Yuli Daniel

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Markovich and the family name is Daniel.
Yuli Markovich Daniel
Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
DiedDecember 30, 1988(1988-12-30) (aged 63)
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Pen nameNikolay Arzhak, Yu. Petrov
NationalitySoviet
SpouseLarisa Bogoraz, Irina Uvarova[1]
ChildrenAlexander Daniel[2]

Yuli Markovich Daniel (Russian: Ю́лий Ма́ркович Даниэ́ль, IPA:

Soviet dissident known as a defendant in the Sinyavsky–Daniel trial
in 1966.

Daniel wrote and

Soviet society under the pseudonyms Nikolay Arzhak (Russian: Никола́й Аржа́к, IPA: [nʲɪkɐˈlaj ɐrˈʐak] ⓘ) and Yu. Petrov (Russian: Ю. Петро́в, IPA: [ˈju pʲɪˈtrof] ⓘ) published in the West to avoid censorship in the Soviet Union. Daniel and Andrei Sinyavsky were convicted of anti-Soviet agitation in a show trial, becoming the first Soviet writers convicted solely for their works and for fiction, serving five years at a Gulag
camp and prison.

Early life and writing

Yuli Daniel was born on 15 November 1925 in

Russian Jewish playwright Mark Daniel and Minna Pavlovna Daniel.[3]
In 1942, the 17-year-old Daniel lied about his age and volunteered to serve on the
demobilized from the Red Army. In 1950, Daniel graduated from the Moscow Pedagogical Institute (now Moscow State Regional University), and went to work as a schoolteacher in Kaluga and Moscow
.

Daniel also published

Soviet dissident
.

Sinyavsky-Daniel trial

Daniel's work Moscow Speaking, published in 1959 under the pseudonym Nikolai Arzhak, caught the attention of the KGB, the main security agency and secret police of the Soviet Union. The KGB began investigating Daniel and Sinyavsky's dissident works being published in the West, and soon linked their pseudonyms to their real identities. Daniel and Sinyavsky were placed under constant surveillance and investigation by the KGB for several years.

In September 1965, Daniel and Sinyavsky were arrested and tried in the infamous

anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda
under Article 70 of the RSFSR Criminal Code. Both writers entered a plea of not guilty, which was unusual for defendants in Soviet show trials. On February 14, 1966, Daniel was sentenced to five years of
hard labor
for "anti-Soviet activity" while Sinyavsky was sentenced to seven years.

In 1967,

Vladimir Prison
.

Late years and influence

Daniel was released and refused to emigrate, as was customary among Soviet dissidents, and lived in Kaluga before moving to Moscow.

According to Fred Coleman, "Historians now have no difficulty pinpointing the birth of the modern Soviet dissident movement. It began in February 1966 with the trial of Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, two Russian writers who ridiculed the Communist regime in satires smuggled abroad and published under pen names. They didn't realize at the time that they were starting a movement that would help end Communist rule."[5]

Daniel and Sinyavsky did not intend to oppose the Soviet Union. Daniel was genuinely worried about a resurgence of the

blacklist
of authors banned from being published in the Soviet Union.

Daniel died on 30 December 1988, and Sinyavsky and his wife Maria Rozanova immediately flew to his funeral from France, where they had emigrated in 1973 after Sinyavsky's release. Daniel was buried in Vagankovo Cemetery, a popular burial place in Moscow for members of the arts community.

Family

His son Alexander Daniel is a mathematician and his grandson Michael Daniel is a linguist.

References

  1. The Los Angeles Times
    . 1 January 1989.
  2. doi:10.1080/03064229408535641
    .
  3. ISBN 978-5-89059-218-7. The tithe of the book is a pun on the title of the children's book Винни-Пух и все-все-все, a Russian translation of Winnie-the-Pooh
  4. ISBN 978-0091746360
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-312-16816-2
    .

Bibliography

Books
Articles

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuli_Daniel&oldid=1213130901"