Zane Grey
Zane Grey | |
---|---|
Born | Pearl Zane Grey January 31, 1872 Zanesville, Ohio, United States |
Died | October 23, 1939 Altadena, California, United States | (aged 67)
Resting place | Lackawaxen and Union Cemetery, Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania |
Occupation | Novelist, dentist |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania |
Genre | Western fiction |
Notable works | Riders of the Purple Sage (1912) |
Spouse |
Lina Elise Roth (m. 1905) |
Children | 3, including Romer and Loren |
Signature | |
Pearl Zane Grey (January 31, 1872 – October 23, 1939) was an American author and dentist. He is known for his popular adventure novels and stories associated with the Western genre in literature and the arts; he idealized the American frontier. Riders of the Purple Sage (1912) was his best-selling book.
In addition to the success of his printed works, his books have second lives and continuing influence adapted for films and television. His novels and short stories were adapted into 112 films, two television episodes, and a television series, Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre.[1]
Biography
Early life
Pearl Zane Grey was born January 31, 1872, in
Grey grew up in Zanesville, a city founded by his paternal grandfather Benjamin Zane's brother-in-law, John McIntire (husband of Sarah Zane), who had been given the land by Grey's maternal great-grandfather, Ebenezer Zane, an American Revolutionary War patriot.
Both Grey and his brother Romer were active and athletic boys who were enthusiastic baseball players and fishermen.[4] From an early age, he was intrigued by history. Soon, he developed an interest in writing. His early interests contributed to his later writing success.[5] For example, his knowledge of history informed his first three novels, which recounted the heroism of ancestors who fought in the American Revolutionary War.[6]
As a child, Grey frequently engaged in violent brawls, probably related to his father's punishing him with severe beatings. Though irascible and antisocial like his father, Grey was supported by a loving mother and found a father substitute. Muddy Miser was an old man who approved of Grey's love of fishing and writing, and who talked about the advantages of an unconventional life. Despite warnings by Grey's father to steer clear of Miser, the boy spent much time during five formative years in the company of the old man.[7]
Grey was an avid reader of adventure stories such as
Because of the shame he felt as the result of a severe financial setback in 1889 due to a poor investment, Lewis Grey moved his family from Zanesville and started again in Columbus, Ohio.[11] While his father struggled to re-establish his dental practice, Grey made rural house calls and performed basic extractions, which his father had taught him. The younger Grey practiced until the state board intervened. His brother Romer earned money by driving a delivery wagon.[12] Grey also worked as a part-time usher in a theater and played summer baseball for the Columbus Capitols, with aspirations of becoming a major leaguer.[13] Eventually, Grey was spotted by a baseball scout and received offers from many colleges. Romer also attracted scouts' attention and went on to have a professional baseball career.[12]
University of Pennsylvania and baseball
Grey chose the University of Pennsylvania on a baseball scholarship; he studied dentistry, joined Sigma Nu fraternity, and graduated in 1896. When he arrived at Penn, he had to prove himself worthy of a scholarship before receiving it. He rose to the occasion by coming in to pitch against the Riverton club, pitching five scoreless innings and producing a double in the tenth, which contributed to the win.[14] The Ivy League was highly competitive and an excellent training ground for future pro baseball players. Grey was a solid hitter and an excellent pitcher who relied on a sharply dropping curveball. When the distance from the pitcher's mound to the plate was lengthened by five feet to 60 feet 6 inches, in 1894 (primarily to reduce the dominance of Cy Young's pitching), the effectiveness of Grey's pitching suffered. He was re-positioned to the outfield.[15] The short, wiry baseball player remained a campus hero on the strength of his timely hitting.[16]
He was an indifferent scholar, barely achieving a minimum average. Outside class, he spent his time on baseball, swimming, and creative writing, especially poetry.[16] His shy nature and his teetotaling set him apart from other students, and he socialized little. Grey struggled with the idea of becoming a writer or baseball player for his career, but unhappily concluded that dentistry was the practical choice.
