Yojuane

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Yojuane
Regions with significant populations
( 
Jumano Indians

The Yojuane were a people who lived in Texas in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. They were closely associated with the

Yowani
in Texas, a Choctaw band.

Etymology

It has been proposed on little evidence that the tribe got its name because one of its members when asked who they were replied "yo Juan".[1]

Language

Many scholars starting with

Uto-Aztecan language, largely based on the ability of Nahuatl speakers to converse with the Jumano and Yojuane when they first met as part of the Spanish expeditions.[2]

History

The Yojuane were first mentioned by Spanish chroniclers about 1690. At this time they were led by a man named Cantana who had been on occasion to

Nuevo Leon to join the Yojuane due to the Spanish incursion into that area.[4] In 1709 when Isidro de Espinosa met a hunting party of Yojuane the Simonos and Tusonibis were still distinct groups but also hunting with the part.[5]

In the 1740s the Yojuane along with their allies the

Ervipiames asked for Franciscan missions to be established for them. They later moved into missions along the San Gabriel River, moving south and west of the Rancheria Grande.[6]

In March 1749 there were only 74 Yojuane people counted at the Mission San Francisco Xavier along the San Gabriel River, but there may have been others who were not in the mission.[7]

In 1759 a Yojuane camp was attacked by an expedition of Spaniards and Apaches, with by some accounts a third of the population killed, another third escaping and a third taken as captives.[8] Other sources suggest that 55 Yojuanes were killed and 149, all women and children, were taken captive. Many of the captives died of small pox while those who survived were made into slaves.[9] (See Battle of the Twin Villages)

Among these was a boy who was sold to a Spanish soldier who gave the child the name Miguel Perez. Perez became a Hispanicized Indian of San Antonio but he continued to maintain contact with the Yojuanes. In 1786 Perez was recruited to convince the Yojuanes and their Tonkawa allies to go to war with the

Iscanis, and Flechazos in attacking the Apaches.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 277
  2. ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 276-277
  3. ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 35
  4. ^ Anderson, The Indiana Southwest, p. 277
  5. ^ Barr, Peace Came in the Form, p. 46
  6. ^ John, Storms Brewed, p. 277 and Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 85
  7. ^ Anderson, The Indian Southwest, p. 86
  8. ^ John, Storms Brewed, p. 699
  9. ^ Barr, Peace Came in the Form, p. 189
  10. ^ John, Storms Brewed, p. 699

Sources

  • Anderson, Gary Clayton. The Indian Southwest, 1580-1830: Ethnogenesis and Reinvention. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999.
  • Barr, Juliana. Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
  • John, Elizabeth. Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish and French in the Southwest, 1540-1795. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1975.
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