York County, South Carolina
York County | |
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UTC−4 (EDT) | |
Congressional district | 5th |
Website | www |
York County is a county on the north central border in the U.S. state of
York County is part of the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
Pre-colonial and early colonial history
With a population of nearly 6,000 at the time of first European contact, the native inhabitants, the
The
The first European settlers in the
North Carolina's rule
Before the boundaries between the two Carolinas were fixed,[4] the northern portion of York County was part of Bladen County, North Carolina, and in 1750 it was included in the newly created Anson County, North Carolina (the first land grants and deeds for the region were issued in Anson). In 1762 Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, was formed from western Anson and included present-day northern York County. Five years later, the area became part of Tryon County, North Carolina, which comprised all of North Carolina west of the Catawba River and south of Rowan County. This area would remain a part of Tryon County until 1772, when the boundary between North and South Carolina in this portion was finally established.[5]
18th century
After its transfer to South Carolina in 1772, much of the area was known as the New Acquisition. In 1785, York County was one of the original counties in the newly created state of South Carolina, and its boundaries remained unchanged until 1897, when a small portion of the northwestern corner (including the site of the Battle of Kings Mountain), was ceded to the newly formed Cherokee County, South Carolina.
By 1780, the Carolina Upcountry had an estimated population of more than 250,000, predominantly Scots-Irish Presbyterians but with significant numbers of other
Sandwiched between unfriendly natives to the west,
Residents of the Upcountry were initially slow to take sides in the
After the defeat of the British, Upcountry residents enjoyed a greater share of administration in their region. The area experienced phenomenal growth after the war. In first United States census (1790), York County had a population of 6,604; 923 were listed as slaves, with a quarter of the county's slaves belonging to just nine men. Less than 15% of the county's population lived in bondage in 1790, while the state averaged 30%.
A county seat was laid out in 1786 at Fergus' Cross Roads, where several roads converged near the
19th century
Early 19th century through Civil War
With the introduction of the cotton gin in the 1790s, the county's economic prospects increased as the importance of "King Cotton" grew, and slavery became an integral part of the economy. In 1800, 25% of all white families in the Upcountry owned slaves, but by 1820 nearly 40% were slaveholders. Slave ownership increased significantly in York County between 1800 and 1860, though most slaves worked on small and medium-sized farms rather than larger plantations. In 1800, whites made up 82.10% of the total population in York County, but by 1860 the white percentage of the total population had dropped to 62.50%. Figures from 1860 reveal slave holdings in York County were relatively small, with approximately 70% of all farms holding fewer than 10 slaves and less than 3% of the farms with 50 or more.
The proportion of York District farms in 1860 was:
- Less than 50 acres (0.20 km2): 20%
- 51 to 100 acres (0.2 to 0.4 km2 (0 sq mi)): 23.9%
- 101 to 500 acres (0.4 to 2 km2 (1 sq mi)): 53.9%
- More than 500 acres (2.0 km2): 2.7%
In 1810 the York District had increased in population to more than 10,000, of which over 3,000 were slaves. By 1850, York District included 15,000 residents, over 40% of whom were slaves. On the eve of the Civil War, the county's population had grown to approximately 21,500, with almost 1/2 of the population enslaved labor. York County was heavily tied to agriculture, with 93% of the work force involved in raising crops in 1850, while the rest of the United States averaged a 78% agricultural work force.
In 1825 only three post offices operated in all of York County, at Yorkville, Blairsville and Hopewell, but by 1852 York District had 27. The county's first newspaper, The Yorkville Pioneer, was established in 1823 (it ran for little more than a year), and was followed by several other attempts, until The Yorkville Enquirer was first published in 1855 (and which remains in publication today).
Chartered in 1848, the Kings Mountain Railroad Company began construction of a connecting line between Yorkville and the Charlotte and South Carolina Railway at Chester (completed in 1852). Rock Hill, located along the Charlotte and South Carolina route, rapidly developed as a transportation center in eastern York County, boasting 100 residents in 1860.
