Yreka, California
Yreka, California | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 06-86944 | | |
GNIS feature ID | 1652661[4] | |
Website | ci |
Yreka (
History
In March 1851, Abraham Thompson, a
Mark Twain tells a different story:
[Twain's mentor Bret] Harte had arrived in California in the [eighteen-]fifties, twenty-three or twenty-four years old, and had wandered up into the surface diggings of the camp at Yreka, a place which had acquired its mysterious name – when in its first days it much needed a name – through an accident. There was a bakeshop with a canvas sign which had not yet been put up but had been painted and stretched to dry in such a way that the word BAKERY, all but the B, showed through and was reversed. A stranger read it wrong end first, YREKA, and supposed that that was the name of the camp. The campers were satisfied with it and adopted it.[11]
In 1853–54, poet Joaquin Miller described Yreka as a bustling place with "a tide of people up and down and across other streets, as strong as if a city on the East Coast".[12] Incorporation proceedings were completed on April 21, 1857.[12]
Lynchings
There have been two documented lynchings in Yreka. The first took place on August 26, 1895, when four men—William Null, Garland Stemler, Luis Moreno, and Lawrence Johnson—awaiting trial for various charges of murder and robbery,[13] were simultaneously hanged by a lynch mob from a railroad tie suspended from two adjacent trees.[14][15]
The second lynching occurred on July 28, 1935. Clyde Johnson and Robert Miller Barr robbed a local business and its patrons in Castella, California.[16] They then stole a car from a patron and drove north to Dunsmuir, California, where they planned to abandon the car and make a getaway by train. Soon after they abandoned the car north of Dunsmuir, they were stopped by California Highway Patrolman George "Molly" Malone and Dunsmuir honorary Chief of Police, 38-year-old Frank R. "Jack" Daw. Johnson pulled out a Luger pistol and wounded both policemen. Malone recovered, but Daw died the next day.[17] Johnson was caught a few hours later by a dragnet and taken into custody. Barr, who was holding the $35 that they obtained from the robbery, panicked during the shootout and ran off into the woods, then escaped on a freight train. Daw was a beloved figure in Dunsmuir. His title of Chief of Police was given to him because of his cool head and experience as a World War I veteran. The night of Daw's funeral a dozen cars from Dunsmuir, carrying approximately 50 masked men, drove north to Yreka to lynch Johnson. On August 3, 1935, at 1:30 a.m., the vigilante mob reached the Yreka jail and lightly knocked on the door. Deputy Marin Lange, the only guard on duty at the jail, opened the door slightly and was quickly overtaken. He was driven nine miles east of Yreka where he was released, barefoot. The mob searched the jail, found Johnson, drove him away in one of the cars and hanged him from a pine tree.[18][19] Barr was arrested over a year later, on September 4, 1936, in Los Angeles on a burglary charge.[20] During his time on the run, he secured a part as an extra in the Nelson Eddy/Jeanette MacDonald film Rose Marie, scenes of which were filmed near Lake Tahoe. He is credited in the film under his real name.[21]
Yreka rebellion
On November 27, 1941, a group of young men gained national media attention when, brandishing hunting rifles for dramatic effect, they stopped traffic on
The secession movement ended quickly, though not before Del Norte County District Attorney John Leon Childs of Crescent City was inaugurated as governor of the State of Jefferson on December 4, 1941.[23]
The first blow was the death of Mayor Gable on December 2, followed by the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7. Those in favor of secession focused their efforts on the war effort, which crippled the movement.
Geography
Yreka is approximately 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level in the
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 10.1 sq mi (26 km2), of which 10.0 square miles (26 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.72%) is water.
