YuYu Hakusho
YuYu Hakusho | |
Manga | |
Written by | Jump Comics |
---|---|
Magazine | Weekly Shōnen Jump |
English magazine | |
Demographic | Shōnen |
Original run | December 3, 1990 – July 25, 1994 |
Volumes | 19 |
Anime television series | |
Directed by | Crunchyroll Channel |
Original run | October 10, 1992 – December 17, 1994 |
Episodes | 112 |
Original video animation | |
Eizou Hakusho | |
Directed by | Noriyuki Abe |
Written by | Shigeru Chiba |
Music by | Yusuke Honma |
Studio | Pierrot |
Licensed by | Crunchyroll |
Released | September 21, 1994 – February 7, 1996 |
Runtime | 25 minutes each |
Episodes | 6 |
Original video animation | |
Two Shot & All or Nothing | |
Directed by | Noriyuki Abe |
Produced by | Ken Hagino |
Studio | Pierrot |
Licensed by | Crunchyroll |
Released | October 26, 2018 |
Runtime | 15 minutes each |
Episodes | 2 |
Related | |
Live-action series | |
|
YuYu Hakusho (
The manga was originally serialized in
YuYu Hakusho has been well received; the manga has over 78 million copies in circulation worldwide, making it one of the best-selling manga series of all time. It also won the 39th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen category in 1993. The animated series won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize for best anime in 1994 and 1995. The series has been well received by a large audience in Japan and a wide range of age groups in the United States. The anime has been given mostly positive reviews by critics in North America, complimenting its writing, characters, comedy, and amount of action.
Plot
YuYu Hakusho follows
Yusuke's next case sends him on a rescue mission, where he meets
After the tournament, Yusuke returns home but has little time to rest as he is challenged to a fight by three teenagers possessing superhuman powers and who end up taking the detective hostage. Kuwabara and the others rescue him and learn that the whole scenario was a test put on by Genkai. It is disclosed that
As they return to the Human World, Yusuke is stripped of his detective title in fear that Yusuke's demon blood could cause him to go on a rampage in the Human World. Yusuke, unsettled at having been controlled by his ancestor Raizen, accepts an offer by Raizen's followers to return to the Demon Plane. Raizen, desiring a successor to his territory, is on the brink of dying of starvation, a death that would topple the delicate political balance of the three ruling powers of the Demon Plane. Hiei and Kurama are summoned by the other two rulers, Mukuro and Yomi, respectively, to prepare for an inevitable war.[4] The three protagonists train in the realm for one year, during which time Raizen dies and Yusuke inherits his territory. Yusuke takes the initiative and proposes a fighting tournament to name the true ruler of the Demon Plane, which is agreed upon by Mukuro and Yomi. During the tournament, Yusuke and Yomi meet in the second elimination round where Yusuke is defeated. Yusuke hopes a similar competition will be held every few years to determine the Demon Plane's ruler.
Two years later, Yusuke returns to the Human World while Hiei stays with Mukuro and protects humans who have accidentally wandered into the Demon Plane. After learning that King Enma was falsifying reports on demon activity against humans in order to justify keeping the two separated, Koenma takes over his father's position and allows access between the Demon Plane and Human World. Genkai dies and leaves her estate to the main characters. The story ends with Yusuke and his friends reuniting at a beach.
Production
Author Yoshihiro Togashi stated that he began working on YuYu Hakusho during a period of time around November 1990, though he forgot the exact time.[6] He had recently completed the serialization of his romantic comedy Ten de Shōwaru Cupid in Weekly Shōnen Jump. Having felt somewhat intimidated by some of his more popular fellow authors during this manga's run, Togashi realized he would need to create a fighting manga to both gain popularity and write something he enjoyed.[7] As a fan of the occult and horror films, he desired to write and illustrate a new manga based on his interests.[8] Togashi had previously published an occult detective fiction manga titled Occult Tanteidan, of which he referenced positive reception from readers as a reason for continuing to create manga.[9] When first producing YuYu Hakusho, he did not have a clear idea of what he wanted to call it. He used the tentative title "How to be a Ghost" while presenting rough drafts to his editors. Once given the go-ahead to begin publication, Togashi proposed "YuYu-Ki" (Poltergeist Chronicles) for the title, as there would be battles with demons and it would be a play on the title SaiYu-Ki. However, a series with a similar name (Chin-Yu-Ki) had already begun publication, so Togashi quickly created an alternative: "YuYu Hakusho" (Poltergeist Report).[10] He commented that he could have used "Den" (Legend) or "Monogatari" (Story), but "Hakusho" (Report) was the first thing that came to his mind.[11] He contiguously developed the names of the main characters by skimming through a dictionary and taking out kanji characters he found appealing. "Yusuke Urameshi" is a pun, "Kazuma Kuwabara" is a combination of two professional baseball players, and "Hiei" and "Kurama" are "just names that popped into [Togashi's] head."[8] When he introduced the latter two characters in volume three, the author had early plans to make Kurama a main character but was not certain about Hiei.[7][8]
The manga's shift from occult detective fiction to the
During the years he worked on YuYu Hakusho, Togashi would calculate the personal time he had based on a formula of four hours per page without scripting and five hours of sleep per night.