More than a dozen academies were operating in the county at the outbreak of the Civil War. The most famous was the Kings Mountain Military Academy in Yorkville, founded in 1854 by Micah Jenkins and Asbury Coward.
On the eve of the Civil War, York District was one of the more populated districts in Upstate South Carolina.[6] There were 14 infantry companies formed in York County after war was declared. Of the 4,379 soldiers enlisted from York County, 805 died and many more were wounded.[7] Only one minor battle was fought in the York District, the battle for the Catawba Bridge at Nations Ford in 1865.
Late 19th century
Between 1868 and 1871, York County became a hotbed of
During
Railroad development continued in York County after the war's end, and in 1880 the Rock Hill Cotton Factory, the first
20th century
Cotton production remained the dominant agriculture export in early 20th century York County, with the textile industry continuing to develop. Rock Hill became the hub of this industry, while mills blossomed throughout the county. South Carolina's peak cotton crop was harvested in 1921, and thereafter, cotton production began a long and steady decline, due in part to boll weevil infestations, soil erosion, and mechanization of farming technologies. The New Deal programs of the 1930s prodded farmers into switching to different crops, with cotton gradually becoming less and less the focal point of the county's economy.
In 1904 the Catawba Dam and Power Plant was completed, and
Geography and climate
According to the
York County is located in north central
Climate
York County has a humid subtropical climate, characterized by hot, humid summers and cool, dry winters. Precipitation does not vary greatly between seasons. July is the hottest month, with an average high temperature of 91 °F (33 °C) and an average low temperature of 71 °F (22 °C).[16] The coldest month of the year is January, when the average high temperature is around 53 °F (12 °C) and the average low temperature bottoms out at 33 °F (1 °C).[16] The warmest temperature ever recorded in York County was in Rock Hill, was 106 °F (41 °C), on August 21, 1983,[17] and the coldest temperature ever recorded was also in Rock Hill at −6 °F (−21 °C), on January 21, 1985.[16]
Mountains
- Henry's Knob
- Joe's Mountain
- King's Mountain
- Nanny Mountain
Major water bodies
National protected areas/sites
- Catawba Reservation
- Kings Mountain National Military Park (part)
- Historic Brattonsville
State and local protected areas/sites
- Anne Springs Close Greenway - Adventure Road/Lake Haigler
- Brattonsville Historic District
- Draper Wildlife Management Area[18]
- Herbert Kirsh Wildlife Conservation Area[18]
- James Ross Wildlife Reservation[18]
- Kings Mountain State Park
- Museum of York County
- McConnells Tract[18]
- Rock Hill Blackjacks Heritage Preserve/Wildlife Management Area[18]
- Worth Mountain Wildlife Management Area[18]
Adjacent counties
A border county separating North Carolina and South Carolina, York County shares boundaries with the following counties in both states:
- Gaston County, North Carolina – north
- Mecklenburg County, North Carolina – northeast
- Lancaster County – east
- Chester County – south
- Union County – southwest
- Cherokee County – west
- Cleveland County, North Carolina – northwest
Major highways
Major infrastructure
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 6,604 | — | |
1800 | 10,250 | 55.2% | |
1810 | 10,032 | −2.1% | |
1820 | 14,936 | 48.9% | |
1830 | 17,790 | 19.1% | |
1840 | 18,383 | 3.3% | |
1850 | 19,433 | 5.7% | |
1860 | 21,502 | 10.6% | |
1870 | 24,286 | 12.9% | |
1880 | 30,713 | 26.5% | |
1890 | 38,831 | 26.4% | |
1900 | 41,684 | 7.3% | |
1910 | 47,718 | 14.5% | |
1920 | 50,536 | 5.9% | |
1930 | 53,418 | 5.7% | |
1940 | 58,663 | 9.8% | |
1950 | 71,596 | 22.0% | |
1960 | 78,760 | 10.0% | |
1970 | 85,216 | 8.2% | |
1980 | 106,720 | 25.2% | |
1990 | 131,497 | 23.2% | |
2000 | 164,614 | 25.2% | |
2010 | 226,073 | 37.3% | |
2020 | 282,090 | 24.8% | |
2023 (est.) | 298,320 | [1] | 5.8% |
U.S. Decennial Census[19] 1790–1960[20] 1900–1990[21] 1990–2000[22] 2010[2] 2020[1] |
2020 census
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
White (non-Hispanic)
|
188,015 | 66.65% |
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)
|
51,298 | 18.18% |
Native American
|
1,892 | 0.67% |
Asian
|
8,745 | 3.1% |
Pacific Islander
|
111 | 0.04% |
Other/Mixed
|
13,091 | 4.64% |
Latino
|
18,938 | 6.71% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 282,090 people, 108,400 households, and 74,041 families residing in the county.
