Zacarias Moussaoui

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Zacarias Moussaoui
زكريا موسوي
Weapons of Mass Destruction
  • Conspiracy to Murder United States Employees
  • Conspiracy to Destroy Property
TrialTrials related to the September 11 attacks (March 6, 2006 (2006-03-06) – May 3, 2006 (2006-05-03))
Criminal penalty6 consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole
Capture status
In custody
Details
CountryUnited States
Date apprehended
August 16, 2001 (2001-08-16)
Imprisoned atADX Florence[1]
Notes
Charging Indictment can be accessed here. Moussaoui filed an appeal on May 12, 2006 which was denied in 2010.[2]

Zacarias Moussaoui (

U.S. federal court to conspiring to kill citizens of the United States as part of the 9/11 attacks. He is serving life imprisonment without the possibility of parole at the Federal ADX Supermax prison in Florence, Colorado. Moussaoui is the only person ever convicted in U.S. court in connection with the 11 September attacks.[3]

Overview

On 16 August 2001, Moussaoui was arrested in Minnesota by the FBI and charged with an immigration violation. He aroused suspicion while taking flight training courses in Eagan, Minnesota.

On 11 December 2001, Moussaoui was indicted by a federal grand jury in United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on six felony charges: conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries, conspiracy to commit aircraft piracy, conspiracy to destroy aircraft, conspiracy to use weapons of mass destruction, conspiracy to murder United States employees, and conspiracy to destroy property.

Moussaoui was alleged by federal prosecutors to have been a replacement for the "first"

visas
. However, prosecutors in Moussaoui's drawn-out trial in the US had difficulty directly connecting him to the 19 participants.

Moussaoui's trial was seen in some circles as a barometer of the ability and willingness of the United States to give a fair hearing to terrorism suspects. Others objected to the degree to which the court and especially Judge

federal prosecutors by requesting the presence of captured al-Qaeda
members as witnesses in his case.

During the trial, Moussaoui initially stated that he was not involved in the 11 September attacks, but that he was planning an attack of his own. Some al-Qaeda members reportedly corroborated Moussaoui's statement to an extent, saying that he was involved in a plot other than 11 September, but prosecutors believed that his story had no merit. On 3 April 2006, Moussaoui was found to be eligible for the death penalty. Before leaving the courtroom, he was reported to have shouted, "You will never get my blood. God curse you all!"[5]

On 3 May 2006, a jury decided against the death penalty for Moussaoui. The next day, he was sentenced to life in prison without parole. As he was led out of the courtroom, Moussaoui clapped his hands and said, "America, you lost ... I won."[6] Judge Brinkema responded by telling him that he would "die with a whimper" and "never get a chance to speak again".[7] Three jurors decided Moussaoui had only limited knowledge of the 11 September plot, and three described his role in the attacks as minor, if he had any role at all.[8]

Moussaoui is currently incarcerated in ADX Florence, Colorado.[9]

Personal history

Childhood

Aicha el-Wafi, Moussaoui's mother, was 14 when she was married to a man that she did not previously know,

better source needed
]


According to his brother, Abd Samad Moussaoui, Zacarias loved to play

handball:[14]

For Zacarias [his brother wrote in the Guardian], handball quickly became more than a sport—it was his passion. He was brilliant. Everyone recognized it—his trainers, his team-mates, even his opponents. For Zacarias, the future was all mapped out. He would study and play sports.

Militant training

Moussaoui has been known by other names, reportedly including Abu Khaled al Sahrawi and Shaquil while he was in Oklahoma.

]

French authorities began monitoring Moussaoui in 1996 when they observed him with Islamic extremists in London. In 1998, he attended the

Riduan Ismauddin
sent Sufaat to provide Moussaoui with US$35,000 and travel documents in Malaysia in October.

Flight training

From 26 February to 29 May 2001, Moussaoui attended flight training courses at University of Oklahoma Flight School in Norman, Oklahoma. Despite 57 hours of flying lessons, he failed and left without ever having flown solo. This school was also visited by Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi, who piloted planes into the north and south towers of the World Trade Center.