Media
Manga
The YuYu Hakusho manga series was written and illustrated by Yoshihiro Togashi and originally serialized by Shueisha in the shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from December 3, 1990, to July 25, 1994.[17][18][19][20] The manga consists of 175 chapters spanning 19 tankōbon with the first one being released on April 10, 1991, and the last one released on December 12, 1994.[21][22] Between August 4, 2004, and March 4, 2005, Shueisha released the kanzenban (complete) editions of the manga. Each of the 15 kanzenban volumes features a new cover and more chapters than the tankōbon edition.[23][24] YuYu Hakusho has also been published as part of the Shueisha Jump Remix series of magazine-style books. Nine volumes were released between December 22, 2008, and April 27, 2009.[25][26] A bunkoban version began publication on November 18, 2010, and was finished on October 18, 2011.[27][28]
An English translation of the YuYu Hakusho manga was serialized in North America by Viz Media in the American Shonen Jump magazine, where it debuted in its inaugural January 2003 issue and ended in January 2010.[29] Viz released all 19 collected volumes of the English manga between May 1, 2003,[30] and March 2, 2010.[31] A total of 176 chapters exist in this format due to Viz treating the extra non-numbered chapter "YuYu Hakusho Tales: Two Shot" found in volume seven (which tells the story of how Hiei and Kurama first met) as the 64th chapter.[32][33][34] Viz later re-released the series digitally as part of their digital manga releases between August 20, 2013,[35] and February 25, 2014,[36] and later added it to ComiXology's digital releases.[37] The YuYu Hakusho manga has additionally been licensed and published across Asia and Europe. A French translation from Kana, for example, began publication in 1997.[5]
Anime
The Yu Yu Hakusho anime adaptation was directed by Noriyuki Abe and co-produced by Fuji Television, Yomiko Advertising, and Studio Pierrot.[38] The series, consisting of 112 episodes, aired from October 10, 1992, to December 17, 1994, on Fuji Television.[39] The episodes were released on 23 video cassettes by Pony Canyon from January 1, 1995, to December 6, 1995. They were also released on 28 DVD volumes by Beam Entertainment, with volumes 8–14 being released on March 25, 2002, volumes 15–21 being released on April 25, 2002, and volumes 22–28 being released on May 25, 2002.[40] The anime differed from its manga source material by containing different levels of violence and profanity, as well as minor variations in art style from one to the other.[41] In early 2001, the series was acquired by Funimation Entertainment for North American distribution as Yu Yu Hakusho: Ghost Files.[42] Funimation's production saw a significant contribution from voice actor Justin Cook, who not only directed the dub but also voiced the protagonist Yusuke.[43][44]
The American-produced English dubbed episodes aired from February 23, 2002, to April 1, 2006, on
The series was distributed in the United Kingdom by
Funimation separated the series into four "seasons", that each compose their own story arc, which they refer to as "sagas". In North America, 32 DVD compilations have been released by Funimation for the four sagas, with the first released on April 16, 2002, and the last on July 19, 2005.
Films and original video animations
Two animated films based on Yu Yu Hakusho have been produced. Both films have original storyline content that is not
A series of Yu Yu Hakusho OVAs collectively titled Eizou Hakusho (映像白書, Eizō Hakusho, lit. "Image Report") was released in Japan in VHS format between 1994 and 1996.[81][82][83] The OVAs feature very short clips that take place after the end of the series. They also contain video montages from the anime, image songs, voice actor interviews, and satirical animated shorts focusing on the four protagonists.[81][84] The OVAs consist of three volumes as well as an opening and ending encyclopedia. A four-DVD box set containing this series was released in Japan by Pony Canyon on December 15, 2004.[73] Funimation dubbed the OVAs (though not the anime montages[85]) and (re)dubbed the first theatrical film with their original cast from the anime, and released them both in North America in a two-disc DVD bundle titled Yu Yu Hakusho: The Movie & Eizou Hakusho on December 13, 2011.[86] This version splits up parts of the OVAs and does not include the Japanese voice actor interviews.