2010 census
At the
Of the 85,864 households, 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.9% were non-families, and 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age was 37.2 years.[24]
The median income for a household in the county was $51,925 and the median income for a family was $65,188. Males had a median income of $47,017 versus $34,096 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,707. About 9.4% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.[27]
2000 census
At the
There were 61,051 households, out of which 35.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.10% were married couples living together, 13.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.40% were non-families. 21.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.30% under the age of 18, 9.50% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 10.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 94.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $44,539, and the median income for a family was $51,815. Males had a median income of $36,713 versus $24,857 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,536. About 7.30% of families and 10.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.10% of those under age 18 and 9.60% of those age 65 or over.
Law and government
Law enforcement
In 2014, a York County Sheriff's deputy shot an unarmed 70-year-old man after the deputy mistook his cane for a rifle. The deputy was found to have acted appropriately.[29]
Politics
In 2020 Joe Biden received 41.0 percent of the vote. This was the best result for a Democrat since 1980 when Jimmy Carter received 50.2 percent of the vote and won York County.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 82,727 | 57.43% | 59,008 | 40.96% | 2,315 | 1.61% |
2016 | 66,754 | 58.37% | 41,593 | 36.37% | 6,010 | 5.26% |
2012 | 59,546 | 59.42% | 39,131 | 39.05% | 1,533 | 1.53% |
2008 | 54,500 | 58.17% | 37,918 | 40.47% | 1,278 | 1.36% |
2004 | 45,234 | 64.45% | 24,226 | 34.52% | 721 | 1.03% |
2000 | 33,776 | 62.14% | 19,251 | 35.42% | 1,324 | 2.44% |
1996 | 22,222 | 52.26% | 16,873 | 39.68% | 3,428 | 8.06% |
1992 | 21,297 | 48.74% | 15,844 | 36.26% | 6,553 | 15.00% |
1988 | 21,657 | 65.02% | 11,458 | 34.40% | 193 | 0.58% |
1984 | 20,008 | 67.99% | 9,273 | 31.51% | 146 | 0.50% |
1980 | 11,265 | 46.85% | 12,075 | 50.22% | 703 | 2.92% |
1976 | 9,843 | 41.00% | 14,099 | 58.73% | 63 | 0.26% |
1972 | 14,441 | 68.68% | 6,374 | 30.31% | 211 | 1.00% |
1968 | 7,596 | 37.48% | 5,571 | 27.49% | 7,102 | 35.04% |
1964 | 7,292 | 46.62% | 8,346 | 53.36% | 4 | 0.03% |
1960 | 5,512 | 38.77% | 8,707 | 61.23% | 0 | 0.00% |
1956 | 3,508 | 30.41% | 6,835 | 59.25% | 1,192 | 10.33% |
1952 | 5,281 | 41.34% | 7,495 | 58.66% | 0 | 0.00% |
1948 | 167 | 4.69% | 1,412 | 39.64% | 1,983 | 55.67% |
1944 | 127 | 4.55% | 2,637 | 94.48% | 27 | 0.97% |
1940 | 118 | 4.49% | 2,508 | 95.51% | 0 | 0.00% |
1936 | 69 | 2.19% | 3,083 | 97.81% | 0 | 0.00% |
1932 | 129 | 3.58% | 3,476 | 96.42% | 0 | 0.00% |
1928 | 227 | 16.50% | 1,145 | 83.21% | 4 | 0.29% |
1924 | 31 | 2.11% | 1,385 | 94.09% | 56 | 3.80% |
1920 | 35 | 2.16% | 1,583 | 97.84% | 0 | 0.00% |
1916 | 23 | 1.62% | 1,393 | 98.31% | 1 | 0.07% |
1912 | 12 | 0.72% | 1,641 | 98.50% | 13 | 0.78% |
