Yojuane
Regions with significant populations | |
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( Jumano Indians |
The Yojuane were a people who lived in Texas in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. They were closely associated with the
Etymology
It has been proposed on little evidence that the tribe got its name because one of its members when asked who they were replied "yo Juan".[1]
Language
Many scholars starting with
History
The Yojuane were first mentioned by Spanish chroniclers about 1690. At this time they were led by a man named Cantana who had been on occasion to
In the 1740s the Yojuane along with their allies the
In March 1749 there were only 74 Yojuane people counted at the Mission San Francisco Xavier along the San Gabriel River, but there may have been others who were not in the mission.[7]
In 1759 a Yojuane camp was attacked by an expedition of Spaniards and Apaches, with by some accounts a third of the population killed, another third escaping and a third taken as captives.[8] Other sources suggest that 55 Yojuanes were killed and 149, all women and children, were taken captive. Many of the captives died of small pox while those who survived were made into slaves.[9] (See Battle of the Twin Villages)
Among these was a boy who was sold to a Spanish soldier who gave the child the name Miguel Perez. Perez became a Hispanicized Indian of San Antonio but he continued to maintain contact with the Yojuanes. In 1786 Perez was recruited to convince the Yojuanes and their Tonkawa allies to go to war with the
Notes
- ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 277
- ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 276-277
- ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 35
- ^ Anderson, The Indiana Southwest, p. 277
- ^ Barr, Peace Came in the Form, p. 46
- ^ John, Storms Brewed, p. 277 and Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 85
- ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 86
- ^ John, Storms Brewed, p. 699
- ^ Barr, Peace Came in the Form, p. 189
- ^ John, Storms Brewed, p. 699
Sources
- Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Indian Southwest, 1580-1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.
- Barr, Juliana. Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
- John, Elizabeth. Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1975.