Yonkers, New York
Yonkers | ||
---|---|---|
City | ||
Corporation of the City of Yonkers | ||
(2023) | ||
D) | ||
• City Council | Members' List | |
Area FIPS code | 36-84000[2] | |
GNIS feature ID | 0971828[3] | |
Website | www.yonkersny.gov |
Yonkers (
Yonkers' downtown is centered on a
The city is home to several attractions, including access to the Hudson River,
Name
In July 1645, the area was granted to Adriaen van der Donck, the patroon of Colendonck. Van der Donck was known locally as the Jonkheer ('young gentleman'), a Dutch honorific title derived from the old Dutch jonk ('young') and heer ('lord'). In effect, it meant "Esquire". Jonkheer was shortened to Jonker (possessive form: Jonkers), from which the name Yonkers is directly derived.[7]: 91
The
History
Early settlements
The indigenous Native American village of Nappeckamack was located near the Neperah stream (now
Adriaen van der Donck built a saw mill near the confluence of Nepperhan Creek and the Hudson River. Van der Donck died in 1655. Near the site of Van der Donck's mill is Philipse Manor Hall, a Colonial-era manor house owned by Dutch colonists. In modern times, the manor is operated as a museum and archive. Around 1682, the original structure was built by workmen and slaves for Frederick Philipse and his wife Margaret Hardenbroeck de Vries. Philipse was a wealthy Dutchman who, by the time of his death, had amassed an enormous estate which encompassed the entire modern city of Yonkers and several other Hudson River towns. Philipse's great-grandson, Frederick Philipse III, was a prominent Loyalist during the American Revolution. He had many economic and political ties to English businessmen. Because of his political leanings, he fled to England. The American colonists in New York state confiscated and sold all lands and property that belonged to the Philipse family.[10]
Gentrification and redlining of neighborhoods
Yonkers has undergone several changes to neighborhoods in a effort to revitalize the city including gentrification. Changes were done to the Yonkers waterfront including a revitalization of green spaces, which brought an increase in the quality of life for wealthier residents.[6]
In the 1980s, as residents were fighting against segregation, residents of the western area of downtown Yonkers opposed the Pierpointe, a condominium complex development proposal that would build over 1,900 condominiums including six 38-story towers. Critics stated that the proposal would bring homelessness and gentrification to the area as the total rent amount would make it harder for poorer residents to pay.[11]
The gentrification process in the downtown area raised concerns that it could force poorer residents of the city.[12] A painting named "But It’s Ours: The Redline Between Poverty and Wealth", which was created by Shanequa Benitez, symbolizes the effects of gentrification on the city. The painting is displayed at the Yonkers Arts Gallery.[13]
In an effort to combat redlining in Yonkers, the city announced the Yonkers Greenway project, a $14 million project that would run on tracks that were used by former railways such as the New York and Putnam Railroad. The tracks will run 3.1 miles from the Van Cortlandt Park to areas of downtown Getty Square.[14] Construction is expected to start in spring of 2024 and is estimated to be completed in 2026.[15]
Incorporation and growth
The Village of Yonkers was incorporated in the western part of the Town of Yonkers in 1854, and the village was incorporated as a city in 1872. In 1873, the southern part of the Town of Yonkers, outside the City of Yonkers, was separated as the Town of Kingsbridge. This included the current neighborhoods of
In 1942, a short subway connection was planned between Getty Square and the
In 1937, a 175-foot water tower collapsed in the Nodine Hills area, injuring 9 people.[20]: 1 : 4–5 The injury toll increased by 3 after the collapse, bringing the total number of injuries to 12.[21]: 1 Around 100,000 U.S. gallons (380,000 L) of water from the tower were spilled, causing flooding in the area that crushed cars and damaged homes. Construction on the new tower began in 1938, and the tower opened a year later in 1939.[22]
Wartime history
During the
During
During World War II, the city's factories were converted to produce items for the war effort, such as tents and blankets by the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet factory and tanks by the Otis Elevator factory. After World War II, increased competition from less expensive imports resulted in a decline in manufacturing in Yonkers, and numerous industrial jobs were lost.[25]
Industrial history
Yonkers initially was a small farming town producing peaches, apples, potatoes, oats, wheat, and other agricultural goods to be shipped to
Around the same time, the Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company in the Saw Mill River Valley expanded to 45 buildings, 800 looms, and more than 4,000 workers. It was known as one of the premier carpet-producing centers in the world.[29]: 15 Aside from being a manufacturing center, Yonkers played a key role in the development of sports recreation in the United States.