During his time in Norman, Moussaoui had a roommate named Hussein al-Attas. On 11 August 2001, Hussein al-Attas drove Moussaoui to Minnesota from Oklahoma.[20] Hussein al-Attas said that he and Moussaoui planned to take a trip to New York City in late August/early September 2001. In 2002, al-Attas admitted that he lied to the FBI to conceal

  • Moussaoui's name, extremist jihadi and anti-American beliefs, and his efforts to radicalize al-Attas;
  • his (al-Attas's) own radical tendencies; and
  • the names of other Middle Easterners who were taking flight lessons in Oklahoma.[15]


Moussaoui allegedly received US$14,000 in wire transfers from bin al-Shibh, originating from

Pan-Am uses is operated by Northwest Aerospace Training Corporation (NATCO), a training facility affiliated with Northwest Airlines. Moussaoui was reportedly considered as a replacement for Ziad Jarrah, who at one point threatened to withdraw from the scheme because of tensions amongst the plotters.[21]
Plans to include Moussaoui were never completed because the al-Qaeda hierarchy allegedly had doubts about his reliability.

Clarence Prevost, the flight instructor assigned to Moussaoui, began to have suspicions about his student. His behavior largely resembled that of other seemingly wealthy men who had come to the center in the past to receive jumbo jet training despite the fact that they would likely never use it, but some characteristics were unusual. Prevost said later that in pre-simulator instruction, Moussaoui would ask questions that had the right

FBI, who came to meet with him. (Despite later reports, Moussaoui did not skip the training for takeoff and landing). [22]

Capture

On 16 August 2001, Moussaoui was arrested by Harry Samit of the

crop dusting.[23]

Some agents worried that his flight training had violent intentions, so the Minnesota bureau tried to get permission (sending over 70 emails in a week) to search his laptop, but they were turned down.

USA Patriot Act
). Several further search attempts similarly failed.

Khalden Camp in Afghanistan, was Moussaoui.[25] The 9/11 Commission Report opined that had Ressam been asked about Moussaoui, he would have broken the FBI's logjam.[25] Had that happened, the Report opined, the U.S. might conceivably have disrupted or derailed the 9/11 attacks altogether.[25]

Court proceedings

On 11 December 2001, Moussaoui was

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on six felony charges: conspiracy to commit acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries, conspiracy to commit aircraft piracy, conspiracy to destroy aircraft, conspiracy to use weapons of mass destruction, conspiracy to murder United States employees, and conspiracy to destroy property.[26] The indictment of Zacarias Moussaoui named as unindicted co-conspirators Ramzi Bin al-Shibh and Mustafa al-Hawsawi, among others, for their role in the attack "to murder thousands of innocent people in New York, Virginia and Pennsylvania
".

On 2 January 2002, Moussaoui refused to enter any plea to the charges and so Judge Leonie Brinkema entered pleas of not guilty. A hearing was held on 22 April 2002, to determine his right to self-representation, for by then Moussaoui had declined the assistance of his court-appointed attorneys, and asked to defend himself. At another hearing on 13 June 2002, Brinkema deemed him competent to defend himself and allowed the case to move forward. However, Moussaoui later requested the occasional assistance of attorneys to help him with technical issues.

Moussaoui admitted his involvement with al-Qaeda, but claimed he was not involved in the 9/11 attacks. Rather, he claimed that he was preparing for a separate attack. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed had earlier told investigators that Moussaoui met with him prior to 11 September, but that he, Mohammed, chose not to use him. No evidence directly linking Moussaoui to the 9/11 attacks has yet been released.

The trial highlighted a tension in the United States between the

Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi
. Both requests were claimed by prosecutors to be potential threats to national security. Brinkema denied the motion to access confidential documents, although Moussaoui was permitted to use several al-Qaeda prisoners as witnesses.

Brinkema put the death penalty "off limits" on 2 October 2003, in reply to government defiance of her order to provide access to Moussaoui's witnesses. The

United States Supreme Court, without comment, declined to hear Moussaoui's pre-trial appeal
of the Fourth Circuit's decision, returning the case to Brinkema.

On 22 April 2005, in one of the court sessions near the end of that phase of the proceedings, Moussaoui surprised the court by unexpectedly pleading guilty to all charges, while at the same time denying having any intention to produce a massacre like 9/11. He said that it was not his conspiracy, and that he intended to free Sheikh

747-400, since the plane is one of a few that could reach Afghanistan
from the U.S. without any intermediate stops.

