Zakopane

Coordinates: 49°18′N 19°57′E / 49.300°N 19.950°E / 49.300; 19.950
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the state, see Republic of Zakopane.

Zakopane
View of Zakopane from Butorowy Wierch
View of Zakopane from Butorowy Wierch
Car plates
KTT
Websitewww.zakopane.eu

Zakopane (Podhale Goral: Zokopane)[2] is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has been part of Lesser Poland Voivodeship. As of 2017 its population was 27,266.[1] Zakopane is a centre of Goral culture and is often referred to as "the winter capital of Poland". It is a popular destination for mountaineering, skiing, and tourism.[3]

Zakopane lies near Poland's border with

above sea level
and centres on the intersection of its Krupówki and Kościuszko Streets.

History

A postcard of Zakopane from 1916

The earliest documents mentioning Zakopane date to the 17th century, describing a glade called Zakopisko. In 1676, it was a village of 43 inhabitants. In 1818, Zakopane was a small town that was still being developed. There were only 340 homes that held 445 families. The population of Zakopane at that time was 1,805: 934 women and 871 men.[4] The first church was built in 1847, by Józef Stolarczyk.[4]

Zakopane became a center for the region's

health resort. Rail services to Zakopane began on October 1, 1899. In the late 1800s, Zakopane constructed a road that went to the town of Nowy Targ and had railways that came from Chabówka.[4] Because of easier transportation, the population of Zakopane had increased to about 3,000 people by the end of the 1800s.[4]
In the 19th century, Krupówki Street was just a narrow beaten path that was meant for people to get from the central part of town to the village of Kuźnice.

The ski jump on Wielka Krokiew was opened in 1925. The cable car to Kasprowy Wierch was completed in 1936. The funicular connected Zakopane and the top of Gubałówka in 1938.

Because of Zakopane's popular ski mountains, the town gained popularity which made the number of tourists increase to about 60,000 people by 1930.[4]

During the joint German-Soviet

coordinate the pacification of resistance in Poland. Throughout World War II, Zakopane served as an underground staging point between Poland and Hungary.[6]

From 1942 to 1943, 1,000 prisoners from the German Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp were set to work in a stone quarry.[7] In 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported thousands of Varsovians from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków, where they were initially imprisoned, to Zakopane.[8] Those Poles were mainly old people, ill people and women with children.[8] In mid-October 1944, there were 3,800 registered Poles, who were expelled from Warsaw, and probably another 3,800 unregistered expellees.[8] In January 1945, the Germans retreated from Zakopane and the German occupation ended.

Immediately after the war, a children's Home for

Holocaust Survivors was established in Zakopane.[9]

Climate

Zakopane has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb),[10][11] with the main factor behind its relative coldness compared to the rest of Poland is its altitude. In general, the temperature tends to fall with altitude, therefore Zakopane is almost 3 °C (5.4 °F) colder than northern Kraków, which is more than 600 m (2,000 ft) lower than Zakopane. With higher altitudes, the climate gets even colder, therefore, on the top of Kasprowy Wierch (1,987 m (6,519 ft) above sea level), the climate is tundra-like (Köppen: ET). The tree line is located at about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level in the Tatra Mountains.

Winters are typically frosty but are relatively sunny for Poland - in fact, Zakopane receives among the most sun in winter in the country.[12] Snow is normally abundant, particularly in the higher altitudes, which makes Zakopane among the most popular ski resorts in Poland. Summers are cool to warm but rarely get hot.

The defining feature of the local climate is the location on the northern slope of the Tatra mountains. Zakopane receives significantly more precipitation than cities on the lowlands to the north of the

Carpathians, and just like in the mountains in general, there might be sudden weather changes from sunny to rainy, and vice versa. Occasionally, a very warm foehn wind locally known as halny
may dramatically increase the temperatures, sometimes beyond 10 °C (50 °F) in winter.