In 1888, Scottish-born John Reid founded Saint Andrew's Golf Club in Yonkers; it was the first golf course in the United States.[30] Beginning in 1888, the New York City and Northern Railway Company (later the New York Central Railroad) connected Yonkers to Manhattan and points north. A three-mile spur to Getty Square operated until 1943.[31][32] Bakelite, the first completely synthetic plastic, was invented c. 1907 in Yonkers by Leo Baekeland, and manufactured there until the late 1920s.[33]
In the early 20th century, Yonkers hosted
Alexander Smith Carpet Company, one of the city's largest employers, ceased operation during a labor dispute in June 1954.
Racial discrimination and United States v. Yonkers
In 1960, the population of Yonkers was 95.8% white and 4.0% black.
In 1980, the NAACP and the federal government filed suit against the city of Yonkers and its board of education, beginning United States v. Yonkers.
Yonkers gained national and international attention during the summer of 1988, when it backed out of its previous agreement to build municipal public housing in the eastern portions of the city, an agreement it had made in a
As as a result of the federal lawsuit, Yonker's public school enrollment dropped from 54% of the city's eligible population to under 30% as thousands of white families either left the city for suburbs or enrolled their children in private schools, effectively gutting Yonker's middle class and tax base. This compounded the school district's financial burden as they estimated the cost for integration was over $262 million. Being forced to cut programs, Yonker's schools slid heavily in national rankings as test scores also sharply declined. By 1995 The New York Times called the desegregation effort "a profound disappointment to blacks and whites alike." Michael Sussmann, the NAACP's lawyer during the case, blamed Sand for failing to set federal funds aside to help relieve the cost of integration.[52]
21st century
In the 2000s, some areas of Yonkers that border similar neighborhoods in
Two of the former Alexander Smith and Sons Carpet Company loft buildings, located at 540 and 578 Nepperhan Avenue, have been repurposed to house the
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the city opened several test sites at the ParkCare Pavilion of St. John's Riverside Hospital, which was seen as a COVID-19 hotspot in the city.[59] The test site was operated by the New York State Department of Health during the pandemic.[60] More test sites opened in the city as students prepared to return to school for in-person learning.[61]
In February 2023, the Yonkers City Council approved the US Post Office on Main Street for Local Landmark status after being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.[62]
On September 29, 2023, a state of emergency was declared in the city after flash flooding affected most of the Hudson Valley and New York City. Most of the parkways in the area were closed and flooding was reported in the Mount Vernon area of the city.[63] Following the floodings, crews pumped water out of homes.[64]
Yonkers has been used as a filming location for many films and television series.[65] The City Hall courtroom is used for many film scenes and commercials.[66] Yonkers is part of New York City's union zone, meaning crews do not need to be paid travel fees.[67][needs update?] Catch Me If You Can (2002) and Mona Lisa Smile (2003) were partially filmed in Yonkers.[67][68] Yonkers is the setting of two feature films by local filmmaker Robert Celestino: Mr. Vincent (1997) and Yonkers Joe (2008).[69][70] also in 2011, 2 times Grammy winning artist Tyler the Creator released his song Yonkers that boosted him into fame. Yonkers is also the setting for A Tale of Two Pizzas (2005).[71] Neil Simon's play Lost in Yonkers and its film adaptation are set in the city.[72] The city also opened a new Lionsgate Studios facility, which hosts the Spanish multimedia communications group Mediapro, and a new $500 expansion will be planned for the facility that would make it the largest production filming in the Northeast.[73]
Geography
Yonkers is 20.3 square miles (53 km2), including 18.1 square miles (47 km2) of land and 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2) of water. The
: 2The city is spread out over hills rising from near sea level at the eastern bank of the Hudson River to 416 feet (127 m) above sea level at Sacred Heart Church, whose spire can be seen from Long Island, New York City, and New Jersey.