On 6 February 2006, Moussaoui shouted "I am al-Qaeda. They do not represent me; they are Americans," referring to his attorneys while being escorted from the courtroom in front of 120 potential jurors.[27]

In March 2006, during the Moussaoui trial, several premises made headlines, including FBI agents stating that the bureau was aware, years before the attacks in 2001, that al-Qaeda planned to use planes to destroy important buildings,[28] and Brinkema's decision to consider dismissal of the death penalty. However, days later, under significant media attention, Brinkema decided not to dismiss the case, and instead ruled that witnesses could not testify and the government would be allowed to continue to seek the death sentence against him.[29]

On 27 March 2006, Moussaoui testified that he and "shoe bomber" Richard Reid had planned to crash a hijacked airplane into the White House in the 11 September attacks. No direct connection between Moussaoui and Reid had ever before been alleged, and this testimony contradicted earlier testimony by Moussaoui that he had been intended for an operation after 11 September. When asked why he had previously lied, he stated that "You're allowed to lie for jihad. You're allowed any technique to defeat your enemy."[30][31] There has been commentary in the mainstream media that Moussaoui's preference to die as an identified 9/11 plotter rather than receive a life sentence as a member of an unrealized scheme throws doubt on his self-admitted connection to 9/11.[32][33][34]

Court statements

Moussaoui refused legal representation for years; he entered confusing, insulting, and parallel court pleadings. His pleadings, statements, and behavior included the following:

2 January 2002: Moussaoui stated, "In the name of Allah, I do not have anything to plea, and I enter no plea."[35]

22 April 2002: Moussaoui tried to fire his court-appointed lawyers. Judge Brinkema took the request under advisement; on 13 June 2002, she ordered that he had the right to defend himself, and a search began for a Muslim lawyer.

UK, Australia, and the U.S.—and for the liberation of Palestine, Chechnya, and Afghanistan.[36] The Court ordered a psychiatric evaluation in response.[37]

7 June 2002: A court-appointed psychiatrist declared Moussaoui sufficiently competent for trial.[38]

11 June 2002: Moussaoui filed a motion, titled Motion for pre-contempt of Leonie Brinkema order to declare Zacarias Moussaoui crazy, which insisted on his competence to stand trial.[39] In it, he said he had tried "to get the help of the European Court of Justice and Parliaments". He then offered a psychological analysis of Judge Brinkema:

Mental Status Enumeration: Axis 1; Acute symptoms of Islamophobia with complex of gender inferiority.
Diagnostic Impressions: Legal pathological killer instinct with egoboasting dementia to become supreme.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Immediate psychiatric hospitalization to specialist unit (propose unit UBL treatment center ... )

18 July 2002: Moussaoui entered a guilty plea, stating, "I have knowledge and I participated in al-Qaeda. I am a member of al-Qaeda ... I pledge

The Court rejected the guilty plea as unconsidered and ordered Moussaoui to rethink his plea.

24 July 2002: Moussaoui's roommate from Oklahoma flight school, 24-year-old Hussein al-Attas, pleaded guilty to seven counts of making false statements, including the following:

The truth is that on several occasions, during the short time I knew him (Moussaoui) had expressed a general desire to participate in jihad, so my statement to the contrary was false ... When the agents asked if I (also) knew his real name, I lied and said I did not.[15]

Al-Attas stated that he told the FBI he was going to Pakistan to seek medical assistance for a sick relative in Saudi Arabia, but admitted, "The real reason was (Moussaoui) had convinced me to go to speak to Islamic scholars and others who hold the belief that Islamic religion favors participation in jihad."[citation needed]

Furthermore, al-Attas admitted to lying about his plans to go with Moussaoui to New York City in late August, 2001. He also confessed that he lied about some of Moussaoui's classmates at an Oklahoma flight school.[41]

28 July 2002: Moussaoui pleaded guilty to four of six counts of conspiracy. He denied charges of conspiracy to murder United States employees and destroy property.

