Yuri Dolgorukiy

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the Grand Prince of Kiev. For the Russian submarine, see
Russian submarine Yury Dolgorukiy. For the princely family of Dolgorukov, see Dolgorukov (disambiguation)
.
"Yuri I" redirects here. For the king of Galicia-Volhynia, see Yuri I of Galicia. For the human-powered helicopter, see Human-powered helicopter § Yuri I.

Yuri Dolgorukiy
Davyd Yuryevich
  • Vsevolod the Big Nest
    • Names
    Yuri "Dolgorukiy" Vladimirovich
    Yuri of Rostov-Suzdal
    Dynasty
    FatherVladimir II Monomakh
    MotherEufemia of Constantinople

    Yuri I Vladimirovich (

    Muscovy.[4] Yuri Dolgorukiy was the founder of the Yurievichi dynasty (Russian: Юрьевичи, romanized: Yuryevichi Ukrainian: Юрійовичі, romanized: Yuriiovychi), a branch of the Monomakhovichi
    .

    Yuri spent much of his life in internecine strife with the other Rus' princes for suzerainty over the

    Kiev (in September 1149 – April 1151, again in March 1155 – May 1157) and rule as Grand Prince of Kiev, his autocratic rule and perceived foreigner status made him unpopular with the powerful Kievan boyars, leading to his presumed poisoning and the expulsion of his son (later Andrei Bogoliubsky of Vladimir-Suzdal) in 1157.[citation needed] His rule marked the effective end of the Rus' as a unified entity until the Mongol invasions, with powerful provincial territories like Vladimir-Suzdal and Galicia-Volhynia now competing for the throne of Kiev.[citation needed
    ]

    Biography

    Birth

    Yuri was the sixth son of Vladimir Monomakh. It is unclear when Yuri was born. Some chronicles report that Yuri's elder brother, Viacheslav, said to him: "I am much older than you; I was already bearded when you were born."[citation needed] Since Viacheslav was born in 1083, this supposedly pushes Yuri's birth to c. 1099/1100.[citation needed] However, the Primary Chronicle records the first marriage of Yuri – on 12 January 1108. It means that Yuri was born before c. 1099/1100 (as he could not have been 6–9 years old at the time of marriage).[citation needed]

    Activities in Rostov and Suzdal

    In 1108 Vladimir Monomakh sent his young son Yuri to govern in his name the vast

    Pereslavl-Zalesski and Yuriev-Polski (in 1152), and Dmitrov (in 1154). The establishment of Tver, Kostroma, and Vologda is also popularly assigned to Yuri.[citation needed
    ]

    In 1147 Yuri Dolgorukiy had a meeting with

    fortified Moscow with wooden walls and a moat.[citation needed] Although the settlement probably existed later or earlier, Dolgorukiy is often called "the Founder of Moscow".[citation needed
    ]

    Struggle for Kiev

    For all the interest he took in fortifying his Northern lands, Yuri still coveted the throne of

    Pereyaslav of the South. The Novgorodians, however, betrayed him, and Yuri avenged by seizing their key eastern fortress, Torzhok.[citation needed
    ]

    In 1147, Dolgorukiy resumed his struggle for Kiev and in 1149[

    Saviour Church in Berestovo, Kiev, but his tomb is empty.[citation needed
    ]

    Marriages and children

    The

    Turkic origin.[citation needed
    ]

    His second wife Helena survived him and moved to Constantinople. Her paternity is not known for certain, but Nikolay Karamzin was the first to theorise that Helena was returning to her native city. She has since been theorised to be a member of the Komnenos dynasty which ruled the Byzantine Empire throughout the life of Yuri.[citation needed]

    Yuri had at least fifteen children.[citation needed] The identities of the mothers are not known for certain.[citation needed]

    • The following are considered elder children and usually attributed to the first wife.
      • Rostislav, Prince of Pereyaslavl (d. 6 April 1151).
      • Ivan, Prince of Kursk (d. 24 February 1147).
      • Olga (d. 1189). Married Yaroslav Osmomysl.
      • Andrei I Bogolyubsky
        (c. 1111 – 28 June 1174).
      • Maria. Married Oleg Sviatoslavich, Prince of Novhorod-Siverskyi.
      • Sviatoslav (d. 11 January 1174).
      • Yaroslav (d. 12 April 1166).
      • Gleb of Kiev (d. 1171).
      • Turov
        (d. 12 May 1159).
      • Mstislav,
        Prince of Novgorod
        (d. 1166).
      • Vasilko,
        Prince of Suzdal
        (deposed in 1161).
    • The following are considered youngest and typically attributed to the second wife

    Memorials

    The Moscow monument of Yuri Dolgorukiy as shown on a 1997 Russian coin

    Yuri's memory is cherished as the legendary founder of Moscow. His patron saint, Saint George appears on the coat of arms of Moscow slaying a dragon. In 1954, a monument to him designed by sculptor Sergei Orlov was erected on Moscow's Tverskaya Street, the city's principal avenue, in front of the Moscow municipality.[citation needed]

    Dolgoruki's image was stamped on the Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow", introduced in 1947.[citation needed]

    There are monuments of Yuri Dolgorukiy in Dmitrov and Kostroma.[citation needed]

    The nuclear submarine

    RFS Yury Dolgoruky is named after him.[citation needed
    ]

    Yuri Dolgorukiy
    Born: 1099 Died: 15 May 1157
    Regnal titles
    Preceded by
    ?
    		 Prince of Rostov and Suzdal
    1108–1157     		Succeeded by
    Andrei Bogolyubsky
    Preceded by Grand Prince of Kiev
    1149–1151     		Succeeded by
    Preceded by Grand Prince of Kiev
    1155–1157     		Succeeded by

    References

    1. ^ a b Martin 2007, p. 43.
    2. ^ a b c Martin 2007, p. 110.
    3. ^ Martin 2007, p. 92.
    4. ISBN 9780875690902
      .
    5. LCCN 53-10264
      .

    Bibliography
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