Yu Shan
Yushan | |
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Jade Mountain | |
Ultra 100 Peaks of Taiwan | |
Coordinates | 23°28′12″N 120°57′26″E / 23.47000°N 120.95722°E |
Geography | |
The location of Yushan )(Yushan National Park | |
Location | The border on Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung/ Alishan, Chiayi County/ Xinyi, Nantou County, Taiwan |
Parent range | Yushan Range |
Climbing | |
First ascent | 1898 by German explorer Karl Theodor Stöpel |
Easiest route | Maintained trail, snow/ice climb during some winter months |
Yushan | |
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Hanyu Pinyin | Yùshān |
Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Yuhshan |
Wade–Giles | Yü-shan |
Hakka | |
Romanization | Ngiu̍k-Sân |
Southern Min | |
Hokkien POJ | Gio̍k-san |
Former names | |
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Batongguan | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Mùgāngshān |
Wade–Giles | Mu Kang-shan |
Mount Niitaka | |
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Chinese name | |
Hanyu Pinyin | Xīngāoshān |
Wade–Giles | Hsin-kao Shan |
Transcriptions | |
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Romanization | Niitakayama |
Yu Shan or Yushan, also known as Mount Jade, Jade Mountain, or Mount Niitaka during
The mountains are now protected as the Yushan National Park. The national park is Taiwan's largest, highest, and least accessible national park. It contains the largest tract of wilderness remaining on the island.
Names
Yushan or Yu Shan is the
During the
Other native names for the mountain include Saviah and Tongku Saveq (Bunun; the latter means "highest peak"), Tanungu'incu (Kanakanavu), and Kanasian (Paiwan).
During
Geography and geology
The island of Taiwan is situated at the intersection of two tectonic plates – the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. Even as “recently” as the late Paleozoic (some 250 million years ago), the land here was still but a sedimentary seabed layered with silt and sand. As the two plates began pressing against each other, the land buckled, bent, and created the landscape – 165 mountains higher than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level on a relatively small island (38th largest in the world).
Yushan is also notable in containing the highest point on the
The ocean waters off Taiwan's east coast are deep; in fact, submarine slopes plunge down to the Pacific Ocean at a grade of 1:10 and the ocean reaches a depth of more than 4,000 m (13,100 ft) about 50 km (30 mi) from the coast.[5]
Hiking
With panoramic views, overlapping mountains, and deep, plunging valleys, Yushan National Park is well known for its scenery, sunrises, sunsets, geological features, and views of the clouds from above. Sea of clouds often fill the valleys. Indisputably, Yushan itself is the focal point of the park.
Yushan is one of the favorites among
Yushan has five main peaks with the Main Peak being the most popular:
- Main Peak (玉山主峰), 3,952 m (12,966 ft)[8]
- Eastern Peak (玉山東峰), 3,869 m (12,694 ft) – 1.2 km (0.7 mi) from Main Peak[9]
- Northern Peak (玉山北峰), 3,858 m (12,657 ft) – 2.2 km (1.4 mi) from Wind Tunnel (風口)[9]
- Southern Peak (玉山南峰), 3,844 m (12,612 ft) – 3.1 km (1.9 mi) from Paiyun Lodge (排雲山莊)[9]
- Western Peak (玉山西峰), 3,467 m (11,375 ft) – 4 km (2.5 mi) from Paiyun Lodge (排雲山莊)[9]
The east, west, north, and south peaks surround the main summit. The east peak rises to a height of 3,869 m (12,694 ft) and is considered one of Taiwan's Ten Major Summits (十峻). The south peak is a sharp pinnacle of black shale. The relatively accessible west side of Yushan is covered with thick forests. The north peak is part of a long, gently-rising ridge; this peak consists of two high points that resemble a camel's humps. The North Peak is also home to Taiwan's highest permanently occupied building, the Yushan Weather Station, where the occasional visitors are warmly welcomed.
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Sea of Cloudsat Yushan
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Sunrise at Yushan
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Sea of Clouds on Yushan Trail
Flora and fauna
All of the above vegetation variations can be seen in the Yushan area from low foothills to high summits with an elevation difference of 3.6 km (2.2 mi). Because of these wide climatic and vegetation variations, this environment nurtures the richest and most diversified
species, such as:- Formosan serow(台灣長鬃山羊)
- Reeves's muntjac (台灣山羌)
- Formosan black bear (台灣黑熊)
- Formosan blue magpie(台灣藍鵲)
- Formosan rock macaque (台灣獼猴)
- Lekuleku Riverarea.
History
Under the
Under
The Yushan weather station on the north peak was finished in 1943.[13]
Under the
In recent years, Yushan has played an important role in a new focus on Taiwan's identity. Because of its iconic status, Yushan has been chosen to be the background of the newly-issued
Climate
Yushan has an alpine climate (Köppen ET). The tip of Yushan is usually covered with frost from November to March. Elevations above 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) may sometimes see snow during the winter months, and there are four consecutive months of snow accumulation at places with elevations higher than 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The first snow may appear in October and completely melts by May. Snow falls 24.3 days per year on average on Yushan, and the number is gradually decreasing. Yushan receives around 3,100 mm (120 in) of precipitation annually. It rains an average of 140 days per year, with the greatest frequency between May and August. From May until the first part of June is plum rain season or monsoon season. Taiwan's typhoon season roughly falls between July and September. The peak month is in August, which sees 520 mm (20 in) of precipitation on average, compared to 70 mm (2.8 in) in December, the driest month.
