Zamora, Spain
Zamora | ||
---|---|---|
Duero river City walls Stone bridge | ||
Postal code 49001–49028 | ||
Dialing code | 980 | |
Climate | BSk | |
Website | Official website |
Zamora (Spanish pronunciation:
Zamora is part of the natural comarca of Tierra del Pan and it is the head of the judicial district of Zamora.
History
The city was founded early in the
After the Roman victory over the Lusitanian hero
Two coins from the reign of the
Following the campaigns of
According to the chronicle of Al-Andalus by
Zamora became the target of Ibn al-Qitt, who unsuccessfully tried to invade the city in 901 with help from Nafzāwa Berbers.[6] It was also attacked several times during the Caliphal era, and Almanzor eventually seized the city in 966.[7] The place returned to Christian control during the reign of Alfonso V of León.[8]
Since the early 11th century, with the repopulation works by Raymond of Burgundy,[8] the place saw planned repopulating efforts.[9] A new perimeter of city walls was also erected in the 11th century.[10] The population intramuros included the nobles and regal officers, the clergy, Frank settlers from Gascogne, Poitou and Provence who had installed in the city during the time of Raymond of Burgundy,[11] settlers of Asturian, Leonese and Galician origin, as well as some Mozarabs.[12] Zamora was granted a fuero in 1208.[13]
The most notable historic episode in Zamora was the assassination outside the city walls of the king
In the late middle ages, Zamora was one of the 17 cities (18 after the inclusion of Granada) that enjoyed a vote at the Cortes of the Crown of Castile, actually speaking on behalf of all of Galicia since the early 15th century (Galicia did not have any city with representation until the 17th century).[14]
Zamora was also the scene of fierce fighting in the 15th century, during the conflict between the supporters of
During the 12th century, the city was extraordinarily important for its strategic position in the wars between the
Henry IV granted Zamora the epithet of "most noble and most loyal city".
The city leaned towards support to the Revolt of the Comuneros in the northern hemisphere Fall of 1520.[15] By September 1520, the corregidor appointed by the Crown was ousted and replaced by an alcalde designated by the community.[16] However, the hopes of the rebels across the Crown of Castile were handed a crushing blow at the Battle of Villalar on 23 April 1521.[17]
In the Early Modern Period, the city lost its political and economic relevance and suffered emigration, especially to South America (where many other cities called Zamora were founded).
According to the Godoy Census, the city had a population of 10,171 in 1797.[18]
During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), the savagery of the repression against leftists and liberals is captured in Ramón Sender Barayón's 'A Death in Zamora', which tells of the extrajudicial murder of his mother, Amparo Barayon, the wife of the famous novelist Ramon Sender.
Geography
Location
Located in the north-west of the
The municipality expands across a total area of 149.28 km2.[20]
Climate
Zamora has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk), with cool winters and hot summers. Precipitation is mainly recorded during two seasons, spring and autumn, with summer characterized by droughts. The highest temperature ever recorded is 41.0 °C (105 °F) on 24 July 1995 while the minimum stood at −13.4 °C (8 °F) on 16 January 1945. Fog is common during winters, frequently decreasing morning temperatures.
Climate data for Zamora (1981–2022) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.9 (66.0) |
23.5 (74.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
39.3 (102.7) |
41.8 (107.2) |
39.2 (102.6) |
38.0 (100.4) |
31.0 (87.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
41.1 (106.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.4 (86.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
18.9 (66.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
5.5 (41.9) |
13.1 (55.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.9 (33.6) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
4.1 (39.4) |
1.8 (35.2) |
7.4 (45.3) |
Record low °C (°F) | −13.4 (7.9) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
5.1 (41.2) |
5.3 (41.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32 (1.3) |
25 (1.0) |
22 (0.9) |
39 (1.5) |
43 (1.7) |
23 (0.9) |
12 (0.5) |
13 (0.5) |
28 (1.1) |
50 (2.0) |
45 (1.8) |
46 (1.8) |
379 (14.9) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 64 |
Average snowy days | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
82 | 73 | 63 | 62 | 58 | 51 | 47 | 50 | 57 | 69 | 78 | 82 | 64 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 97 | 144 | 201 | 224 | 264 | 318 | 354 | 322 | 241 | 175 | 113 | 87 | 2,532 |
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet)[21][22] |
Main sights
Main sights of Zamora include:
- Cathedral, in Romanesque style, dating to the 12th century, taking only 23 years to build.
- Medieval Castle of Zamora.
- Palacio de los Condes de Alba y Aliste, built in 1459 by the first Count of Alva y Aliste. It boasts a patio and staircase decorated with carvings by artists from Lombardy.
- Calle Balborraz.
- Church of San Pedro y San Ildefonso, built from the 11th century, probably over a Visigothic temple. It was reformed in Romanesque style in the 12th–13th centuries, but was much renovated in the 15th and 18th centuries. It has presently a single nave with cross vaults
- Church of Santa María Magdalena. The southern façade is in Romanesque style, dating back to the 13th century.
- Church of San Isidoro (12th century). It has one nave, having a square major chapel. The exterior features two ogival arcades with archivolts.
- Church of San Claudio de Olivares, known from the 12th century. Of small size, it has a single nave with a presbyteryand a semicircular apse. The columns of the nave have carvings.