Extreme temperatures range from −34.1 °C (−29.4 °F) on February 1, 1956 up to 32.8 °C (91.0 °F) on August 8, 2013;[13][14] the record cold daily maximum is −19.6 °C (−3.3 °F), set on February 1, 1956,[14][15] while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) on August 29, 1992.[16][17]

Climate data for Zakopane, 49°17′38″N 19°57′37″E / 49.29389°N 19.96028°E / 49.29389; 19.96028 (855 m (2,805 ft) asl, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.9
(58.8) 		17.6
(63.7) 		20.3
(68.5) 		25.5
(77.9) 		27.3
(81.1) 		31.4
(88.5) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.8
(91.0) 		30.7
(87.3) 		26.3
(79.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		18.4
(65.1) 		32.8
(91.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 9.9
(49.8) 		11.0
(51.8) 		14.3
(57.7) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.4
(81.3) 		28.5
(83.3) 		28.1
(82.6) 		23.9
(75.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		10.2
(50.4) 		29.6
(85.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		2.0
(35.6) 		5.4
(41.7) 		11.3
(52.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.5
(67.1) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.3
(61.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		6.6
(43.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		11.2
(52.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		10.7
(51.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.6
(60.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		6.5
(43.7) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		6.2
(43.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.0
(19.4) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		1.2
(34.2) 		5.7
(42.3) 		9.3
(48.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		10.5
(50.9) 		6.5
(43.7) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−1.5
(29.3) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		1.9
(35.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −17.6
(0.3) 		−15.9
(3.4) 		−12.3
(9.9) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		3.8
(38.8) 		5.4
(41.7) 		4.9
(40.8) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−10.6
(12.9) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−19.9
(−3.8)
Record low °C (°F) −29.8
(−21.6) 		−34.1
(−29.4) 		−23.8
(−10.8) 		−12.0
(10.4) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		0.9
(33.6) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−10.7
(12.7) 		−19.6
(−3.3) 		−25.5
(−13.9) 		−34.1
(−29.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.6
(1.83) 		51.3
(2.02) 		61.4
(2.42) 		81.2
(3.20) 		141.5
(5.57) 		149.4
(5.88) 		191.6
(7.54) 		125.3
(4.93) 		111.0
(4.37) 		80.8
(3.18) 		59.7
(2.35) 		45.1
(1.78) 		1,145
(45.08)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 62.0
(24.4) 		90.5
(35.6) 		97.9
(38.5) 		71.2
(28.0) 		13.4
(5.3) 		3.3
(1.3) 		0.1
(0.0) 		0.4
(0.2) 		5.2
(2.0) 		13.7
(5.4) 		23.3
(9.2) 		37.9
(14.9) 		97.9
(38.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 17.43 16.27 17.23 15.70 18.70 18.37 18.43 14.77 14.17 14.90 15.63 16.53 198.13
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 29.9 28.0 30.1 25.8 6.6 1.1 0.0 0.1 2.4 10.1 16.9 28.2 179.2
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		81.1 78.5 75.0 71.1 74.4 76.1 76.7 77.4 81.6 81.7 82.9 83.5 78.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69.1 81.2 118.2 162.5 179.6 178.3 197.1 193.4 128.4 113.8 75.6 55.6 1,552.8
Average ultraviolet index 2 1 2 3 3 5 5 4 3 2 2 1 3
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020),[26][27][28] Weather Atlas (UV)[29]
Climate data for Kasprowy Wierch, 49°13′57″N 19°58′55″E / 49.23250°N 19.98194°E / 49.23250; 19.98194 (1,987 m (6,519 ft) asl, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0) 		9.9
(49.8) 		9.4
(48.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		22.6
(72.7) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.5
(72.5) 		19.8
(67.6) 		16.9
(62.4) 		13.9
(57.0) 		8.8
(47.8) 		23.4
(74.1)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6) 		2.6
(36.7) 		4.1
(39.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		13.4
(56.1) 		17.9
(64.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.7
(65.7) 		14.4
(57.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		7.5
(45.5) 		4.6
(40.3) 		20.3
(68.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −4.6
(23.7) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		1.2
(34.2) 		6.0
(42.8) 		10.1
(50.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		12.3
(54.1) 		7.5
(45.5) 		3.9
(39.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		3.1
(37.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.4
(18.7) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		3.0
(37.4) 		6.7
(44.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.6
(40.3) 		1.2
(34.2) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		0.1
(32.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−8.7
(16.3) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		0.6
(33.1) 		4.1
(39.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		6.4
(43.5) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−2.4
(27.7)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −19.2
(−2.6) 		−19.4
(−2.9) 		−16.3
(2.7) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−6.3
(20.7) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		−9.8
(14.4) 		−13.7
(7.3) 		−17.6
(0.3) 		−21.9
(−7.4)
Record low °C (°F) −30.2
(−22.4) 		−29.1
(−20.4) 		−27.9
(−18.2) 		−18.1
(−0.6) 		−13.0
(8.6) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−8.2
(17.2) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−24.8
(−12.6) 		−28.0
(−18.4) 		−30.2
(−22.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 105.1
(4.14) 		98.0
(3.86) 		112.7
(4.44) 		127.3
(5.01) 		186.0
(7.32) 		208.0
(8.19) 		248.1
(9.77) 		171.6
(6.76) 		158.5
(6.24) 		123.4
(4.86) 		117.6
(4.63) 		107.5
(4.23) 		1,763.8
(69.44)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 92.7
(36.5) 		130.5
(51.4) 		153.3
(60.4) 		147.9
(58.2) 		67.9
(26.7) 		14.4
(5.7) 		0.7
(0.3) 		1.2
(0.5) 		9.0
(3.5) 		15.1
(5.9) 		27.2
(10.7) 		56.1
(22.1) 		153.3
(60.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 19.83 18.61 20.17 18.27 21.00 20.00 19.57 16.30 15.57 16.83 17.83 19.00 222.97
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) 31 28.3 30.9 30.0 20.6 3.3 0.4 0.4 5.9 13.7 21.3 30.6 216.4
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		77.6 80.5 83.8 84.3 86.8 87.7 86.6 84.5 86.2 80.9 82.0 78.6 83.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 88.9 91.2 117.1 154.1 157.5 153.8 166.5 179.3 130.8 121.3 83.8 80.7 1,524.8
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[30][31][32]

