for homosexual couples was presented in 2013, but did not have time to be adopted due to the 2014 coup d'état.[51]
Polls from shortly after her cabinet was announced found that the cabinet rated most highly in terms of economic competency. It also showed that Yingluck was much more popular than her exiled brother Thaksin.[52]
2011 floods
The 2011
Cabinet reshuffle
On 18 January 2012, Yingluck reshuffled her cabinet, assigning six cabinet members to new posts, naming ten new ministers and deputies, and dismissing nine members of the government.[60] The regrouping was assessed as a step to increase loyalty to the head of government and a reaction to discontent with the government's management of the flood disaster.[60][61] Especially noted was the choice of Nalinee Taveesin (Minister in the PM's Office), who is on a US blacklist for alleged business links to Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe,[62][63][64] and Nattawut Saikua (Deputy Minister of Agriculture), the first leader of the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD, or "Red Shirts") in the government.[65][66][67] Yingluck's first cabinet had not incorporated any "Red Shirts" activists.[68]
On 30 June 2013, the fifth reshuffle occurred in the cabinet of Yingluck, leading to changes in 18 cabinet posts.[69] She herself assumed the post of minister of defence in the reshuffle.[69]
2013/14 Opposition protests, supreme court impeachment and coup
On 9 December 2013, Yingluck dissolved the country's parliament and called early elections in the face of anti-government protests.[70]
On 7 May 2014, the Constitutional Court unanimously dismissed Yingluck from office in consequence of her removing an appointee of an earlier government, Thawil Pliensri, from his post as National Security Council secretary-general in 2011. The court deemed the transfer unconstitutional and therefore, removed Yingluck from office.[71]
A few weeks after Yingluck was impeached, the military coup of 2014 occurred.
2014 negligence of duty investigation and trial
As chairperson of the rice committee, Yingluck was investigated by Thailand's anti-graft agency about her role in the rice pledging scheme. Two of her former ministers were also investigated, and later sentenced for decades in prison.[72]
Despite being chairperson of the rice committee, Yingluck admitted in the 2013 censure debate against her government that she had never attended meetings of the National Rice Policy Committee.[73]
On 8 May 2014, the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) unanimously agreed to indict Yingluck in the rice-pledging scheme corruption case citing millions of rice farmers who remain unpaid.[74][75][76]
On 28 November, Thailand's National Legislative Assembly (NLA) denied the addition of 72 pieces of evidence to her rice-pledging case. The first hearing of her impeachment case was also scheduled to be on 9 January 2015.[77]
On 15 January 2016, the trial against Yingluck began.[78]
On 25 August 2017, the scheduled verdict day, Yingluck did not appear before the court, who then issued an arrest warrant for her and confiscated her ฿30,000,000 bail.[79] 3,000 of her supporters gathered outside the court in Bangkok. Reportedly, Yingluck fled the country ahead of the judgment.[80] Some senior members of her political party said she left Thailand the week before to Dubai.[81] The pronouncement was then rescheduled to 27 September 2017.[80]
On 27 September 2017, in her absence, she was found guilty of
Yingluck's passports were cancelled by the Junta controlled government, and she is rumoured to be in London and to have a UK passport.[84] She has been granted citizenship by the government of Serbia.[85]
On 4 March 2024, the Supreme Court of Thailand acquitted Yingluck and eight others on charges of corruption over a 2013 campaign to promote her government's infrastructure projects involving allegations of mishandling 240 billion baht ($6.7 billion) and failure to conduct proper bidding processes.[86]
List of countries and territories officially visited
During Yingluck Shinawatra's tenure as prime minister, she travelled to more than 40 countries and territories in an effort to strengthen the relationship between them. Her goals included improvement of trade relations and increased export business investments, and studying water resources management.