- Church of San Juan de Puerta Nueva (12th century stained glass circular window, symbol of Zamora).
- Church of Santa María la Nueva (12th century, baptistery dating back to the 13th century).
- Church of Santiago de los Caballeros (11th century), located outside the city walls. El Cid was created knight here.
- Church of Santiago El Burgo (Southern façade, 12th century Romanesque)
- City walls: three walled enclosures dating back to the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.
- Museo de Semana Santa de Zamora: Opposite the Church of Santa María la Nueva, dedicated to Semana Santa de Zamora the processions during which are celebrated with particular ceremony in Zamora. The museum holds a large collection of pasos, the figures which are carried in procession through the streets by various 'cofradías' or brotherhoods. See Holy Week in Zamora
- Museo de Zamora: Local history museum with an archeological collection and chronological displays ranging from prehistoric inhabitants of the region to Roman and modern models.[23]
Surroundings
- Arcenillas church (15th century panels)
- Hiniesta church (Gothic, sculptures and murals)
- The Church of San Pedro de la Nave, (village of El Campillo – 12 km, 7½ miles distant) was founded in the 7th century, rebuilt in the 12th century, and is one of the three best-preserved Visigothic churches in all of Spain. It was moved stone by stone and then re-erected, owing to the construction of a reservoir on its original site.
Transportation
The city is served by the
Food
Food specialties in Zamora include the pulses, the chickpeas or 'garbanzos' from Fuentesauco, the exquisite cheese made from sheep's milk, honey from Sanabria, asparagus from Guareña, peppers from Benavente, steak from Aliste, mushrooms, game, cold meats, cakes and sweets.
Other specialties are the rice dishes from Zamora and the Toro wines (very dark, almost black, nowadays made using modern techniques – with a rapidly growing reputation for their taste and quality). Traditional dishes include bacalao a la tranca (a cod dish), pulpo a la sanabresa (an octopus dish), dos y pingada (two fried eggs with fried ham, usually served at Easter) and presas de ternera (a beef dish). For dessert there is the rebojo Zamorano, a very tasty though hard type of bun, and las natillas almendradas (Spanish style custard with almonds).
Notable locals
- Predilect sons and daughters (honorary citizens)
- Ángel Nieto (1947–2017; posthumous recognition).[26]
Sister cities
- Bragança, Portugal (1984).[27]
- Oviedo, Spain, since 2001.[28]
- Yaritagua, Venezuela.[29]
- Altagracia de Orituco, Venezuela[29]
References
- Citations
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Sadia, José María (25 February 2010). "La historia ya está completa". La Opinión-El Correo de Zamora. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
- ^ a b c Gutiérrez González 1993, p. 22.
- ^ Ferrero Ferrero 1994, p. 132.
- ^ a b Gutiérrez González 1993, p. 23.
- ^ Gutiérrez González 1993, p. 24.
- ^ Gutiérrez González 1993, pp. 24–25.
- ^ a b Gutiérrez González 1993, p. 25.
- ^ Ferrero Ferrero 1994, p. 121.
- ^ Gutiérrez González 1993, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Gutiérrez González 1993, p. 27.
- ^ Gutiérrez González 1993, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Ferrero Ferrero 1994, p. 124.
- ^ Domínguez Ortiz 1961, pp. 176, 179.
- ^ Fernández Álvarez 1983, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Fernández Álvarez 1983, p. 22.
- ^ Fernández Álvarez 1983, p. 23.
- ISBN 978-84-941454-2-1.
- AEMET. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ "Datos del registro de entidades locales". Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital. Retrieved 19 April 2021.
- ^ Historical records of the Zamora weather station (1971–2000) (in Spanish).
- ^ "08130: Zamora (Spain)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 12 July 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ "Museo de Zamora". Junta de Castilla y Leon. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Horarios de Autobuses en la provincia de Zamora". Horario Autobuses. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ López, Juan J. (17 April 2019). "La Santa Merienda más televisiva". El Norte de Castilla.
- Agencia EFE. 24 February 2018.
- ^ "Una fecha clave – Opinión". La Opinión de Zamora. 21 January 2009. Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
- ^ La Nueva España. "La Nueva España – Diario Independiente de Asturias – Oviedo – Oviedo y Zamora se comprometen a "llenar de contenido" su hermanamiento". Lne.es. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Ciudades y pueblos se benefician del hermanamiento con otros territorios". Larazon.es. Archived from the original on 21 December 2009. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
- Bibliography
- Domínguez Ortiz, Antonio (1961). "Concesiones de votos en Cortes a ciudades castellanas" (PDF). Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español. 31: 175–186. ISSN 0304-4319.
- Fernández Álvarez, Manuel (1983). "La Zamora comunera en 1520". Studia Historica. Historia Moderna (1). Salamanca: ISSN 0213-2079.
- Ferrero Ferrero, Ferrán (1994). "Jurisdicción municipal y poder eclesiástico en la Zamora medieval" (PDF). Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie III, Historia Medieval. 7. Madrid: UNED: 121–158.
- Gutiérrez González, José Avelino (1993). "Orígenes y evolución urbana de zamora". Civitas : MC aniversario de la Ciudad de Zamora. pp. 20–33. ISBN 84-87739-40-7.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Ocellodurum". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
External links
- Zamora travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Tourism in Zamora
- Zamora travel guide