Zakarid dynasty

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Zakarid-Mkhargrzeli
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Zakarids
Զաքարյաններ
მხარგრძელი
Nobility
Zakaryan's coat of arms with the iconography of a lion and a bull, at Geghard.
Parent housePahlavuni[1]
CountryZakarid Armenia
FounderKhosrov
Cadet branchesTmogveli
Gageli
Argutinsky-Dolgorukov

The Zakarid dynasty, also Zakarids or Zakarians

Tamar.[7] They were also known by their Georgian nickname Mkhargrdzeli (მხარგრძელი, "Long-armed", in Armenian: Երկայնաբազուկ, Yerkaynbazuk). A family legend says that this name was a reference to their Achaemenid ancestor Artaxerxes II the "Longarmed" (404–358 BC).[8][9] According to Cyril Toumanoff / Encyclopædia Iranica, they were an offshoot of the Armenian Pahlavuni family.[1] The Zakarians considered themselves Armenians.[10]

During the 13th century, the Zakarids held the highest offices in the Georgian government, as Atabegs (Governor General) and Amirspasalars (Commander-in-Chief of the Army) of the Kingdom of Georgia.[11]

History

The dynasty was of

Tbilissi.[26] The Zakarids became vassals of the House of Orbeli. Under George III of Georgia, Sargis Zakarian was appointed as governor of the Armenian city of Ani in 1161, however it was soon recaptured by the Shaddadids. In 1177, the Zakarids supported the monarchy against the insurgents during the rebellion of Prince Demna and the Orbeli family. The uprising was suppressed, and George III persecuted his opponents and elevated the Zakarids. Sargis was granted Lori during the reign of the Tamar of Georgia in 1186, starting a long period during which the Zakarids held some of the highest positions at the Georgian court, such as Atabeg (Governor General) and Amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief of the Georgian army).[25]

sharbush hat and kaftans.[28]

The Zakarids were so successful and talentuous, with land holdings throughout Armenia and Georgia, that they were promoted to the highest posts in the Georgian government, despite their Kurdish-Armenian origins and the fact that they followed the

Basen
in 1203 and leading raids into northern Iran in 1210 and suppression of rebellions of mountaineers in 1212. They amassed a great fortune, governing all of northern Armenia; Zakare and his descendants ruled in northwestern Armenia with Ani as their capital, while Ivane and his offspring ruled eastern Armenia, including the city of Dvin.

Both brothers left several bilingual inscriptions across the Armeno-Georgian border lands and built several churches and forts, such as the Harichavank Monastery and Akhtala Monastery in northern Armenia. The family went in decline with the establishment of Mongol power in the Caucasus.

When the Khwarazmian Empire invaded the region, Dvin was ruled by the aging Ivane, who had given Ani to his nephew Shahnshah, son of Zakare. Dvin was lost, but Kars and Ani did not surrender.[30] However, when Mongols took Ani in 1236, they had a friendly attitude towards the Zakarids. They confirmed Shanshe in his fief, and even added to it the fief of Avag, son of Ivane. Further, in 1243, they gave Akhlat to the princess Tamta, daughter of Ivane.[30]

After the Mongols captured Ani in 1236, the Zakarids ruled not as vassals of the Bagratids, but rather the Mongols.[31] The later kings of Zakarids continued their control over Ani until the 1360, when they lost to the Kara Koyunlu Turkoman tribes, who made Ani their capital.[31]

In the 18th century the branch of the Zakarids–Mkhargrdzeli entered the ranks of the Russian Empire nobility and became known as Argutinsky-Dolgorukov.

