Younger Memnon
 | This article includes a improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2023) ) |
| Younger Memnon colossal figure | |
|---|---|
_(Room_4).jpg) The Younger Memnon (Ramesses II) | |
| Material | Granite |
| Size | H: 267 cm (105 in) W: 203 cm (80 in) |
| Created | c. 1270 BC |
| Period/culture | 19th Dynasty |
| Place | Ramesseum, Doorway |
| Present location | Room 4, British Museum, London |
| Identification | EA 19 |
The Younger Memnon is an
temple in Thebes, Upper Egypt. It depicts the Nineteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II wearing the Nemes head-dress with a cobra diadem
on top. The damaged statue has since been separated from its upper torso and head. These sections can now be found in the British Museum. The remainder of the statue remains in Egypt. It is one of a pair that originally flanked the Ramesseum's doorway. The head of the other statue is still found at the temple.
Description
The Younger Memnon is 2.7 metres (8 ft 10 in) high × 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide (across the shoulders). It weighs 7.25 tons and was cut from a single block of two-coloured granite. There is a slight variation of normal conventions in that the eyes look down slightly more than usual, and to exploit the different colours (broadly speaking, the head is in one colour, and the body another).
Acquisition
Belzoni
expedition there, during which he did acquire but then lost the Rosetta Stone
. It was during this attempt that the hole on the right of the torso (just above Ramesses's right nipple) is said to have been made.
Following an idea mentioned to him by his friend
Nile opposite Luxor by hundreds of workmen. However, no boat was yet available to take it up to Alexandria and so Belzoni carried out an expedition to Nubia, returning by October. With French collectors also in the area possibly looking to acquire the statue, he then sent workmen to Esna to gain a suitable boat and in the meantime carried out further excavations in Thebes. He finally loaded the products of these digs, plus the Memnon, onto this boat and got it to Cairo by 15 December 1816. There he received and obeyed orders from Salt to unload all but the Memnon, which was then sent on to Alexandria
and London without him.
Anticipated by Shelley's poem "
Memnon in classical times, and are still known as the Colossi of Memnon. The British Museum
sculpture and its pair seem to have either been mistaken for them or suffered a similar misnaming).
British Museum
It was later acquired from Salt in 1821 by the British Museum and was at first displayed in the old
Townley Galleries (now demolished) for several years, then installed (using heavy ropes and lifting equipment and with help from the Royal Engineers) in 1834 in the new Egyptian Sculpture Gallery (now Room 4, where it now resides). The soldiers were commanded by a Waterloo veteran, Major Charles Cornwallis Dansey, lame from a wound sustained there, who therefore sat whilst commanding them. On its arrival there, it could be said to be the first piece of Egyptian sculpture to be recognized as a work of art rather than a curiosity low down in the chain of art (with ancient Greek art at the pinnacle of this chain). It is museum number EA 19.[1]
In February 2010, the statue was featured as object 20 in A History of the World in 100 Objects, a BBC Radio 4 programme by British Museum director Neil MacGregor.[2][3]
References
- ^ "The Younger Memnon › The British Museum". Britishmuseum.org. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
- ^ "A History of the World – Object: Statue of Ramesses II". BBC. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
- ^ "Colossal bust of Ramesses II, the 'Younger Memnon' › The British Museum". Britishmuseum.org. 14 May 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
Sources
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Younger Memnon.
- 3D model of the Younger Memnon via photogrammetric survey
- Encyclopaedic.net – extracts from Belzoni's account
- Publications
- James, T. G. H.; Davies, W. V. (1983), Egyptian Sculpture, Harvard University Press, p. 41, ISBN 978-0-674-24161-9
- G. Belzoni, Narrative of the operations and recent discoveries within the pyramids, temples, tombs, and excavations in Egypt and Nubia I (London, John Murray, 1822), pp. 61–80
- S. Quirke and A.J. Spencer, The British Museum book of ancient Egypt (London, The British Museum Press, 1992), pp. 126–7
- Albert M. Lythgoe, 'Statues of the Goddess Sekhmet', The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin Vol. 14, No. 10, Part 2 (Oct., 1919), pp. 1+3-23
- ISBN 0-226-54209-2
This article is about an item held in the British Museum. The object reference is EA 19.