Today, I truthfully will enter on some of the charges, not all, a plea of guilty ... It should not be misunderstood that I endorse the entire indictment. There is enough factual basis for me to plead guilty in a truthful manner.[42]

The Court rejected the guilty plea as too informal and reappointed his counsel. Moussaoui's response to this order to work with court-appointed counsel was, "It is most disgusting."

22 April 2003: Moussaoui filed a pleading with the header shown below. In the pleading, Judge Brinkema is referred to as "Death Judge Leonie".

In the Name of Allah; Censured by the United Sodom of America
4/19/2003; Case No. 01455A; 17 S 1423
Slave of Allah, Zacharias Moussaoui vs.

Slave of Satan, John Ashcroft[43]

18 July 2003: Moussaoui filed two pleadings. The first was titled Wanted for WTC Bankruptcy and offered an accounting of "WTC profit and loss" of "Loss: 3000 sons of evil. Profit: 19 slaves of Allah." That document had the following header:

In the Name of Allah; Censured by the United Satan of America
Slave of Allah, Zacharias Moussaoui vs.

Slave of Satan, Bush and Ashcroft[44]

The second pleading was titled No Pig Man Role in Moussaoui Deliverance Scenario and stated "To be seen in all God Fearing World Theatre Cinema. Deadline for 3000+ hotseat tickets (please contact United Booking Limited)."

21 March 2006: In response to al-Atta's testimony, Moussaoui commented, "God Bless Mohammed Atta."[20]

6 May 2006: In an affidavit filed by his attorneys after the trial, Moussaoui stated,[9]

10. During the plea colloquy I made it clear to the Court that I did not have knowledge of and was not a member of the plot to hijack and crash planes into buildings in 11 September 2001 but that I was part of another Al-Qaeda plot which was to occur after 11 September 2001.

11. My court appointed attorneys kept telling me that I should not testify and I thought that they would prevent me from testifying, so I decided to ask the government to let me testify as their witness.

12. It is my recollection that when the judge addressed the jury before my trial began, she informed the jury that I was part of the 11 September plot which further confirmed my distrust of the American justice system and further convinced me to testify since I was going to be given death for the 11 September plot anyway.

13. I decided to testify that I had knowledge of and was a member of the plot to hijack planes and crash them into buildings on 11 September 2001, even though I knew that was a complete fabrication.

14. I have never met Mohammed Atta and, while I may have seen a few of the other hijackers at the guesthouse, I never knew them or anything about their operation.

15. As I stated during my plea colloquy, I was in the United States as a member of Al-Qaeda but was involved in a separate operation ...

18. Because I now see that it is possible that I can receive a fair trial even with Americans as jurors and that I can have the opportunity to prove that I did not have any knowledge of and was not a member of the plot to hijack planes and crash them into buildings on 11 September 2001, I wish to withdraw my guilty plea and ask the Court for a new trial to prove my innocence of the 11 September plot.

Additional case filings are posted online.[45]

Trial and sentencing

Moussaoui, charged with conspiring to hijack planes and crash them into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, was in jail in Minnesota when the Sept. 11 attacks unfolded. In seeking a death sentence, prosecutors were required to prove that he "intentionally participated in an act ... and the victim died as a direct result of the act". Moussaoui admitted he knew about the attacks and did nothing to stop them.[citation needed]

Having entered a guilty plea, Moussaoui was eligible for the

death penalty. Germany said it would not release evidence against Moussaoui unless the U.S. promised not to seek death as punishment. On 27 April, 2005, French Justice Minister Dominique Perben said, "When France gave elements of information about Mr Moussaoui to the American justice, I obtained a written engagement of the United States not to use these elements to require or execute the death penalty."[46]

On 14 March 2006, Brinkema ruled that the prosecution could continue to seek the death penalty against Moussaoui, but could not use key witnesses coached by government lawyer Carla Martin. On 3 April 2006, the jury in his case decided that Moussaoui was eligible for the death penalty.[citation needed]

At Moussaoui's sentencing trial, FBI agent Greg Jones testified that, prior to the attacks, he urged his supervisor, Michael Maltbie, "to prevent Zacarias Moussaoui from flying a plane into the World Trade Center". Maltbie had refused to act on 70 requests from another agent, Harry Samit, to obtain a warrant to search Moussaoui's computer.[24]