See or edit raw graph data.

Architecture

Main article:
Zakopane Style of Architecture
Museum of Zakopane Style at Villa Koliba - interior

The

Goral people.[34]

The most prominent examples of the style are:

  • Villa Koliba - built in 1892–93 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Villa Oksza - built in 1894–95 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Villa Pod Jedlami - built in 1897 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Chapel in Jaszczurówka - built in 1904–07 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Tatra Museum - built in 1913–24 by Stanisław Witkiewicz
  • Grand Hotel Stamary - built in 1903-05 by Eugeniusz Wesołowski

Other important sights in Zakopane include:

Culture

Since the end of the 19th century Zakopane was an important place for many artists, who frequently visited, worked or lived here, especially during the Young Poland period.

Today the city hosts many museums and galleries:

Sports

The Tatras are a popular destination among hikers, skiers, ski-tourers and climbers.

Mountaineering

The High Tatras offer excellent opportunities for climbing. Świnica, here as seen from Kościelec, is the highest peak within the city limits, at 2,301 m (7,549 ft).

There is a network of well-marked hiking trails in the Tatras and according to the national park regulations the hikers must stick to them. Most of these trails are overcrowded, especially in the summer season.

The

UIAA grade
).

In summer, lightning and snow are both potential hazards for climbers, and the weather can change quickly. Thunderstorms are common in the afternoons. In winter the snow can be up to several meters deep.

Skiing

In the winter, thousands arrive in Zakopane to ski, especially around Christmas and in February. The most popular skiing areas are

cross country skiing
trails in the forests surrounding the town.