During a summer break, while playing "summer nines" in
Grey went on to play
Dentistry
After graduating, Grey established his practice in New York City under the name of Dr. Zane Grey in 1896. It was a competitive area but he wanted to be close to publishers. He began to write in the evening to offset the tedium of his dental practice.[25] He struggled financially and emotionally. Grey was a natural writer but his early efforts were stiff and grammatically weak. Whenever possible, he played baseball with the Orange Athletic Club in New Jersey, a team of former collegiate players that was one of the best amateur teams in the country.[25]
Grey often went camping with his brother R.C. in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania, where they fished in the upper Delaware River. When canoeing in 1900, Grey met seventeen-year-old Lina Roth, better known as "Dolly." Dolly came from a family of physicians and was studying to be a schoolteacher.[26]
Marriage and family
After a passionate and intense courtship marked by frequent quarrels, Grey and Dolly married five years later in 1905. Grey suffered bouts of
During his courtship of Dolly, Grey still saw previous girlfriends and warned her frankly,
But I love to be free. I cannot change my spots. The ordinary man is satisfied with a moderate income, a home, wife, children, and all that. ... But I am a million miles from being that kind of man and no amount of trying will ever do any good ... I shall never lose the spirit of my interest in women.[28]
After they married in 1905, Dolly gave up her teaching career. They moved to a farmhouse at the confluence of the Lackawaxen and Delaware rivers, in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania, where Grey's mother and sister joined them. (This house, now preserved and operated as the Zane Grey Museum, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.) Grey finally ceased his dental practice to work full-time on his nascent literary pursuits. Dolly's inheritance provided an initial financial cushion.[29]
Early writing career
While Dolly managed Grey's career and raised their three children, including son Romer Zane Grey, over the next two decades Grey often spent months away from the family. He fished, wrote, and spent time with his many mistresses. While Dolly knew of his behavior, she seemed to view it as his handicap rather than a choice. Throughout their life together, he highly valued her management of his career and their family, and her solid emotional support. In addition to her considerable editorial skills, she had good business sense and handled all his contract negotiations with publishers, agents, and movie studios. All his income was split fifty-fifty with her; from her "share," she covered all family expenses.[30] Their considerable correspondence shows evidence of his lasting love for her despite his infidelities and personal emotional turmoil.[citation needed]
The Greys moved to California in 1918. In 1920 they settled in Altadena, California, at a home later known as the '"Zane Grey Estate"'. In Altadena Grey also spent time with his mistress Brenda Montenegro. The two met while hiking Eaton Canyon. Of her he wrote,
I saw her flowing raven mane against the rocks of the canyon. I have seen the red skin of the
Navajo, and the olive of the Spaniards, but her ... her skin looked as if her Creator had in that instant molded her just for me. I thought it was an apparition. She seemed to be the embodiment of the West I portray in my books, open and wild.[31]Grey summed up his feelings for the city: "In Altadena, I have found those qualities that make life worth living."[32]
With the help of Dolly's proofreading and copy editing, Grey gradually improved his writing. His first magazine article, "A Day on the Delaware," a human-interest story about a Grey brothers' fishing expedition, was published in the May 1902 issue of Recreation magazine.[33] Elated at selling the article, Grey offered reprints to patients in his waiting room.[34] In writing, Grey found temporary escape from the harshness of his life and his demons. "Realism is death to me. I cannot stand life as it is."[35] By this time, he had given up baseball.[36]
Grey read Owen Wister's great Western novel The Virginian. After studying its style and structure in detail, he decided to write a full-length work.[37] Grey had difficulties in writing his first novel, Betty Zane (1903). When it was rejected by Harper & Brothers, he lapsed into despair.[37] The novel dramatized the heroism of an ancestor, Betty Zane who had saved Fort Henry. He self-published it, perhaps with funds provided by his wife Dolly or his brother R. C.'s wealthy girlfriend Reba Smith.[38] From the beginning, vivid description was the strongest aspect of his writing.[39]
After attending a lecture in New York in 1907 at the