On 3 May 2006, the jury reached a verdict: that Moussaoui be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Moussaoui was sentenced to six consecutive life terms on 4 May,[47] as Judge Brinkema expressed her belief that the sentence was an appropriate one, inasmuch as it would deprive Moussaoui of "martyrdom in a great big bang of glory" and of the "chance to speak again", after Moussaoui entered the courtroom proclaiming his victory and asserting that the United States would "never get Osama bin Laden". As he was leaving the courtroom, Moussaoui said, "America, you lost and I won," and clapped his hands twice. In fact, a single juror had saved Moussaoui from deaththe foreman of the 12-person federal jury told The Washington Post that the panel voted 11–1, 10–2 and 10–2 in favor of the death penalty on the three charges for which Moussaoui was eligible for execution.[48] A unanimous vote on any one of the three terrorism charges was required to return a death sentence.

On 8 May 2006, Moussaoui filed papers with the federal court in Alexandria, Virginia requesting to withdraw his guilty plea, stating that his earlier claim of participation in the 11 September plot was a "complete fabrication". He said that he was "extremely surprised" that he was not sentenced to death. "I now see that it is possible that I can receive a fair trial even with Americans as jurors," he said.[49] However, federal sentencing rules forbid pleas to be withdrawn after a sentence has already been executed, and Moussaoui had already waived his rights to appeal.

On 13 May 2006, Moussaoui was moved from his holding cell in

Alcatraz of the Rockies".[51] He has the Federal Bureau of Prisons number 51427-054.[1]

On 31 July 2006, the 1,202 exhibits presented during the case of United States v. Zacarias Moussaoui were posted online, marking the first time the exhibits of a criminal case in U.S. courts were so published.[52]

On 20 November 2007, Judge Brinkema publicly stated that the US government had provided incorrect information about evidence in the Moussaoui trial and that due to those actions, she was considering ordering a new trial in a related terrorism case, that of Ali al-Timimi, a Virginia Muslim cleric. Brinkema said that she could no longer trust the CIA and other government agencies on how they represent classified evidence in cases regarding terrorism after Moussaoui case prosecutors admitted that the CIA had assured her that no videotapes or audiotapes existed of interrogations of certain high-profile terrorism detainees, but later, in a letter made public 13 November, two such videotapes and one audio tape were made known.[53] According to his testimony, the citizen had training in accounting and organized the Al Qaeda's finances.[54][55]

Osama bin Laden's alleged response

On 23 May 2006, an audio recording attributed to Osama bin Laden said in translation that Moussaoui "had no connection at all with 11 September... I am the one in charge of the 19 brothers and I never assigned brother Zacarias to be with them in that mission ... Since Zacarias Moussaoui was still learning to fly, he wasn't number 20 in the group, as your government claimed". The voice alleged to be bin Laden also suggested that Moussaoui's confession was "void" as it was a result of pressures applied during his incarceration.[56][57]

Civil action 2015

Civil action is being taken by relatives of 9/11 victims, insurers and others against the

Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, who in January 2015 became Saudi Arabia's king.[58] Moussaoui's testimony provides new details of the extent and nature of that support in the pre-9/11 period. Judge Leonie M. Brinkema declared "Moussaoui is completely competent", called him "an extremely intelligent man" and added: "He has actually a better understanding of the legal system than some lawyers I've seen in court".[59]

The former senators

Stephen F. Lynch, and members of the 9/11 families including Terry Strada, national co-chair of the ″9/11 Families and Survivors United for Justice Against Terrorism″, held a press conference on Capitol Hill announcing the reintroduction of the resolution calling for the declassification of the 28 pages. Graham said that those pages "point a very strong finger at Saudi Arabia as the principal financier" of the 9/11 hijackers: "This may seem stale to some but it's as current as the headlines we see today," referring to the terrorist attack on a satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris.[61][62] In 2016 a partially redacted form of the pages were declassified by the Obama administration.[63]