Zakopane hosted the

ski jumping world cups; and several Nordic combined, Nordic and Alpine European Cups. It hosted the second Alpine World Ski Championships in 1939, the first outside the Alps and the last official world championships prior to World War II.[36]

Zakopane made unsuccessful bids to host the 2006 Winter Olympics and the 2011 and 2013 Alpine World Ski Championships.

Football

In Zakopane, there are two football clubs – one of them is KS Zakopane, which was established in 2007 as a result of the merger of ZKP Zakopane and Jutrzenka Zakopane. It currently competes in the B-class league, in the Podhale II group. Its matches are played at the facility located at Orkana Street 6.

In the 2015/2016 season, the Football Club Zakopane was reactivated. After a successful 2015/16 season, in which the ZKP players managed to secure a promotion-eligible spot in the Podhale C-class, they are now playing in the Podhale B-class league.

Tourism

Gubałówka Hill funicular
Krupówki Street

Zakopane is visited by over 2,500,000 tourists a year.[citation needed] In the winter, Zakopane's tourists are interested in winter sports activities such as skiing, snowboarding, ski jumping, snowmobiling, sleigh rides, snowshoe walks, and Ice skating.[37] During the summer, Tourists come to do activities like hiking, climbing, bike and horse ride the Tatras mountain, there are many trails in the Tatras.[37] Tourists ride quads and dirt bikes that you can rent. Swimming and boat rides on the Dunajec river are popular.[37] Many come to experience Goral culture, which is rich in its unique styles of food, speech, architecture, music, and costume. Zakopane is especially popular during the winter holidays, which are celebrated in traditional style, with dances, decorated horse-pulled sleighs called kuligs and roast lamb.

A popular tourist activity is taking a stroll along the town's most popular street: Krupówki. It is lined with stores, restaurants, carnival rides, and performers.

During the winter and summer seasons, Krupówki Street is crowded with tourists visiting the shops and restaurants.[37] In the summer, a local market along Krupówki Street offers traditional Goral apparel, leather jackets, fur coats, shoes, and purses.[37] Venders also sell foods like the famous oscypek smoked sheep cheese, fruit, vegetables, and meats. There are also many stands with Zakopane souvenirs.[37]

Zakopane is popular for its nightlife. At night there are always people walking around town checking out the different bars and dance clubs. Most of these bars and dance clubs are located on Krupowki street.[1]

Other activities include also Zakopane's Thermal Baths - a modern aquapark with outside swimming pools with thermal water.

A scene in Andrzej Wajda's film Man of Marble (Człowiek z marmuru) was filmed in Zakopane, introducing the town to a worldwide audience.

The mountain scenes from the

Bollywood film Fanaa
were filmed around Zakopane.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Zakopane participates in

town twinning
to foster international links.

Notable structures

Notable residents

Stanisław Witkiewicz
Karol Szymanowski
Kamil Stoch
See also: Category:People from Zakopane