North Rim of the Grand Canyon.[40] He brought along a camera to document his trips and prove his adventures. He also began the habit of taking copious notes, not only of scenery and activities but of dialogue.[41] His first two trips were arduous, but Grey learned much from his companions on these adventures. He gained the confidence to write convincingly about the American West, its characters, and its landscape. Treacherous river crossings, unpredictable beasts, bone-chilling cold, searing heat, parching thirst, bad water, irascible tempers, and heroic cooperation all became real to him. He wrote, "Surely, of all the gifts that have come to me from contact with the West, this one of sheer love of wildness, beauty, color, grandeur, has been the greatest, the most significant for my work."[42]Upon returning home in 1909, Grey wrote a new novel, The Last of the Plainsmen, describing the adventures of Buffalo Jones. Harper's editor Ripley Hitchcock rejected it, the fourth work in a row. He told Grey, "I do not see anything in this to convince me you can write either narrative or fiction."[43] Grey wrote dejectedly,
I don't know which way to turn. I cannot decide what to write next. That which I desire to write does not seem to be what the editors want ... I am full of stories and zeal and fire ... yet I am inhibited by doubt, by fear that my feeling for life is false.[44]
The book was later published by the American magazine, Outing, which provided Grey some satisfaction. Grey next wrote a series of magazine articles and juvenile novels.[45]
With the birth of his first child pending, Grey felt compelled to complete his next novel, The Heritage of the Desert. He wrote it in four months in 1910. It quickly became a bestseller. Grey took his next work to Hitchcock again; this time Harper published his work, a historical romance in which
Old West, and the behavior of men in elemental conditions.[citation needed]Two years later Grey produced his best-known book, Riders of the Purple Sage (1912), his all-time best-seller, and one of the most successful Western novels in history.[46] Hitchcock rejected it, but Grey took his manuscript directly to the vice president of Harper, who accepted it. The novel had a sequel (The Rainbow Trail, in 1915), and was filmed five times (in 1918, 1925, 1931, 1941, and 1996; but in later film versions the villains are corrupt judges or lawyers, not Mormon polygamists).
Later career
Zane Grey had become a household name; thereafter, Harper eagerly received all his manuscripts. Other publishers caught on to the commercial potential of the Western novel. Max Brand and Ernest Haycox were among the most notable of other writers of Westerns.[47] Grey's publishers paired his novels with some of the best illustrators of the time, including N. C. Wyeth, Frank Schoonover, Douglas Duer, W. Herbert Dunton, W. H. D. Koerner, and Charles Russell.[48]
Grey had the time and money to engage in his first and greatest passion: fishing. From 1918 until 1932, he was a regular contributor to Outdoor Life magazine. As one of its first celebrity writers, he began to popularize big-game fishing. Several times he went deep-sea fishing in Florida to relax and to write in solitude.[49] Although he commented that "the sea, from which all life springs, has been equally with the desert my teacher and religion", Grey was unable to write a great sea novel.[50] He felt the sea soothed his moods, reduced his depressions, and gained him the opportunity to harvest deeper thoughts:
The lure of the sea is some strange magic that makes men love what they fear. The solitude of the desert is more intimate than that of the sea. Death on the shifting barren sands seems less insupportable to the imagination than death out on the boundless ocean, in the awful, windy emptiness. Man's bones yearn for dust.[48]
Over the years, Grey spent part of his time traveling and the rest of the year writing novels and articles. Unlike writers who could write every day, Grey would have dry spells and then sudden bursts of energy, in which he could write as much as 100,000 words in a month.[51] He encountered fans in most places. He visited the Rogue River in Oregon in 1919 for a fishing expedition, and fell in love with it. He returned in the 1920s, eventually setting up a cabin on the lower Rogue River. Grey captured the river's essence in two books: Tales of Freshwater Fishing and Rogue River Feud.[52] Other excursions took him to Washington state and Wyoming.[53]
[54] From 1923 to 1930, he spent a few weeks a year at his cabin on the
Dude Fire destroyed the cabin in 1990. It was later reconstructed 25 miles away in the town of Payson.[53]During the 1930s, Grey continued to write, but the Great Depression hurt the publishing industry. His sales fell off, and he found it more difficult to sell serializations. He had avoided making investments that would have been affected by the stock market crash of 1929, and continued to earn royalty income, so he did better than many financially. Nearly half of the film adaptations of his novels were made in the 1930s.[55]
From 1925 to his death in 1939, Grey traveled more and further from his family. He became interested in exploring unspoiled lands, particularly the islands of the South Pacific, New Zealand and Australia. He thought Arizona was beginning to be overrun by tourists and speculators.[56] Near the end of his life, Grey looked into the future and wrote:
