Zamiaceae

Zamiaceae Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Encephalartos lebomboensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnosperms
Division:	Cycadophyta
Class:	Cycadopsida
Order:	Cycadales
Suborder:	Zamiineae
Family:	Zamiaceae Horan.
Genera
See text
Synonyms
Stangeriaceae Schimp. & Schenk

The Zamiaceae are a family of cycads that are superficially palm or fern-like. They are divided into two subfamilies with eight genera and about 150 species in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and North and South America.

The Zamiaceae, sometimes known as zamiads, are

. They have subterranean to tall and erect, usually unbranched, cylindrical stems, and stems clad with persistent leaf bases (in Australian genera).

Their

occur either on both surfaces or undersurface only.

Their roots have small secondary roots. The coralloid roots develop at the base of the stem at or below the soil surface.

Male and female sporophylls are spirally aggregated into determinate cones that grow along the axis. Female sporophylls are simple, appearing peltate, with a barren stipe and an expanded and thickened lamina with 2 (rarely 3 or more) sessile ovules inserted on the inner (axis facing) surface and directed inward. The seeds are angular, with the inner coat hardened and the outer coat fleshy. They are often brightly colored, with 2 cotyledons.

One subfamily, the Encephalartoideae, is characterized by spirally arranged sporophylls (rather than spirally orthostichous), non-articulate leaflets and persistent leaf bases. It is represented in Australia, with two genera and 40 species.

As with all cycads, members of the Zamiaceae are poisonous, producing poisonous glycosides known as cycasins.

The former family Stangeriaceae (which contained Bowenia and Stangeria) has been shown to be nested within Zamiaceae by phylogenetic analysis.^[1]

The family first began to diversify during the Cretaceous period.^[2]

Zamiaceae	Diooideae Dioon Zamioideae Encephalarteae Macrozamia Lepidozamia Encephalartos Zamieae Bowenia Ceratozamia Stangeria Zamia Microcycas

Genera

• Dioon Lindl. (14 species)
• Macrozamia Miq. (42 species)
• Lepidozamia Lehm. (2 species)
• Encephalartos Lehm. (66 species)
• Hook.f.
  (2 extant species)
• Brongn.
  (27 species)
• T.Moore
  (1 species)
• Zamia L.^[3] (76 species)
• Microcycas (Miq.) A.DC. (1 species)
• †Eostangeria Barthel^[4] (3 species, Cenozoic, Europe, North America)
• †Eobowenia (1 species, Early Cretaceous, Argentina)^[5]
• †Wintucycas (2 species, Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, Argentina)^[6]
• †Restrepophyllum (1 species, Early Cretaceous, Argentina)
• †Skyttegaardia (2 species Early Cretaceous, Denmark, Late Cretaceous, United States)^[2]

Gallery

• 

  Dioon edule

• 

  Dioon mejiae

• 

  Encephalartos altensteinii

• 

  Encephalartos lebomboensis

• 

  Lepidozamia peroffskyana

• 

  Macrozamia moorei

• 

  Ceratozamia hildae

• 

  Microcycas calocoma

• 

  Zamia furfuracea

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zamiaceae.

Wikispecies has information related to Zamiaceae.

1. PMID 25884423
   .
2. ^
   ISSN 0028-646X
   .
3. ISBN 978-0-88192-522-7
   .
4. ^ Uzunova, K.; Palamarev, E.; Kvacek, Z. (2002). "Eostangeria ruzinciniana (Zamiaceae) from the Middle Miocene of Bulgaria and its relationship to similar taxa of fossil Eostangeria, and extant Chigua and Stangeria (Cycadales)". Acta Palaeobotanica. 41 (2): 177–194.
5. PMID 28388891
   .
6. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.05.006
   .

• The Cycad Pages: Zamiaceae
• Flora of North America
• New York Botanical Garden: Vascular Plant Type Catalog, some Zamiaceae genera and species.
• "Zamiaceae Horan". Atlas of Living Australia.