Reward

On 24 January 2008, Clarence Prevost, the flight instructor who led authorities to Moussaoui, received a $5 million reward from the U.S. government. The payment was questioned by agent Coleen Rowley and Senators Amy Klobuchar and Norm Coleman, among others, on the basis that two other flight instructors had made the initial calls to the FBI.[64]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b "Zacarias Moussaoui Archived September 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on January 5, 2010.
  2. ^ U.S. v. Moussaoui, 591 F.3d 263 (United States Court of Appeals (4th Circuit) 04 January 2010).
  3. ^ Barakat, Matthew (9 September 2021). "Moussaoui trial revisited on the eve of Sept. 11 anniversary". AP. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  4. New York Times. Archived
    from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2015. The confessed Al Qaeda plotter Zacarias Moussaoui berated the judge today and was banned from the courtroom during the jury-selection process that will determine whether he lives or dies.
  5. ^ Hirschkorn, Phil. Moussaoui eligible for death penalty. Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine CNN (2006-04-05)
  6. ^
    Chicago Sun Times (2006-05-04). Available at findarticles.com.
    Retrieved on 2007-01-03
  7. ^ Judge hits back in Moussaoui spat. Archived February 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine BBC News (2006-04-04).
  8. ^ Lewis, Neil A. (4 May 2006). "Moussaoui Given Life Term by Jury Over Link to 9/11". The New York Times.
  9. ^
    FindLaw.com. Also available at uscourts.gov (PDF). Archived May 17, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
    Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  10. from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  11. ^ Kennedy, Helen. Terrorist's mom gets hug. Archived May 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine New York Daily News (2006-03-14).
  12. ^ Dominus, Susan (9 February 2003). "Everybody Has a Mother". The New York Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2015. He's not referring to Zacarias, who is being held in isolation in Virginia, charged with conspiracy in the Sept. 11 attacks. The waiter is talking about her other son, Abd-Samad Moussaoui, author of Zacarias, My Brother: The Making of a Terrorist, an account of his younger brother's life until 1995, when Zacarias was 27, after which the two fell permanently out of touch.
  13. ^ The Independent, 8 September 2011
  14. ^ My Brother Zac. The Guardian Unlimited (2003-04-18).
  15. ^ a b c Hirschkorn, Phil and Deborah Feyerick. Friend of Moussaoui pleads guilty to making false statements. Archived October 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine CNN (2002-07-22).
  16. ^ Woodward, Will. Hijack suspect was South Bank student. The Guardian (2001-10-06).
  17. ^ a b "The Religious Trajectories of the Moussaoui Family", Katherine Donahue, ISIM Review 21 (Spring 2008), p. 18, accessed 11 January 2001
  18. ^ "Who is Richard Reid?". BBC News. 28 December 2001. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  19. New York Times. Archived
    from the original on 9 May 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2010.
  20. ^ a b Hirschkorn, Phil. Roommate: Moussaoui saw jihad as way to paradise. Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine CNN (2006-03-21).
  21. ^ Eggen, Dan (23 April 2005). "Questions Linger on Moussaoui's Role in 9/11". The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
  22. ^ Flight instructor gets $5 million for catching terror suspect Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine CNN (2008-01-25)
  23. ^
    CNN News
    . 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2007.
  24. ^ a b Markon, Jerry and Timothy Dwyer. Damning evidence highlights FBI bungles. Archived March 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine The Sydney Morning Herald (March 22, 2006).
  25. ^ . Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  26. ^ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ZACARIAS MOUSSAOUI - Indictment. Archived July 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia Alexandria Division, United States Department of Justice, December 2001. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  27. ^ Moussaoui: 'I am al Qaeda'. Archived December 27, 2016, at the Wayback Machine CNN (2006-02-06).
  28. ^ Barakat, Matthew. Moussaoui Jury Watches Video Testimony. Archived February 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine Associated Press (2006-03-08).
  29. ^ Government Can Seek Death Penalty In 9/11 Case. Archived February 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine TheBostonChannel.com (2006-03-14).
  30. ^ Moussaoui lies 'let 9/11 happen'. Archived March 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine BBC News (2006-03-27.)
  31. ^ Hirschkorn, Phil. Moussaoui: White House was my 9/11 target. Archived May 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine CNN (2006-03-27.)