A brand new OVA of Yu Yu Hakusho was released with a Blu-ray box set of the series on October 26, 2018, in Japan. It adapts the "Two Shot" bonus chapter from the manga's seventh volume and the manga's penultimate chapter "All or Nothing".[87][88] In October 2019, Funimation announced the OVA release with an English dub.[89]
CDs
The music for the Yu Yu Hakusho anime adaptation was composed by Yusuke Honma.[38] The series has one opening theme, "Hohoemi no Bakudan" (微笑みの爆弾, Hohoemi no Bakudan, lit. "Smile Bomb") by Matsuko Mawatari, as well as five closing themes: "Homework ga Owaranai" (ホームワークが終わらない, Hōmuwāku ga Owaranai, lit. "Homework Never Ends"), "Sayonara ByeBye" (さよならByeBye, Sayonara ByeBye, lit. "Goodbye ByeBye") and "Daydream Generation" also by Mawatari; and "Unbalance na Kiss o Shite" (アンバランスなKissをして, Anbaransu na Kiss wo Shite, lit. "Give Me An Unbalanced Kiss") and "Taiyō ga Mata Kagayaku Toki" (太陽がまた輝くとき, Taiyō ga Mata Kagayaku Toki, lit. "When The Sun Shines Again") by Hiro Takahashi. When Funimation gained rights to the series, English language versions of each of these songs were produced and arranged by musician Carl Finch.[90] The localized opening theme is sung by Sara White and the closing themes are sung by members of the English cast including Stephanie Nadolny, Jerry Jewell, and Meredith McCoy.[43]
A number of audio CDs have been released in Japan. The Yū Yū Hakusho Original Soundtrack was released in two separate volumes by Pony Canyon on January 18, 1997. The discs contain the show's
Video games
A number of video games have been developed that tie to the YuYu Hakusho series, most of which have been produced for and released exclusively in Japan. Prior to the launch of the franchise in North America, games were released on the
Yu Yu Hakusho characters were also featured in the Weekly Shōnen Jump crossover fighting games J-Stars Victory VS and Jump Force. Yusuke, Hiei, and Toguro are playable in both games.[111][112][113]
Live-action series
On December 16, 2020, a Japanese live-action series adaptation was announced. It is streaming on Netflix worldwide, with Netflix contents acquisition director Kazutaka Sakamoto serving as executive producer and Akira Morii producing the series at Robot.[114][115][116] On July 15, 2022, it was reported that Shō Tsukikawa will serve as the series director, with Tatsurō Mishima handling the script and Ryō Sakaguchi serving as the VFX supervisor. The series stars Takumi Kitamura as Yusuke Urameshi,[117] Shuhei Uesugi as Kazuma Kuwabara,[118] Jun Shison as Kurama,[119] and Kanata Hongō as Hiei.[120] It premiered on December 14, 2023.[121]
Other media
An encyclopedia titled Official Yū Yū Hakusho Who's Who Underworld Character Book (幽☆遊☆白書 公式キャラクターズブック 霊界紳士録, Yū Yū Hakusho Koushiki Kyarakutāzubukku Reikai Shinshiroku) was published by Shueisha on March 4, 2005.