Yonkers is considered a City of Seven Hills; the seven hills are Park, Nodine, Ridge, Cross, Locust, Glen, and Church Hills.[75][76] Much of the city developed around the Saw Mill River, which enters Yonkers from the north and flows into the Hudson River in the Getty Square neighborhood.[77] Portions of the Saw Mill River were earlier buried in flumes beneath parking lots, but have since been uncovered (daylighted).[78] Daylighting promotes the restoration of habitat for plants, fish, and other fauna, and helps develop an understanding of where Native Americans camped in spring and summer months.[79]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 8,218 | — | |
1870 | 12,733 | 54.9% | |
1880 | 18,892 | 48.4% | |
1890 | 32,033 | 69.6% | |
1900 | 47,931 | 49.6% | |
1910 | 79,803 | 66.5% | |
1920 | 100,176 | 25.5% | |
1930 | 134,646 | 34.4% | |
1940 | 142,598 | 5.9% | |
1950 | 152,798 | 7.2% | |
1960 | 190,634 | 24.8% | |
1970 | 204,297 | 7.2% | |
1980 | 195,351 | −4.4% | |
1990 | 188,082 | −3.7% | |
2000 | 196,086 | 4.3% | |
2010 | 195,976 | −0.1% | |
2020 | 211,569 | 8.0% | |
Historical sources: 1790–1990[80][81] |
As of the 2018
As of the 2010 census,
After data from the 2020 Census was released, the city population of Yonkers grew by 8% from 2010 to 2020, making the population of residents increase from 195,976 to 211,569. Yonkers surpassed Rochester as the third largest city in New York, trailing only Buffalo and New York City.[88] The census release saw a rise in the increase of Hispanics, with the population of the non-Hispanic population decreasing to 33% from 41.4% in 2010.[89] The amount of Hispanics and Latinos rose to 40%. and the amount of Asians increased to 5.9%. The city also reported a decrease in whites from 55.8% to 46.3%.[90]
Demographic profile | 2020[90] | 2010[87] | 1990[40] | 1970[40] | 1950[40] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
White |
46.3% | 55.8% | 76.2% | 92.9% | 96.7% |
—Non-Hispanic | 33% | 41.4% | 67.1% | 89.9% | N/A |
Black or African American |
18.7% | 16.0% | 14.1% | 6.4% | 3.2% |
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 40.0% | 34.7% | 16.7% | 3.5% | N/A |
Asian |
5.9% | 5.8% | 3.0% | 0.4% | — |
Neighborhoods
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2014) |
Yonkers includes several small residential enclaves and communities that fall into four quarters, demarcated by the Saw Mill River. There are at least 38 distinct neighborhoods, but many of their original names are rarely used except by older residents and real-estate brokers.[91]
Northeast Yonkers
Northeast Yonkers is a primarily
Northeast Yonkers contains the affluent neighborhoods of
Northwest Yonkers
Northwest Yonkers is a collection of widely varying neighborhoods, spanning from the Hudson River to around the
An interest in historic preservation has taken hold in this area in recent years, as demonstrated on streets like Shonnard Terrace, Delavan Terrace, and Hudson Terrace. In Delavan Terrace, this was shown with the 1854 Smith-Collins House, which was considered as part of the city's architecture in a 1983 article by The New York Times.[94] The house was demolished in 2007, and former City Council President Chuck Lesnick called for a legislation that would make a demolition of a 75-year-old landmark in the city be subject to the landmark review process.[95]
Neighborhoods include Nepera Park, Runyon Heights, Homefield, Glenwood, and Greystone. Landmarks include the Hudson River Museum, the Lenoir Nature Preserve, and Untermyer Park and Gardens.[96]
The two-block section of Palisade Avenue between Chase and Roberts Avenues in northwest Yonkers is colloquially known as "the north end" or "the end". It was, and still is, the only retail area in northwest Yonkers, and was well known for its soda fountain, Urich's Stationery, and Robbins Pharmacy. It was once the end of the #2 trolley line, which has since been replaced by a Bee-line Bus route. Nepperhan Avenue in Nepera Park is a major shopping district for the area.
Southeast Yonkers
The residents of southeast Yonkers are mostly Irish American and Italian American. Among the Irish Americans, there is a notable population of recent immigrants from Ireland.
Many residents regard eastern McLean Avenue, home to a vibrant Irish community shared with Woodlawn, to be the true hub of Yonkers.
Southwest Yonkers
Getty Square is Yonkers's downtown and the civic center and central business district of the city. Much of southwest Yonkers grew densely along the multiple railroads and trolley (now bus) lines along South Broadway and in Getty Square, connecting to New York City. Clusters of apartment buildings surrounded the stations of the Yonkers branch of the New York and Putnam Railroad and the Third Avenue Railway trolley lines and these buildings still remain although now served by the Bee-Line Bus System. The railroad companies themselves built neighborhoods of mixed housing types ranging from apartment buildings to large mansions in areas like Park Hill wherein the railroad also built a funicular to connect it with the train station in the valley.[103]
Off South Broadway and Yonkers Avenue one can find residential neighborhoods, such as Lowerre, Nodine Hill,
Southwest Yonkers was traditionally populated by African American and white residents; it has seen an influx of immigrants from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, South Asia, and the Middle East. Many residents are of African, Caribbean, Italian, Polish, or Mexican descent. Some neighborhoods on the
The area is home to significant historical and educational institutions including the historic Philipse Manor Hall, the Science Barge, Beczak Environmental Education Center, and a 2003 Yonkers Public Library.[106] The revitalization of the Getty Square area has helped to nurture growth for Southwest Yonkers. In the early 21st century, several new luxury apartment buildings were built along the Hudson River. A Victorian-era pier was renovated, and a new public library was housed in the remodeled Otis elevator factory. Peter X. Kelly's fine dining restaurant, X20 Xaviar's on the Hudson, is located at the renovated pier.[107] In 2020, several more new rental buildings were placed at the river's edge on Alexander Street. Sawyer Place is an 18-story building that sits atop the site of the original old mill.[108][109] There are new proposals along with the current projects which are intended to revitalize downtown Yonkers.