1908 | 29 | 1.77% | 1,606 | 98.23% | 0 | 0.00% |
1904 | 25 | 2.04% | 1,198 | 97.96% | 0 | 0.00% |
1900 | 37 | 3.00% | 1,198 | 97.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
1896 | 152 | 7.01% | 2,013 | 92.81% | 4 | 0.18% |
1892 | 319 | 12.60% | 2,212 | 87.40% | 0 | 0.00% |
Education
York County has four public school districts.
Communities
Cities
Towns
- Clover
- Fort Mill
- Hickory Grove
- McConnells
- Sharon
- Smyrna (partly in Cherokee County)
Census-designated places
- Baxter Village
- Catawba
- India Hook (mostly annexed into the City of Rock Hill)
- Lake Wylie
- Lesslie
- Newport (mostly annexed into the City of Rock Hill)
- Riverview
Other unincorporated communities
- Bethany
- Bethel
- Blairsville
- Bowling Green
- Bullock Creek
- Filbert
- Holy Islamville
- Hopewell
- Ogden
- Red River
- Smith
- Tirzah
Former places
See also
- List of counties in South Carolina
- National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, South Carolina
References
- ^ a b c "QuickFacts: York County, South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
- ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ^ "York County, South Carolina". Retrieved February 3, 2016.
- ^ Note: Several boundary changes took place between 1772 and 1805
- ^ Tryon County, North Carolina History, Alfred Nixon, 1910, accessed ???
- ISBN 0966970721., p. 35
- ^ Willoughby, Lynn; p. 35
- ^ a b c Pearl, Matthew (March 4, 2016). "K Troop: The story of the eradication of the original Ku Klux Klan". Slate.
- ^ Witt, John Fabian. Patriots and Cosmopolitans: Hidden Histories of American Law. Harvard University Press, June 30, 2009, p85-86, 128–149
- ^ Robertson, Pat; Johnsey, Ellen (October 31, 1965). "South Carolina's First Klan: York had 'Kyklos' in 1868" (PDF). The State.
- ISBN 978-0195167795.
- ^ "History – Our Company – Duke Energy". Duke Energy. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
- ^ "Our History – Duke Energy". duke-energy.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2005.
- ^ "2020 County Gazetteer Files – South Carolina". United States Census Bureau. August 23, 2022. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
- ^ "Hidden Treasures: Rocks And Minerals Of The South Carolina Piedmont". www.hiltonpond.org. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
- ^ a b c "Monthly Averages for Rock Hill, South Carolina". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
- ^ "August Daily Averages, Rock Hill, South Carolina". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f "SCDNR Public Lands". www2.dnr.sc.gov. Retrieved April 1, 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
- ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ^ Morrison, Sara (February 27, 2014). "Cop's Shooting of Unarmed 70-Year-Old Man Deemed 'Appropriate Response'". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 12, 2021.
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
Further reading
- West, Jerry Lee (2002). The Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan in York County, South Carolina, 1865–1877. McFarland. ISBN 0786412585.
External links
- Geographic data related to York County, South Carolina at OpenStreetMap
- Official website
- York County Regional Chamber of Commerce