The so-called civilization of man and his works shall perish from the earth, while the shifting sands, the red looming walls, the purple sage, and the towering monuments, the vast brooding range show no perceptible change.[57]
Reception by critics
The more books Grey sold, the more the established critics, such as Heywood Broun and Burton Rascoe, attacked him. They claimed his depictions of the West were too fanciful, too violent, and not faithful to the moral realities of the frontier. They thought his characters unrealistic and much larger-than-life. Broun stated that "the substance of any two Zane Grey books could be written upon the back of a postage stamp."[58]
T. K. Whipple praised a typical Grey novel as a modern version of the ancient Beowulf saga, "a battle of passions with one another and with the will, a struggle of love and hate, or remorse and revenge, of blood, lust, honor, friendship, anger, grief—all of a grand scale and all incalculable and mysterious." However, he also criticized Grey's writing: "His style, for example, has the stiffness which comes from an imperfect mastery of the medium. It lacks fluency and facility."[59]
Grey based his work in his own varied first-hand experience, supported by careful note-taking, and considerable research.[60] Despite his great popular success and fortune, Grey read the reviews and sometimes became paralyzed by negative emotions after critical ones.[61]
In 1923, a reviewer said Grey's "moral ideas ... [were] decidedly askew." Grey reacted with a 20-page treatise, "My Answer to the Critics." He defended his intentions to produce great literature in the setting of the Old West.[62] He suggested that critics should ask his readers what they think of his books, and noted actor and fan John Barrymore as an example. Dolly warned him against publishing the treatise, and he retreated from a public confrontation.[citation needed]
His novel The Vanishing American (1925), first serialized in
missionaries. This viewpoint enraged religious groups. Grey contended, "I have studied the Navaho Indians for 12 years. I know their wrongs. The missionaries sent out there are almost everyone mean, vicious, weak, immoral, useless men."[63] To have the book published, Grey agreed to some structural changes. With this book, Grey completed the most productive period of his writing career, having laid out most major themes, character types, and settings.[64]His Wanderer of the Wasteland is a thinly disguised autobiography.
game fishing area. Several of his later writings (e.g., Rangle River) were based in Australia.[citation needed]Fishing
Grey co-founded the "Porpoise Club" with his friend, Robert H. Davis of
Seabright, New Jersey, on September 21, 1912, where they harpooned and reeled in a bottlenose dolphin.[66][67]Grey's son
Henry Morrison Flagler. Zane Grey was its president from 1917 to 1920. He pioneered the fishing of Boohoo fish (sailfish). Zane Grey Creek was named for him.[68]Grey indulged his interest in fishing with visits to Australia and New Zealand. He first visited New Zealand in 1926 and caught several large fish of great variety, including a
mako shark, a ferocious fighter that presented a new challenge. Grey established a base at Otehei Bay, Urupukapuka Island in the Bay of Islands, which became a destination for the rich and famous. He wrote many articles in international sporting magazines highlighting the uniqueness of New Zealand fishing, which has produced heavy-tackle world records for the major billfish, striped marlin, black marlin, blue marlin and broadbill. A lodge and camp were established at Otehei Bay in 1927 called the Zane Grey Sporting Club. He held numerous world records during this time[69]and invented the teaser, a hookless bait that is still used today to attract fish. Grey made three additional fishing trips to New Zealand. The second was January to April 1927, the third December 1928 to March 1929, and the last from December 1932 to February 1933.Grey fished out of
Wedgeport, Nova Scotia, for many summers.Grey also helped establish deep-sea sport fishing in New South Wales, Australia, particularly in Bermagui, which is famous for marlin fishing. Patron of the Bermagui Sport Fishing Association for 1936 and 1937, Grey set a number of world records,[70][71][72] and wrote of his experiences in his book An American Angler in Australia.[73][74]
From 1928 on, Grey was a frequent visitor to Tahiti. He fished the surrounding waters several months at a time and maintained a permanent fishing camp at Vairao. He claimed that these were the most difficult waters he had ever fished, but from these waters he also took some of his most important records, such as the first marlin over 1,000 pounds (450 kg).[citation needed]
Grey had built a getaway home in
Santa Catalina Island, California, which still serves as the Zane Grey Pueblo Hotel.[75] He served as president of Catalina's exclusive fishing club, the Tuna Club of Avalon.[76]Death
Zane Grey died of heart failure on October 23, 1939, aged 67 at his home in Altadena, California. He was interred at the Lackawaxen and Union Cemetery, Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania.[77]
Legacy
Literary works
Grey became one of the first millionaire authors.