Offices in the Georgian government

Main article: Court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia
Kobayr Monastery, Chapel-Aisle, 1282.[33]

The Zakarids held some of the

Orbelians.[34] Khutlubuga then conspired to have Demetrius II excecuted by the Mongols in 1289, and finally obtained the atabegate.[34] The Zakarids recovered the office of atabeg in the early 14th century.[34] From 1306, the office definitively went away from the Zakarids, as Sargis II Jaqeli was made Amirspasalar and Atabeg of the Kingdom of Georgia by his nephew, King George V "the Brilliant".[11]


Genealogy

family tree of Zakarids
Khosrov
Avag-SargisKarim
Zakare I
SargisVahram
Zakare IINane
(Inana)		Dopi
(Shushan)		TamtaIvaneZakareSargis
Tamta
AvagVahramTaki ad-Din
ArtashirZakare IIIAvag-SargisIvane IIZakarianAgbughaBeri
George		KhoshakAgbughaSargis II
DavidShahnshah IIVahramArtashirAgbughaZazaZakareVahramZakareIvane
ZakareShahnshah III

References

  1. ^ a b Toumanoff 2010, pp. 453–455.
  2. ISBN 1568591411
    .
  3. ISBN 978-9004280229
    .
  4. ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam. — E. J. BRILL, 1986. — Vol. I. — P. 507 "Ani was for the first time conquered by the Georgians in 1124, under David II, who laid the foundation of the power of the Georgian kings; the town was given as a fief to the Armenian family of the Zakarians, (in Georgian: Mkhargrdzeli = Longimani) "
  5. ^ Cyril Toumanoff. Armenia and Georgia // The Cambridge Medieval History. — Cambridge, 1966. — vol. IV: The Byzantine Empire, part I chapter XIV. — p. 593—637 "Later, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Armenian house of the Zakarians (Mkhargrdzeli) ruled in northern Armenia at Ani, Lor'i, Kars, and Dvin under the Georgian aegis."
  6. ISBN 978-83-233-4190-1
    . In 1256 a fifth Mongol ulus was created, with the ilkhan Hulagu, the Great Khan's brother, as its governor. His task was to develop the Mongol Empire in the Near East. The historical territories of Armenia became part of the Ilkhanate of Persia.
  7. Proshian clan, who were particularly important for the history of the Gladzor
    Gospels.
  8. ^ Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, 3th[clarification needed] volume
  9. ^ Paul Adalian, Rouben (2010). Historical Dictionary of Armenia. p. 83.
  10. ^ Strayer, Joseph (1982). Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. 1. p. 485. The degree of Armenian dependence on Georgia during this period is still the subject of considerable controversy. The numerous Zak'arid inscriptions leave no doubt that they considered themselves Armenians, and they often acted independently.
  11. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4422-4146-6
    .
  12. ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. I. E. J. BRILL. 1986. p. 507. Ani was for the first time conquered by the Georgians in 1124, under David II, who laid the foundation of the power of the Georgian kings; the town was given as a fief to the Armenian family of the Zakarids
  13. ^ Cyril Toumanoff. (1966). "Armenia and Georgia". IV: The Byzantine Empire, part I chapter XIV (The Cambridge Medieval History ed.). Cambridge: 593–637. Later, in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Armenian house of the Zachariads (Mkhargrdzeli) ruled in northern Armenia at Ani, Lor'i, Kars, and Dvin under the Georgian aegis {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  14. ^ Garsoian N. G. Armenia: History of // Dictionary of the Middle Ages / Joseph Strayer. — 1982. — Vol. 1. — P. 485
  15. ^ Marr N. Ya. John Petritsky, Georgian Neoplatonist of the 11th–12th centuries  // Notes of the Eastern Branch of the Russian Archaeological Society, issue. 2-3 . — P. 61
  16. ^ Eastmond A. Tamta's World . — Cambridge University Press, 2017. — 479 p. — ISBN 978-1-107-16756-8 .
  17. ^ Robert W. Thomson. Rewriting Caucasian History. The Medieval Armenian Adaptation of the Georgian Chronicles. The Original Georgian Texts and the Armenian Adaptation. - Clarendon Press, 1996. - P. xxxvi.