A stage play adaptation produced by Office Endless was announced in May 2019. The play is written and directed by Chūji Mikasano, a screenwriter for the Tokyo Ghoul anime series. The play ran from August 8 to September 22, 2019, in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and Aichi.[139][140]
In September 2019, YuYu Hakusho joined the Universal Fighting System CCG, this marked the second anime license to make it into the system.[141]
Reception
Manga
By 2013, YuYu Hakusho had over 50 million copies in circulation in Japan alone, making it one of Weekly Shonen Jump's best-selling manga series;[142] by 2022, it had over 78 million copies in circulation.[143] Patricia Duffield, a columnist for Animerica Extra, acknowledged the manga as "one of the kings of popularity in the mid-1990s" in the region where it saw mass availability from large bookstore chains to small train station kiosks.[144] YuYu Hakusho earned Yoshihiro Togashi the Shogakukan Manga Award for shōnen in 1993.[145] Towards the end of the series' run, Togashi was publicly criticized for not meeting chapter deadlines and for lower quality art.[15][146] On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150,000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, YuYu Hakusho ranked seventeenth.[147]
In North America, several volumes of the manga have ranked within the weekly
The YuYu Hakusho manga publication has received mixed criticism by reviewers in English-speaking regions. Martin Ouellette of the Canadian Protoculture Addicts compared the progression of the series to Dragon Ball Z and stated, "Togashi's art, while simple, is extremely efficient and the story is really fun."[153] An older article by the same reviewer disagreed with the notion that YuYu Hakusho was similar to Dragon Ball, stating that the former franchise has better developed characters, more interesting action sequences, and more humor.[5] Eduardo M. Chavez of Mania.com enjoyed the manga's artwork and found that the supporting characters tend to be illustrated with more detail than the main characters. He praised Lillian Olsen's English translation, but disliked Viz's use of overlaying English words to translate the expression of sound effects. In later volumes Chavez was dismayed by the transition of the manga from the early detective cases to the Dark Tournament arc. He asserted, "Seeing fight, after fight, after fight gets boring and this seriously is only the start of this trend."[154] Dan Polley, a staff reviewer of Manga Life, gave an average grade to the fifth volume, which entails Yusuke's battle with Suzaku, the leader of the Four Beasts. Although he found some the battle sequences to be engaging, Polley judged the chapters as lacking in characterization and development overall. Polley also discounted the manga's comedy, considering the "bit gags or fairly lame jokes" to be "too much" at times.[155]
Anime
The Yu Yu Hakusho television series was voted the best anime of the year in the 1994 and 1995
The animated series received a generally positive reception in North America. In January 2004, Yu Yu Hakusho was named the second best action-adventure anime by Anime Insider.[166] It was voted by the users of IGN as the tenth best animated series of all time.[167] Critical reviews focused on the series' attempt at a versatile balance of narrative, character development, and action sequences. Animerica's Justin Kovalsky defined Yu Yu Hakusho as a character-driven series and compared it to other anime like Phantom Quest Corp., Rurouni Kenshin, and Flame of Recca in that it successfully combines different ideas such as martial arts battles, character dynamics, the supernatural, and mythology.[2] Allen Divers of the Anime News Network identified Yu Yu Hakusho as "one of the best action series out there", and noted consistently good storytelling and character development throughout his critique of key points of the series.[168][169][170][171] Todd Douglass Jr. of DVD Talk declared, "It's a fun show with a great cast, a sense of humor, and a lot of action so there's no excuse not to at least give it a chance." He recommended the first three-season box sets of Yu Yu Hakusho, as well as the original boxset of the Three Kings Saga, but enjoyed the show's third season more than the others because of its multiple plotlines.[172][173][174][175] N. S. Davidson of IGN concluded that having several concurrent plot branches is not enough for an anime to succeed, but that good writing, interesting characters, and action are also necessary. He proclaimed in his review of the anime's final episodes that Yu Yu Hakusho possesses all of these qualities.[176] This was concurred upon by Joseph Luster of Otaku USA, who summed up his feelings about the universe of Yu Yu Hakusho by stating, "Togashi's world is eternally hellish and dark, but wildly varied. The only thing that doesn't change throughout its run is the fact that you'll still be rooting for the well-defined protagonists until the credits run on the last episode."[177]
Jeffrey Harris of IGN was more critical when looking at later episodes, and felt that the end of the show's third arc involving the villain Sensui is too similar to the finale of the second arc with Toguro. He described the episodes as trying too hard to draw sympathy from the audience for the anime's villains.[178] Despite his overall praise of Yu Yu Hakusho, Divers noted in a review about one DVD release that the show "[walks] that fine line of a solid long running series or being a broken record".[171] He also called the artwork of the first few episodes "dated" and pointed out questionable script choices regarding the English dub.[168]
Aedan Juvet of
Notes
References
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External links
- Official website (in Japanese)
- Official Studio Pierrot website Archived 2018-08-06 at archive.today
- Official Viz website
- Official Funimation website(Archived 2011-08-12 at the Wayback Machine)
- YuYu Hakusho (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
- YuYu Hakusho at IMDb