Natural history
The official city flower of Yreka is the Yreka phlox (Phlox hirsuta).[24]
The only known specimen of Calochortus monanthus, the single-flowered mariposa lily, was collected near Yreka along the banks of the Shasta River, by botanist Edward Lee Greene, in June 1876.[25]
Nearby settlements
Nearby places include:[26]
- Montague: 6.4 miles (10.3 km) east
- Grenada: 11.5 miles (18.5 km) southeast
- Fort Jones: 17.2 miles (27.7 km) southwest
- Klamath River: 24.3 miles (39.1 km) northwest
- Hornbrook: 15.1 miles (24.3 km) north
Climate
According to the
The annual average temperature of Yreka is 53.5 °F (11.9 °C), July is the hottest month with 74.2 °F (23.4 °C), and December is the coldest month with 36.0 °F (2.2 °C). The average annual precipitation is 18.92 inches (481 mm), and the precipitation in winter (December-February) accounts for almost 48% of the whole year. The annual snowfall is 11.6 inches (290 mm), which is basically concentrated from November to February of the next year.
The annual extreme temperature ranged from −11 °F (−24 °C) on January 20, 1937, January 22, 1937, February 2, 1950, and December 9, 1972 to 112 °F (44 °C) on July 16, 1925, July 17, 1925, and July 27, 1939; the record cold daily maximum is 11 °F (−12 °C), set on January 22, 1962, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on July 22 and 23, 1915.[27] There are 66.6 days each year with the highest temperature over 90 °F (32 °C), 11.4 days with the highest temperature over 100 °F (38 °C), and 142.2 days with the lowest temperature below 32 °F (0 °C).
Climate data for Yreka, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 66 (19) |
74 (23) |
81 (27) |
96 (36) |
103 (39) |
109 (43) |
112 (44) |
110 (43) |
107 (42) |
95 (35) |
79 (26) |
66 (19) |
112 (44) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 57.6 (14.2) |
64.1 (17.8) |
72.8 (22.7) |
81.8 (27.7) |
90.8 (32.7) |
97.8 (36.6) |
103.4 (39.7) |
102.1 (38.9) |
96.8 (36.0) |
84.9 (29.4) |
69.9 (21.1) |
57.6 (14.2) |
104.7 (40.4) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 46.1 (7.8) |
51.7 (10.9) |
58.1 (14.5) |
64.3 (17.9) |
73.9 (23.3) |
82.9 (28.3) |
93.0 (33.9) |
92.2 (33.4) |
84.4 (29.1) |
69.7 (20.9) |
53.9 (12.2) |
44.9 (7.2) |
67.9 (19.9) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 36.7 (2.6) |
40.4 (4.7) |
45.2 (7.3) |
50.4 (10.2) |
58.6 (14.8) |
65.8 (18.8) |
74.2 (23.4) |
73.0 (22.8) |
65.7 (18.7) |
53.7 (12.1) |
42.5 (5.8) |
36.0 (2.2) |
53.5 (11.9) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 27.3 (−2.6) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
32.3 (0.2) |
36.5 (2.5) |
43.4 (6.3) |
48.6 (9.2) |
55.4 (13.0) |
53.8 (12.1) |
46.9 (8.3) |
37.7 (3.2) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
27.1 (−2.7) |
39.1 (3.9) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | 14.6 (−9.7) |
18.2 (−7.7) |
21.5 (−5.8) |
24.2 (−4.3) |
29.4 (−1.4) |
35.7 (2.1) |
43.4 (6.3) |
43.1 (6.2) |
35.2 (1.8) |
26.0 (−3.3) |
19.0 (−7.2) |
14.0 (−10.0) |
10.6 (−11.9) |
Record low °F (°C) | −11 (−24) |
−11 (−24) |
12 (−11) |
17 (−8) |
20 (−7) |
26 (−3) |
34 (1) |
33 (1) |
20 (−7) |
7 (−14) |
1 (−17) |
−11 (−24) |
−11 (−24) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.28 (83) |
2.17 (55) |
1.84 (47) |
1.30 (33) |
1.32 (34) |
0.74 (19) |
0.51 (13) |
0.31 (7.9) |
0.41 (10) |
1.14 (29) |
2.19 (56) |
3.71 (94) |
18.92 (481) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 4.3 (11) |
2.6 (6.6) |
0.4 (1.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.5 (3.8) |
2.6 (6.6) |
11.6 (29) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 13.2 | 9.9 | 11.1 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 10.6 | 12.8 | 90.6 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 inch) | 1.9 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 6.6 |
Source: NOAA[27][28] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 1,327 | — | |
1870 | 1,063 | −19.9% | |
1880 | 1,059 | −0.4% | |
1890 | 1,100 | 3.9% | |
1900 | 1,254 | 14.0% | |
1910 | 1,134 | −9.6% | |
1920 | 1,277 | 12.6% | |
1930 | 2,126 | 66.5% | |
1940 | 2,485 | 16.9% | |
1950 | 3,227 | 29.9% | |
1960 | 4,759 | 47.5% | |
1970 | 5,394 | 13.3% | |
1980 | 5,916 | 9.7% | |
1990 | 6,948 | 17.4% | |
2000 | 7,290 | 4.9% | |
2010 | 7,765 | 6.5% | |
2020 | 7,807 | 0.5% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[29] |
2010
The
The Census reported that 7,718 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 33 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 14 (0.2%) were institutionalized.
