Yu'firids

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Yufirids
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The Yuʿfirids (

Sunni Islam
.

Yufi'rid dynasty
بنو يعفر
847–997
Capital
Common languages
Religion
Sunni Islam
GovernmentEmirate
Emir 
• 847-872 (first)
Yu'fir bin ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Ḥiwālī al-Ḥimyārī
• 963-997 (last)
Abdallah bin Qahtan
History 
• Established
847
• Disestablished
997
CurrencyDinar
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Abbasid Caliphate
Ziyadid dynasty

Rise of the dynasty

The Yuʿfirids from

Ta'izz. San'a fell to their arms when the governor Himyar ibn al-Harith fled from Yemen, and for a while it became the headquarters of the new dynasty.[3]

Internal feuds and temporary eclipse

After a stable reign of 25 years, the founder of the dynasty, Yu'fir bin ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Ḥiwālī al-Ḥimyārī, left affairs of state to his son Muhammad in 872. Muhammad preferred to use Shibam as the capital of his kingdom, rather than San'a. In 873 he received a diploma of confirmation from the Abbasid caliph.

Tihama lowland. A flood that inundated San'a in 876 served as the motive for Muhammad to undertake the pilgrimage to Mecca and henceforth devote his time to religion. The reins of government were given to his son Ibrahim, who murdered his father and uncle in the mosque of Shibam in 892 (or 882) to ensure that there would be no pretensions of power from them. The instigator of the murders was none but his own grandfather, the ex-ruler Yu'fir. Now, however, a series of revolts led to the expulsion of the Yuʿfirids from San'a. An Abbasid governor took charge of the city for a while, but after 895 conditions turned increasingly chaotic.[citation needed
]

Competition for San'a

At the beginning of the tenth century there were struggles between the followers of the

Jawf region further to the north. San'a shifted hands with great frequency in this period; from 901 to 913 the city is said to have been conquered 20 times, surrendered through negotiation three times, and been unsuccessfully besieged five times.[6]
Eventually the dynasty managed to defeat the followers of the Fatimids and win back San'a in 916.

Later history

Abū Ḥassān Asʿad died in 944 and was, as it turned out, the last grand Yufirid leader. In the middle of the tenth century the decline of the dynasty set in, as the members of the family feuded with each other. The Zaydi imam

Fatimid caliph. Abdallah died in 997 and was succeeded by his son As'ad (II). However, the authority of the Yuʿfirids in San'a had vanished and they had no significance anymore. The clan is occasionally mentioned in chronicles until as late as 1280.[7]

List of rulers

See also

References

  1. ^ G. Rex Smith, "Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion" in Werner Daum, Jemen, Frankfurt am Main, p. 137.
  2. ^ Smith, G. R. (2012-04-24). "Yuʿfirids". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
  3. ^ R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, San'a'; An Arabian Islamic City, London 1983, p. 55.
  4. ^ G. Rex Smith, "Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion" in Werner Daum, Jemen, Frankfurt am Main, p. 138.
  5. ^ R.B. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, San'a'; An Arabian Islamic City, London 1983, p. 56.
  6. ^ Enzyklopädie des Islam, Vol. III, Leiden 1936, p. 155.
  7. ^ H.C. Kay, Yaman: Its early medieval history, London 1892, pp. 225-7.

Sources

  • Smith, G. Rex (1987). "Politische Geschichte des islamischen Jemen bis zur ersten türkischen Invasion (1 bis 945 Hidschra = 633 bis 1538 n. Chr.)" [Political History of Islamic Yemen until the First Turkish Invasion (1 to 945 AH = 633 to 1538 AD)]. In Daum, Werner (ed.). Jemen. 3000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur des glücklichen Arabien [Yemen. 3000 Years of Art and Civilisation in Arabia Felix]. Innsbruck and Frankfurt a.M.: Pinguin. pp. 136–154.
    ISBN 3-7016-2251-5
    .
  • Smith, G. Rex (2002). "Yuʿfirids". In
    ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2
    .
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