Yugoslavia and the United Nations
United Nations membership | |
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Represented by |
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Membership | Former full member |
Dates | 24 October 1945 | – 22 September 1992
UNSC seat | Non-permanent |
Politics of Yugoslavia |
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Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was a charter member of the United Nations from its establishment in 1945 as the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 1992 during the Yugoslav Wars. During its existence the country played a prominent role in the promotion of multilateralism and narrowing of the Cold War divisions in which various UN bodies were perceived as important vehicles. Yugoslavia was elected a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council on multiple occasions in periods between 1950 and 1951, 1956, 1972–1973, and 1988–1989, which was in total 7 (out of 47) years of Yugoslav membership in the organization. The country was also one of 17 original members of the Special Committee on Decolonization.
In 1980 under the chairmanship of Ivo Margan Belgrade hosted the 21st UNESCO General Conference as the seventh host city in the world. The city also hosted the UNCTAD VI Conference in 1983. Yugoslav diplomat Stanoje Simic was one of the candidates at the 1946 United Nations Secretary-General selection, while Lazar Mojsov was 34th President of the United Nations General Assembly. Yugoslav diplomats were Presidents of the United Nations Economic and Social Council in the 1946 3rd session (Andrija Štampar, Acting), 1982 (Miljan Komatina), and from January until June 1992 (Darko Šilović).[1] The country was one of the founding members of the Group of 77 as well as the presiding country of the group in 1985–1986.
After the breakup of Yugoslavia, its seat at the United Nations was not inherited and continued directly by any of the six federal republics due to the shared state succession acknowledged in the United Nations Security Council Resolution 777. Instead, they all applied for membership as new member states. For some time the rump Federal Republic of Yugoslavia resisted this interpretation and it rejoined the UN only in 2000, after the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, as a new member state. It changed the name to the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003, and its seat was transferred to Serbia in 2006 following Montenegro's independence. UN's reaction to Yugoslav crisis included establishment of the UNPROFOR and UNCRO missions, UNTAES and UNMIK transitional administrations as well as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Those establishments influenced development of the United Nations peacekeeping and the establishment of the permanent International Criminal Court.
History
Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia / Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
Yugoslavia joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945. Initially part of the
It was a multi-ethnic state which Tito was able to maintain through a doctrine of "
During 1990, the communists lost power to
In November 1991, the
On 15 January 1992, the independence of Croatia and Slovenia was recognized worldwide. By then, it had been effectively dissolved into five independent states, which were all subsequently admitted to the UN:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia were admitted to the UN on 22 May 1992.[4]
- Macedonia was admitted to the UN on 8 April 1993, being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the UN as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", due to pressure from Greece, pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name.[5] Following the ratification of the Prespa Agreement, the country renamed itself North Macedoniaon 12 February 2019.
Due to the dispute over its legal successor states, the member state "Yugoslavia", referring to the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, remained on the official roster of UN members for many years after its effective dissolution, including the presence of the SFRY flag at UN headquarters.[6] Following the admission of all five states as new UN members, "Yugoslavia" was removed from the official roster of UN members.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro (2000–2006)
United Nations membership | |
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Represented by |
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Membership | Former full member |
Dates | 1 November 2000 | – 3 July 2006
Former name(s) | Yugoslavia (2000–2003) |
UNSC seat | Non-permanent |
The government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, established on 28 April 1992 as a
On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006. In a letter dated on the same day, the President of Serbia informed the United Nations Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro in the UN was being continued by Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence, in accordance with the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro.[14] Montenegro was admitted to the UN on 28 June 2006.[15]
See also
- Member states of the United Nations
- International Center for Promotion of Enterprises (Ljubljana)
- Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement
- Yugoslavia and the European Economic Community
- Foreign relations of Serbia
- Serbia and the United Nations
- Montenegro in intergovernmental organizations
- Serbia in intergovernmental organizations
- Museum of Yugoslavia
- Archives of Yugoslavia
References
- ^ "Presidents of the ECOSOC". United Nations Economic and Social Council. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Resolution 721". N.A.T.O. 25 September 1991. Retrieved 21 July 2006.
- ^ Lukic & Lynch 1996, p. 210.
- ^ Paul L. Montgomery (23 May 1992). "3 Ex-Yugoslav Republics Are Accepted into U.N." The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
- ^ Lewis, Paul (8 April 1993). "U.N. Compromise Lets Macedonia Be a Member". The New York Times.
- ^ Steele, Johnathon (2000-11-02). "UN welcomes Yugoslavia and furls Tito's flag". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
- ^ Burns, John F. (28 April 1992). "Confirming Split, Last 2 Republics Proclaim a Small New Yugoslavia". The New York Times.
- ^ "History of Serbia: The Break-up of SFR Yugoslavia (1991–1995)". Serbia Info. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007.
- ^ "United Nations Security Council Resolution 757" (PDF). United Nations.
- ^ "United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/1" (PDF). United Nations.
- ^ Sudetic, Chuck (24 September 1992). "U.N. Expulsion of Yugoslavia Breeds Defiance and Finger-Pointing". The New York Times.
- ^ "A Different Yugoslavia, 8 Years Later, Takes Its Seat at the U.N." The New York Times. 2 November 2000.
- ^ "Yugoslavia consigned to history". BBC News. 4 February 2003.
- ^ "World Briefing – Europe: Serbia: Going Solo". The New York Times. Associated Press. 6 June 2006.
- ^ Schneider, Daniel B. (29 June 2006). "World Briefing – Europe: Montenegro: U.N. Makes It Official". The New York Times.
Bibliography
- Lukic, Reneo; Lynch, Allen (1996). Europe from the Balkans to the Urals: The Disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829200-7.