  32. ^ Lithwick, Dahlia (3 April 2006). "When You Wish Upon a Scar: Zacarias Moussai finally makes his dream come true". Slate. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2015. When it looked like little Moussaoui was too small to play the outsized role the prosecutors had scripted for him, he simply grew himself to fit into it. Moussaoui's lies don't appear to have actually advanced the conspiracy of 9/11, but they have certainly forwarded the conspiracy to put him to death as a perpetrator of 9/11.
  33. ^ Serrano, Richard A. In Court, Two 20th Hijackers Stand Up. Archived October 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times (2006-04-03.)
  34. ^ Moussaoui Says He Was to Hijack 5th Plane. Archived November 23, 2007, at archive.today Associated Press (2006-03-27.)
  35. ^ United States of America v. Zacarias Moussaoui, Memorandum of Law Regarding Defendant's Motion to Proceed pro se and Status of Counsel. Archived October 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine The Smoking Gun. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  36. ^ a b c d Court transcript. Archived October 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine The Smoking Gun. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  37. ^ Timeline: The Case Against Zacarias Moussaoui NPR. May 3, 2006.
  38. ^ Government's response to Standby Counsel Archived March 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine at FindLaw.com. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  39. ^ Court notes. Archived February 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine The Smoking Gun. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  40. ^ Court transcript. Archived November 7, 2005, at the Wayback Machine The Smoking Gun. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  41. ^ Moussaoui Roommate Pleads Guilty. Archived November 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine CBS News (2002-07-22).
  42. ^ Moussaoui tries to plead guilty to four charges; then withdraws. Archived October 31, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Court TV News (2002-07-25).
  43. ^ Court notes. Archived October 2, 2009, at the Wayback Machine The Smoking Gun. Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  44. ^ Court notes. Archived January 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine The Smoking Gun. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  45. ^ Convicted al Qaeda Terrorist Facing Death Penalty Sentencing Trial. Archived May 4, 2006, at the Wayback Machine FindLaw Legal News: Special Coverage: War on Terror: Cases. Retrieved on 2007-01-03.
  46. ^ (in French) Kacem, Abdel. Le deal de la France avec Washington. Archived July 13, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Fidès Journal (Nov 29, 2002)
  47. ^ Moussaoui formally sentenced, still defiant. NBC News (May 4, 2006).
  48. ^ One Juror Between Terrorist And Death. Washington Post (May 12, 2006).
  49. ^ Asseo, Laurie. Moussaoui Seeks to Withdraw Guilty Plea in Sept. 11 Attacks. Archived June 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg (May 8, 2006).
  50. ^ "U.S. Marshals Deliver Zacarias Moussaoui to "ADMAX" Prison". [U.S. Marshals]. 13 May 2006. Archived from the original on 9 January 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
  51. ^ "Moussaoui headed for 'Alcatraz of the Rockies'" Archived November 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, MSNBC.com (May 5, 2006)
  52. ^ "United States v. Zacarias Moussaoui Criminal, No. 01-455-A Trial Exhibits". United States District Court Eastern District of Virginia. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  53. ^ Mike Rosen-Molina (21 November 2007). "US judge mulls new terror trial for Muslim cleric after Moussaoui evidence revelations". JURIST Legal News & Research Services.
  54. ^ "Exhibit "5" to the Affirmation of Sean P. Carter Transmitting Evidence in Support of Plaintiffs' Memorandum of Law in Opposition to the Motion to Dismiss of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Saudi High Commission for Relief of Bosnia & Herzegovina" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016.
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  59. Washington DC. p. A1. Archived
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  60. from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015. Now new claims by Zacarias Moussaoui, a convicted former member of Al Qaeda, that he had high-level contact with officials of the Saudi government in the prelude to Sept. 11 have brought renewed attention to the inquiry's withheld findings, which lawmakers and relatives of those killed in the attacks have tried unsuccessfully to declassify.
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  62. ^ Eleanor Clift: "The Missing Pages of the 9/11 Report" Archived December 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The Daily Beast, January 12, 2015
  63. ^ Jim Sciutto; Ryan Browne; Deirdre Walsh (15 July 2016). "Congress releases secret '28 pages' on alleged Saudi 9/11 ties". CNN. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
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References

External links