Climate data for Yushan (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1943–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.9 (78.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.2 (75.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
26.2 (79.2) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.2 (52.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.9 (57.0) |
10.6 (51.1) |
6.7 (44.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
7.4 (45.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
4.1 (39.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.4 (39.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.6 (40.3) |
4.6 (40.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
1.1 (34.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −18.4 (−1.1) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−15.2 (4.6) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−18.4 (−1.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 83.7 (3.30) |
67.2 (2.65) |
94.8 (3.73) |
201.2 (7.92) |
423.6 (16.68) |
459.6 (18.09) |
434.2 (17.09) |
516.0 (20.31) |
297.2 (11.70) |
145.1 (5.71) |
98.3 (3.87) |
81.6 (3.21) |
2,902.5 (114.27) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.8 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 13.1 | 18.7 | 18.0 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 14.4 | 10.1 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 147.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
62.3 | 70.7 | 76.2 | 80.0 | 81.5 | 80.8 | 77.7 | 81.0 | 77.4 | 66.4 | 65.9 | 63.1 | 73.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 207.0 | 158.7 | 151.0 | 139.4 | 133.8 | 135.9 | 171.3 | 150.8 | 158.5 | 213.6 | 199.7 | 197.1 | 2,016.8 |
Percent possible sunshine | 62 | 51 | 41 | 37 | 33 | 34 | 42 | 38 | 44 | 60 | 61 | 60 | 46 |
Source: Central Weather Bureau[17][18][19][20][21] |
Gallery
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Yushan (玉山) during winter season
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Yushan (玉山) during winter season
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Yushan (玉山) during winter season
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Yushan (玉山) during winter season
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Yushan (玉山) during winter season
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Yushan Trail signage
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Yushan (玉山)
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Laonung River at the northeastern side of Yushan
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Sea of clouds on Yushan Trail
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Sea of clouds on Yushan Trail
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Sea of clouds on Yushan Trail
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Sea of clouds near Tatajia Anbu on Yushan Trail
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Mountain in the morning
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Sunrise at Yushan
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Sunrise at Yushan
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Sunrise at Yushan
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Sunrise at Yushan
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Mountain with sunset
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Hikers at the summit
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Formosan rock macaque found on Yushan Trail
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Yushan Range, eastern side view
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Yushan on November 1, 1935
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Painting of Yushan by Nasu Masaki (那須雅城)
See also
- 100 Peaks of Taiwan
- List of mountains in Taiwan
- List of islands by highest point
- Yushan National Park
- Yushan Range
- Yushan-class landing platform dock
- Green Jade
Notes
- ^ The "Go" signal was first issued by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto. The signal was extended and used throughout the exercises and the course of the operation. On the other hand, the "No Go" signal, if needed, would be TSUKUBAYAMAHARE (ツクバヤマハレ [Kanji: 筑波山晴れ]), meaning "Mount Tsukuba is sunny".
References
Citations
- ^ a b Han Cheung (November 25, 2018). "Taiwan in Time: Great Floods, an Imperial Edict, and a Defaced Statue". Taipei Times. Retrieved November 25, 2018.
- ^ a b c EB (1879), p. 415.
- ^ a b Chamberlain & al. (1903), p. 554.
- ^ Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene Glacial Landforms of Yushan Area, Taiwan
- ^ Central Geological Survey, MOEA. Archived May 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "World Island Highpoints above 3000m". World Island Highpoints above 3000m. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
- ^ Yushan
- ^ "Mt. Jade Main Peak Trail". Hikingbook Inc. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Northern 5 Peaks of Mt. Jade Trails". Hikingbook Inc. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
- ^ Flora of China
- ^ Cheng, Zoe (March 1, 2007), "Taiwan Looks for Its Roots", Taiwan Today, Taiwan: ROC Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- ^ MacDonald, Scot (October 1962). Evolution of Aircraft Carriers – the Japanese Developments (PDF). Naval Historical Center, Washington Navy Yard, DC. Retrieved August 10, 2006.
- ^ Jones, Edward (November 7, 2021). "'Your coffee is served, sir' — Exclusive 'cafe' opens 3,858m above sea level on Yushan's north peak 玉山驚見「3858咖啡吧」 北峰氣象站:非請勿入". www.taipeitimes.com. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
- ^ 1.
- ^ Bulletin Board of Central Bank of the Republic of China.
- ^ Yushan Asteroid. Archived September 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the originalon May 21, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
- ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
- ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
- ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
- ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
Bibliography
- , Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IX, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1879, pp. 415–17.
- OL 25302448M.