There were 3,394 households, out of which 983 (29.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,338 (39.4%) were married couples, 471 (13.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 160 (4.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 269 (7.9%) unmarried couples, and 17 (0.5%) gay couples. 1,202 households (35.4%) were made up of individuals, and 636 (18.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27. There were 1,969
The population was spread out, with 1,871 people (24.1%) under the age of 18, 678 people (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 1,603 people (20.6%) aged 25 to 44, 2,119 people (27.3%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,494 people (19.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.5 males.
There were 3,675 housing units at an average density of 365.6 per square mile (141.2/km2), of which 1,751 (51.6%) were owner-occupied, and 1,643 (48.4%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%. 3,895 people (50.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,823 people (49.2%) lived in rental housing units.
2000
As of the census
There were 3,114 households, out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.8% were married couples, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.92.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41. For every 100 females, there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females, age 18 and over, there were 83.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $27,398, and the median income for a family was $37,448. Males had a median income of $31,632 versus $23,986 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,664. About 17.5% of families and 21.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 33.6% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
West Miner Street-Third Street District | |
Built | 1854–1900 |
---|---|
NRHP reference No. | 72000258[32] |
CHISL No. | 901[33] |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | December 11, 1972 |
Designated CHISL | 1976 |
Tourists visit Yreka because it is at the northern edge of the
The town hosts Gold Rush Days every year in June.
In addition, because it is the county seat of Siskiyou County, a number of businesses related to the county courts, county recorder, and other official county functions are in the city. Butte Valley National Grassland is in northern Siskiyou County, near the Oregon border, but is administered from Yreka offices.[39][40]
Government
In the
Federally, Yreka is in California's 1st congressional district, represented by Republican Doug LaMalfa.[43]
Education
Yreka is home to a branch campus of the College of the Siskiyous[44] which hosts the Rural Health Science Institute[45] and Administration of Justice programs. The college is one of 10 California community colleges to offer on-campus housing.[46] High-school buses carry students from towns that would not otherwise be able to fund a secondary education.
In Yreka, the gold-mining era is commemorated with a gold museum, as well as with a remnant of a silver mining operation in Greenhorn Park. The Yreka Union High School District sports mascot is a gold miner. School colors are red and gold. Yreka High School was the first high school in the county, founded in 1894. It has 11 feeder districts that serve the approximately 1,200 square miles (3,100 km2) county area.[47]
The Yreka elementary school district is composed of Evergreen Elementary as well as the Jackson Street Middle School.
Media
The city and county are served by a
Infrastructure
Transportation
California State Route 3 runs east to Montague, and west to Fort Jones and Weaverville. California State Route 263 serves as a business loop of Interstate 5 through the northern part of the city.
General aviation uses the Montague Airport in Montague, 6 miles (9.7 km) to the east.