Government
Phillipse Manor Hall was the site of the first Yonkers Village Hall and City Hall from 1868 to approximately 1906.[96]
Yonkers is governed via a
Yonkers, like the rest of Westchester County and New York state, is typically a Democratic stronghold on the national level. In 1992, Yonkers voted for George H. W. Bush over Bill Clinton and Ross Perot for president, but it has voted solidly Democratic ever since. At a local level, recent mayors of Yonkers have included Republicans Phil Amicone and John Spencer, and the Yonkers City Council has mostly been controlled by Republicans. In the State Assembly, Yonkers is represented by Democrats J. Gary Pretlow and Nader Sayegh, and in the State Senate by Democrats Andrea Stewart-Cousins and Shelley Mayer. At the federal level, Democratic representative Jamaal Bowman represents the city.
Education
Public schools in Yonkers are operated by
Three libraries are operated by the Yonkers Public Library: Crestwood, Riverfront, and Grinton I. Will. The Carnegie Library, funded by Andrew Carnegie, was demolished in May 1982 to make way for the expansion of Nepperhan Avenue into an arterial roadway.[115][116]: 34
Transportation
Mass transit
Yonkers has the eleventh-highest rate of public transit ridership among cities in the United States, and 27% of Yonkers households do not own a car.[117]
Bus service in Yonkers is provided by the Westchester County
Through
Beginning in the late 19th century, the area was also served by the
Roads and paths
Major limited-access roads in Yonkers include Interstate 87 (the New York State Thruway) and the Saw Mill, Bronx River, Sprain Brook, and Cross County parkways. US 9, NY 9A, and NY 100 are important surface streets.
The main line of the former New York and Putnam Railroad has been converted into a paved walking and bicycling path called the
The historic
Fire department
The city of Yonkers is served by the
Economy
Yonkers is home to several brewing companies, most notably the Simple Motive Brewing Company and Yonkers Brewing Company.[128] The Yonkers Brewing Company opened in 2015 at the former Yonkers Trolley Barn, a former trolley station that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Prior to its opening, brewery was associated with former mobster Dutch Schultz.[129] In 2023, the Simple Motive Brewing Company opened in the Carpet Mills Art District at The Mills, a former 55,000-square-feet warehouse that specialized in carpet manufacturing, after years of obstacles delayed its opening.[130][128]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Yonkers recorded an unemployment rate of 18.7%, with around 17,800 unemployed.[131] The unemployment rate increased to 19.4% in July 2020, the highest in the cities history. In April 2023, the city unemployment rate was 2.8%, the lowest in the city history.[132]
Principal employers
According to Yonkers' 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[133] the principal employers in the city are:
- Montefiore IT – 780 employees
- Liberty Lines Transit – 689 employees
- Yonkers Raceway– 566 employees
- Stew Leonard's – 511 employees
- Kawasaki Rail– 455 employees
- Consumer Reports – 508 employees
- American Sugar Refining – 318 employees
- Macy's – 285 employees
- Cintas – 220 employees
Notable people
Twin towns – sister cities
Yonkers is twinned with:
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Further reading
- Allison, Charles Elmer. The History of Yonkers. Westchester County, New York (1896).
- Duffy, Jennifer Nugent. Who's Your Paddy?: Racial Expectations and the Struggle for Irish American Identity (NYU Press, 2013), Irish Catholics in Yonkers
- Hufeland, Otto. Westchester County During the American Revolution, 1775–1783 (1926)
- Madden, Joseph P. ed. A Documentary History of Yonkers, New York: The Unsettled Years, 1853–1860 (Vol. 2. Heritage Books, 1992)
- Weigold, Marilyn E., Yonkers in the Twentieth Century (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2014). xvi, 364 pp.
External links
- Official website
- Yonkers at Curlie