Southeast Asia (ASEAN)
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | Brunei | Visited as a guest of the government. |
2 | Cambodia | Visited as a guest of the government. |
3 | Indonesia | Visited as a guest of the government. |
4 | Laos | Visited as a guest of the government. |
5 | Myanmar | Visited as a guest of the government. |
6 | Vietnam | Visited as a guest of the government. |
7 | Singapore | Visited as a guest of the government. |
8 | Philippines | Visited as a guest of the government. |
9 | Malaysia | Visited as a guest of the government. |
East Asia
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | South Korea | Swearing in ceremony was attended by the President Park Geun-hye, Republic of Korea. |
2 | China | Helped support the Chinese to buy products of Thailand and high-speed rail discussions to develop joint projects. Signed a co-operation agreement on the trade and economic relations between Thailand |
3 | Hong Kong | Signed a Cooperation Arrangement on Strengthening Trade and Economic Relations in Government House. |
4 | Mongolia | Attended the Community of Democracies – CD 7th at Mongolia. |
Oceania
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | Australia | Visited as a guest of the government. |
2 | New Zealand | Visited as a guest of the government. |
3 | Papua New Guinea | Visited as a guest of the government. |
South Asia
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | India | Visited as a guest of the government for the Republic Day celebrations and attended the ASEAN-India Car Rally at Vigyan Bhawan. |
2 | Bangladesh | Discussed with the private sector and businessmen during a dinner party organized by the Board of Investment of Thailand (BOI) and the Association of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI) at the Radisson Hotel. |
3 | Sri Lanka | Visited as a guest of the government. Joined the celebration of 260 years of the founding families Siam Nikaya in Sri Lanka. |
4 | Pakistan | Visited as a guest of the government. Strengthened relations with Pakistan in a strong economic partnership. |
5 | Maldives | Visited the Smart City Education Chancellor and the transition to salt water. |
Central Asia
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | Tajikistan | The water management of Tajikistan in co-operation with the United Nations. |
West Asia
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | Bahrain | Met Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa and MOU Memorandum of Understanding signed between the two countries aimed at developing relations in education. Health and travel around Thailand and Bahrain. |
2 | Qatar | Met Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. |
3 | Kuwait | Chaired the opening reception to strengthen the confidence of the Kuwaiti political and economic stability of the country. |
North America
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | United States | Visited to talk security negotiations with President Barack Obama. |
Europe
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | Germany | Visited as a guest of the government and tight binding partners. The economic crisis, European added value of trade and investment in Thailand. |
2 | France | Exchanged opinions on the economic crisis and the trend of French policy towards solving the problems and reinforce bilateral co-operation between them. |
3 | United Kingdom | The bilateral relationship between the Secretary of State; Met Commonwealth realms .
|
4 | Sweden | Met King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden .
|
5 | Belgium | Visited Belgium in the 130 years anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between them. |
6 | Poland | Student academic co-operation. Especially medical science, renewable energy, food processing and agricultural privatisation of Poland. |
7 | Switzerland | Attended 42nd World Economic Forum and a meeting of the UN Human Rights Council's 24th session. |
8 | Italy | Sought Italy's partnership in strengthening Southeast Asian & South European co-operation.[87] |
9 | Vatican City | Met Pope Francis in private audience. |
10 | Turkey | Both sides agreed to free trade agreements (FTA) Thailand–Turkey trade value to increase substantially within the next 5 years. |
11 | Montenegro | Opened a new relationship and Special visit as a guest of the government. |
Africa
Num | Country/Territory | Note |
---|---|---|
1 | Mozambique | Technologies into the private sector as Mozambique is a country with a high growth rate. |
2 | Tanzania | Knowledge about natural gas, mining, and wildlife conservation. |
3 | Uganda | Exchange of academic knowledge, both agriculture and fisheries. |
4 | Nigeria | How to manage nation major source of income oil and gas. |
Personal life
She has one son, with her common law husband, Anusorn Amornchat. Anusorn was an executive of the Charoen Pokphand Group and managing director of M Link Asia Corporation PCL.[88] Her sister, Yaowapha Wongsawat, is married to the former prime minister, Somchai Wongsawat.
Honours
Yingluck has received the following royal decorations in the
Royal Decorations
- Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant: 6 April 2012
- Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand: 20 March 2012
- The Boy Scout Citation Medal (First Class)
Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand Rank
- Volunteer Defense Corps General of Volunteer Defense Corps (Thailand) : 30 September 2011[89]
See also
- Pheu Thai Party
- Yingluck cabinet
- List of elected or appointed female heads of government
References
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External links
- Pheu Thai Party website
- Profile: Yingluck Shinawatra on BBC News
- Profile: Yingluck Shinawatra on CBC News
- Yingluck Shinawatra collected news and commentary at Al Jazeera English