Notable people
- first degree murder on May 8, 2013.[53]
- Erik Bennett, Major League Baseball player, was born in Yreka.[54]
- Charles Earl Bowles, a.k.a. Black Bart, robbed a number of stagecoaches on the trails leading to or from Yreka in the 1880s.[55]
- Leander Clark, an Iowa state legislator and Union Army officer, prospected for gold in the Yreka area, returning home to the east coast via the isthmus of Panama in 1852, $3,000 to $4,000 richer.[56]
- Edward Silsby Farrington, United States federal judge, was born in Yreka.[57]
- Marco Grifantini, baseball player, was born in Yreka.[citation needed]
- William Irwin, Siskiyou representative and later governor of California.[14]
- Ross McCloud was Siskiyou County surveyor in the middle 1850s and laid out for improvement many of the trails and road courses still in use today.[58]
- Patrick F. McManus was a sutler killed in the Yreka area while hauling mail.[59]
- Tim Meamber, American football player, was born in Yreka.[60]
- Richie Myers, baseball player, was a resident of Yreka when he died there.[61]
- John Otto was the first park custodian at Colorado National Monument, and was a key advocate for its creation and its later inclusion in the National Park System. He spent his final 20 years on his mining claim near Yreka and was buried in a pauper's grave.[62]
- Eric Pianka, biologist, grew up in Yreka and experienced injuries related to a unfired bazooka round.[63]
- Elijah Steele, an early Northern California pioneer, state legislator, and Indian agent who tried to prevent the Modoc War, lived in Yreka when he was Superior Court Judge for Siskiyou County from 1879 to 1883.[64]
Palindromes
"Yreka Bakery" is a palindrome. The loss of the "B" in a bakery sign read from the reverse is mentioned as a possible source of the name Yreka in Mark Twain's autobiography.[11][65] The original Yreka Bakery was founded in 1856 by baker Frederick Deng.[66] The palindrome was recognized early on: "spell Yreka Bakery backwards and you will know where to get a good loaf of bread" is quoted as an ad in the May 23, 1863, Yreka Semi-Weekly Journal and states that 12 loaves cost $1 (~$25.00 in 2023).[66] The Yreka Bakery moved eventually to its longtime location, 322 West Miner Street, where it remained under several ownerships until it closed in 1965 on retirement of the baker "Martin", and clerk Alta Hudson.[citation needed] Another Yreka Bakery opened in a different location in 1974,[66] but is no longer in business.[67] Author Martin Gardner mentioned that Yreka Bakery was in business on West Miner Street in Yreka,[68]: 246 but it was pointed out by readers "the Yreka Bakery no longer existed. In 1970 the original premises were occupied by the art store Yrella Gallery, also a palindrome".[68]: 251 The historic Brown-Nickell-Authenrieth Building, 322–324 West Miner Street, houses a restaurant.[69]
See also
References
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- ^ "City Council". City of Yreka, CA. Archived from the original on March 2, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
- ^ a b "Yreka". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
- ^ "Yreka (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
- ^ "The Boomtown That Didn't Go Bust - A History of Early Yreka". Yreka Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- ^ "A short history of the cities in Siskiyou County and a directory to their current addresses and telephone numbers". Siskiyou County Library. 2013. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ a b Autobiography of Mark Twain. New York: Harper/Perennial Literary. 1990. p. 162.
- ^ a b "Siskiyou History 1850–1874". Siskiyou History Organization. 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ^ "The corpse of Clyde Johnson. August 3, 1935. Yreka, California". Without Sanctuary lynching photos and history. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7385-4735-0. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
- ^ Kulczyk, David (October 15, 2012). "Four Lynchings in One Day – Yreka, California – August 26, 1895". Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-884995-54-5. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
- ^ Chief Frank R. Daw Dunsmuir Police Department Archived July 17, 2013, at archive.today, California Peace Officers Memorial Foundation, accessed July 16, 2013
- ^ "California Mob Lynches Police Slayer", Omaha Bee-News, August 3, 1936, pp. 1–2.
- on the book's website, Without Sanctuary.