Sport

Notable visitors

Gallery

  • Aerial view of Zakopane
    Aerial view of Zakopane
  • Zakopane at night
    Zakopane at night
  • Zakopane - view from Gubałówka Hill (Tatra mountains in the background)
    Zakopane - view from
    Tatra mountains
    in the background)
  • Wielka Krokiew ski jumping hill
    Wielka Krokiew ski jumping hill
  • Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill ski run
    Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill
    ski run
  • Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill: a nursery ski run
    Zakopane - Gubałówka Hill: a nursery
    ski run
  • Polana Szymoszkowa ski lift
    Polana Szymoszkowa ski lift
  • Katyń Memorial in Peksów Brzyzek Cemetery
    Katyń
    Memorial in Peksów Brzyzek Cemetery
  • Traditional wooden shrine
    Traditional wooden shrine
  • Traditional oscypek cheese
    Traditional oscypek cheese
  • Zakopane, mountain massif Giewont (1938)
    Zakopane, mountain massif Giewont (1938)
  • Old Church in Zakopane, oil painting by Edward Rydz-Śmigły.
    Old Church in Zakopane, oil painting by Edward Rydz-Śmigły.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b GUS. "Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2017 r." stat.gov.pl. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Gwara góralska". z-ne.pl. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
  3. ^ "Zakopane - What To See in Poland's Winter Capital". Adventurous-Travels.com. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Local history - Information about the town - Zakopane - Virtual Shtetl". www.sztetl.org.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  5. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 58.
  6. ^ "Local history | Virtual Shtetl". sztetl.org.pl. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Zakopane". sztetl.org.pl.
  8. ^ a b c "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121". Muzeum Dulag 121 (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  9. ^ The Children's Home in Zakopane, Poland: Lena Küchler's Children, Yad Vashem website
  10. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
    .
  11. ISSN 1027-5606
    .
  12. ^ "Atlas warunków solarnych - Portal Klimat IMGW-PiB". klimat.imgw.pl. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  13. ^ "Historyczne dane pomiarowe". meteomodel.pl (in Polish). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Historyczne dane pomiarowe". meteomodel.pl (in Polish). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023.
  15. ^ "Średnie i sumy miesięczne". meteomodel.pl (in Polish). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Średnie i sumy miesięczne". meteomodel.pl (in Polish). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023.
  17. ^ "Historyczne dane pomiarowe". meteomodel.pl (in Polish). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  19. ^ a b "Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  21. ^ a b "Miesięczna suma opadu". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  22. ^ a b "Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  23. ^ a b "Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  24. ^ a b "Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  25. ^ a b "Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)". Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020 (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  26. ^ "Zakopane Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  27. ^ "Zakopane Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  28. ^ "Zakopane Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  29. ^ "Zakopane, Poland – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  30. ^ "Zakopane Absolutna temperatura maksymalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  31. ^ "Zakopane Absolutna temperatura minimalna" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  32. ^ "Zakopane Średnia wilgotność" (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  33. ^ "Zakopane Style Museum Zakopane | Poland". Zakopane Life. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  34. ^ "The Tatra Museum - The Museum of the Zakopane Style". Muzeumtatrzanskie.com.pl. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  35. ^ "Seattle Times - Scenic Zakopane". Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  36. ^ "History of Snowsports". www.fis-ski.com. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
  37. ^ a b c d e f altius. "Things to do in Zakopane and Tatra Mountains". www.discoverzakopane.com. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  38. ISBN 978-83-240-4543-3
    , p. 327.
  39. ^ Krystyna Tokarzówna and Stanisław Fita, Bolesław Prus, 1847–1912: Kalendarz życia i twórczości (Bolesław Prus, 1847–1912: A Calendar of His Life and Work), edited by Zygmunt Szweykowski, Warsaw, Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1969, pp. 232, 235, et passim.
  40. ^
    ISBN 1-57113-347-X
    , pp. 458–63.
  41. ^
    ISBN 1-57113-347-X
    , pp. 463–64.
  42. ^ Mateusiak, Tomasz (9 March 2011). "Zakopane: Maria Skłodowska Cure kochała Podhale". zakopane.naszemiasto.pl. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
  43. ^ "Lenin faktycznie trafił do Zakopanego. "Bose baby (...) zupełnie jak w Rosji!"". Onet Kultura (in Polish). 4 February 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  44. OCLC 21950967
    .
  45. ISBN 1-57113-347-X
    , p. 463.
  46. University of Wisconsin, Madison
    , WI 53705, US.
  47. Christine Granville, G.M., O.B.E., Croix de Guerre, with a Foreword by Francis Cammaerts
    , D.S.O., Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, U.S. Medal of Freedom, London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975, p. 24.
  48. ^ "Stanisław Lem odwiedzający Tatry i Zakopane". literackifestiwal.zakopane.eu. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  49. ^ Photo of HRH The Prince of Wales Thursday 13 June 2002, walking "around the lake Morskie Oko during a walk at Tatras National Park on the final stage of his tour of Poland"

Bibliography

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Zakopane.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zakopane.
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