  18. ^ Vardan Arewelts'i's, Compilation of History In these time there lived the glorious princes Zak'are' and Iwane', sons of Sargis, son of Vahram, son of Zak'are', son of Sargis of Kurdish nationality (i K'urd azge') p. 82.
  19. ^ Kirakos Gandzaketsi, The History of Armenian, İng Robert Bedrosyan, 1986, s.
  20. ^ Alexei Lidov, 1991, The mural paintings of Akhtala, p. 14, Nauka Publishers, Central Dept. of Oriental Literature, University of Michigan, ISBN 5-02-017569-2,ISBN 978-5-02-017569-3, It is clear from the account of these Armenian historians that Ivane's great grandfather broke away from the Kurdish tribe of Babir.
  21. ^ Vladimir Minorsky, 1953, Studies in Caucasian History, p. 102, CUP Archive, ISBN 0-521-05735-3,ISBN 978-0-521-05735-6, According to a tradition which has every reason to be true, their ancestors were Mesopotamian Kurds of the tribe (xel) Babirakan.
  22. ^ William Edward David Allen, 1932, A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century, p. 104, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-7100-6959-6, ISBN 0-7100-6959-6, ISBN 978-0-7100-6959-7,She retained and leant upon the numerous relatives of argis Mkhargrdzeli, an aznauri of Kurdish origin.
  23. ^ Alexei Lidov, 1991, The mural paintings of Akhtala, p. 14, Nauka Publishers, Central Dept. of Oriental Literature, University of Michigan.
  24. ^ ^ "Kirakos Ganjakec'i or Arewelc'i". Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. 12 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Ocak 2021.
  25. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8108-5580-9
    .
  26. ISBN 978-0-8108-5580-9
    .
  27. ISBN 978-1-107-16756-8
    . Zakare and Ivane Mqargrdzeli on the east facade at Harichavank, Armenia, 1201
  28. ISBN 9781316711774. At Harichavank the clothes have been updated to reflect contemporary fashion, with its sharbushes (the high, peaked hats) and bright kaftans, as can be seen when comparing the image with those in contemporary manuscripts, such as the Haghbat Gospels (Matenadaran 6288) of 1211 [Fig. 17]
    .
  29. ISBN 978-1-78023-070-2
    .
  30. ^
    ISBN 0-521-05735-3
    .
  31. ^ a b c Sim, Steven. "The City of Ani: A Very Brief History". VirtualANI. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
  32. S2CID 154853564
    .
  33. ^ Дрампян, Ирина Рубеновна (1979). Фрески Кобайра (in Armenian). Советакан грох. p. 20. The frescoes of the Kobayr monastery (...) The frescoes of Kobayr refer to the second, i . e . to the Zakarian period. There has been a period when most of the structures of the monastery were covered with paintings. Now if we don't count the traces of painting on the other structures, only two monuments have preserved part of their decoration; and those are the Big Church and the Aisle adjoining it from the north. Thanks to the inscription referring to the construction of the building, we are informed of the date, which is the year 1282, and also the name of the donor, the monk George who was the son of Shahnshah, of the Zakarian family. Though we don't have documental informations concerning the paintings of the Aisle , the portraits of the donators whom we consider to be Shahnshah and his wife allow us to look upon the painting as one close to the date of the Big Church; the likeness in the artistic style confirms this suggestion. - From all the wall paintings of the Big Church only that of the altar has been preserved. As for the Aisle , here we can see not only the altar painting, but also remains of frescoes on the northern and western walls. The iconography of the altar paintings of the Big Church and the Aisle, on the whole, can be traced back to the Byzantine system of decoration. Having been already formed in the XI c., it has also some local peculiarities, the sources of which go back to the Armenian monumental art of earlier ages, beginning from the VII c. The set-up of both altar paintings are similar: the Church Fathers are in the lower rank, the Eucharist is in the middle. The difference lies in the upper circle, in the concha...
  34. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4422-4146-6
    .

Sources
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