- ^ "Nab suspect as slayer of police chief: Man long sought in Dunsmuir Crime in L.A. Jail", Lodi News-Sentinel, September 5, 1936, page 1, accessed July 16, 2013
- ^ "Hunted Bandit Busy in Movie". Spokesman-Review. September 16, 1936. Associated Press. Spokane, Washington. p. 9.
- ^ D'Souza, Tony (December 11, 2008). "State of Jefferson dreams were dashed by Pearl Harbor". Mount Shasta Herald. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
- ^ Holt, Tim (June 24, 2011). "A modest proposal – downsize California!". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
- ^ Smith, David (September 11, 2009). "Council names Yreka Phlox city flower". Siskiyou Daily News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2009. Retrieved September 14, 2009..
- ^ Treatment from the Jepson Manual 1993, University of California Press, 1993, Regents of the University of California, accessed August 7, 2013
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- ^ a b "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
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- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Yreka city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ "West Miner Street-Third Street District". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
- ^ Yreka, Siskiyou County North Central/Northeast area, Shasta Cascade region Carnegie Libraries, 2009, accessed August 7, 2013
- ^ Siskiyou County Museum website Archived January 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine accessed February 21, 2008.
- ^ a b "Fishing". Visit Siskiyou County. VisitSiskiyou.org. 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59228-585-3.
- ISBN 978-0-7603-2575-9.
- ^ "Butte Valley National Grassland" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 30, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Butte Valley National Grassland". Wdilernet. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
- ^ "Senators". State of California. Retrieved March 10, 2013.
- ^ "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
- ^ "California's 1st Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
- ^ "College of the Siskiyous webpage". College of the Siskiyous. 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ^ "Rural Health Science Institute". College of the Siskiyous. 2013. Archived from the original on November 22, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ^ "Lodging". College of the Siskiyous. 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ^ Yreka Union School District
- ^ Live Stream Archived October 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Siskiyou Media Council, accessed August 7, 2013
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- ^ Curry, Colleen, Jodi Arias Must Overcome Her Lies If She Testifies This Week, ABC News, January 29, 2013, accessed April 8, 2013
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- The Huffington Post. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
- ^ Choy, Bill (February 7, 2013). "Erik Bennet returns home: Current Salt Lake pitching coach helps out at clinic". Siskiyou Daily. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-884995-05-7. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ Transcribed by Iowa GenWeb Project (1883). History of Tama County Chapter XIII. Springfield, Illinois: Union Publishing Company. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
- ^ "Farrington, Edward Silsby", Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, archived from the original on July 30, 2016, retrieved August 7, 2013
- ^ "www.siskiyous.edu/shasta/bib/B13.htm". Archived from the original on February 7, 2002. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ "McManus, Patrick F., House". National Park Service Register. National Park Service. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
- ^ Tim Meamber, Pro-Football-Reference.com, 2013, accessed July 20, 2013
- ^ "Obituary For: Richard Myers – Girdner Funeral Chapel". Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ "John Otto – Colorado National Monument". Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ "Bazooka Injuries". Archived from the original on August 5, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ Wells, Harry L. (1881). "Elijah Steele". D. J. Stewart & Co. p. 92B & 92C. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ Mikkelson, Barbara; David Mikkelson (August 12, 2011). "Yreka Bakery". Snopes. Snopes.com. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ a b c Carey, Don (April–May 1983). "Yreka Bakery". Yreka Historic Preservation Corporation, Yreka Echoes. This article was quoting a column by editor Ed Foss in the Siskiyou Daily News, February 9, 1973
- ^ Tivoli, Brian (September 12, 2005). "Yreka Bakery solution". Brainy Planet. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
- ^ ISBN 9780394502076. Retrieved April 8, 2013.
- ^ "Local restaurant owner preserves history of building". January 20, 2010. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
External links
Yreka, California.
- Official website
- Yreka Chamber of Commerce Archived June 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
- Images of Yreka from the Eastman’s Originals Collection, Special Collections Dept., University of California, Davis.