Yogabīja
The Yogabīja (
Text
The Yogabīja describes a fourfold system for attaining liberation (
The teaching is presented as a dialogue between the goddess
It is one of the few early
On mantras, the Yogabīja mentions the involuntary
The text states (verses 80–86) that controlling the breath with pranayama controls the mind (and is the only way of doing so), and that this leads to liberation.[11]
It describes Laya Yoga as the "dissolution of the mind", leading to steadiness of breath and the highest happiness, svātmānanda, "bliss in one's own self" (verses 150–151). Mallinson comments that so defined, Laya Yoga is hardly distinguishable from Rāja Yoga, the practice of
The Yogabīja formalises the distinction between supernatural powers (
Esoteric interpretation
The Yogabīja is the source of the esoteric etymology of "Haṭha", deriving the term from ha, the sun, and ṭha, the moon, stating that Haṭha yoga is the union (yoga) of the two. The "sun" and "moon" here do not however denote the heavenly bodies, but have several alternative esoteric interpretations, which the Indologist James Mallinson explains as:[8]
- the apāna, the upper and lower breaths;[8]
- the piṅgalā and iḍā nāḍīs, two of the main channels of the subtle body;[8]
- the deities
- the tip of the tongue, and the forehead.[8]
The Yogabīja states that yoga unites all dualities:[14]
The union of apāna and prāṇa, one's own rajas and semen, the sun and moon, the individual soul and supreme soul, and in the same way the union of all dualities, is called yoga. Yogabīja, 89–90[14]
References
- ^ a b Muñoz 2016, p. 124.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. xl.
- ^ Birch & Hanneder 2019.
- ^ Muñoz 2016, p. 125.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 7.
- ^ Muñoz 2016, p. 133.
- ^ Muñoz 2016, p. 132.
- ^ a b c d e f Mallinson 2011, pp. 770–781.
- ^ Mallinson 2016, pp. 109–140.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 263.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 132–133, 159–160.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 328, 346.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 361–362, 389–391.
- ^ a b Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 23.
Sources
- Birch, Jason; Hanneder, Jürgen (26 July 2019). "Yogabīja workshop - Marburg 23.–26.7.2019 Held by Jason Birch and Jürgen Hanneder" (PDF). University of Marburg. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
- )
- ISBN 978-1317585213.
- OCLC 928480104.
- Muñoz, Adrián (2016). "Yogabῑja: a Critical Transcription of a Text on a Haṭhayoga" (PDF). Nova Tellus. 33 (2): 123–152. ISSN 0185-3058.
- Nātha, Maccidānanda. "English translation of the Yogabījam of Gorakṣanātha". Published academia.edu (2023).
Further reading
- Śrīvāstava, Rāmalāla L., ed. (1982). Yogabīja (in Sanskrit). Gorakhpur: Gorakhanātha-Mandira.