Zane Grey was a major force in shaping the myths of the Old West; his books and stories were adapted into other media, such as film and TV productions. He was the author of more than 90 books, some published posthumously or based on serials originally published in magazines. His total book sales exceed 40 million.[78]
Grey wrote not only Westerns, but two hunting books, six children's books, three baseball books, and eight fishing books.[79] Many of them became bestsellers. It is estimated that he wrote more than nine million words in his career.[80] From 1917 to 1926, Grey was in the top ten best-seller list nine times, which required sales of more than 100,000 copies each time.[81] Even after his death, Harper had a stockpile of his manuscripts and continued to publish a new title each year until 1963.[82] During the 1940s and afterward, as Grey's books were reprinted as paperbacks, his sales exploded.[citation needed]
Erle Stanley Gardner, prolific author of mystery novels and the Perry Mason series, said of Grey:
[He] had the knack of tying his characters into the land, and the land into the story. There were other Western writers who had fast and furious action, but Zane Grey was the one who could make the action not only convincing but inevitable, and somehow you got the impression that the bigness of the country generated a bigness of character.[83]
Grey was President Dwight D. Eisenhower's favorite writer.[84]
Books published after his death
A 1950 newspaper article stated that Romer Zane Grey and his mother had completed work on Cahuenga Pass, one of Zane Grey's unfinished novels, and that a film treatment would be prepared.[85] In 1953 columnist Hedda Hopper reported that a proposed film project, Thirty Thousand on the Hoof, was based on one of the six unfinished Grey novels that had been completed by his wife.[86]
Hollywood and other media
Grey started his association with
Bronco Billy Anderson becoming the first major western star.[88] Legendary director John Ford was then a young stage hand and Tom Mix, who had been a real cowhand, was defining the persona of the film cowboy.[89] The Grey family moved to California to be closer to the film industry and to enable Grey to fish in the Pacific.[citation needed]After his first two books were adapted to the screen, Grey formed his own
Jesse Lasky who was a partner of the founder of Paramount Pictures. Paramount made a number of movies based on Grey's writings and hired him as advisor.[90] Many of his films were shot at locations described in his books.[citation needed]In 1936 Grey appeared as himself in a feature film shot in Australia,
White Death (1936). At the same time he provided a story that was filmed as Rangle River(1936).Grey became disenchanted by the commercial exploitation and copyright infringement of his works. He felt his stories and characters were diluted by being adapted to film.[91] Nearly 50 of his novels were converted into more than 100 Western movies.[92] Shortly after Grey's death, the success of Fritz Lang's Western Union (1941), a film based on one of his books, helped bring about a resurgence in Hollywood westerns. Its costars were Randolph Scott and Robert Young. The period of the 1940s and 1950s included the great works of John Ford, who successfully used the settings of Grey's novels in Arizona and Utah.[93]
The success of Grey's
George Trendle (WXYZ, Detroit). Later these were adapted again for television, forming the series The Lone Ranger and Challenge of the Yukon (Sgt. Preston of the Yukon on TV). More of Grey's work was featured in adapted form on the Zane Grey Show, which ran on the Mutual Broadcasting System for five months in the 1940s, and the "Zane Grey Western Theatre," which had a five-year run of 145 episodes.[92]Many famous actors got their start in films based on Zane Grey books. They included Gary Cooper, Randolph Scott, William Powell, Wallace Beery, Richard Arlen, Buster Crabbe, Shirley Temple, and Fay Wray. Victor Fleming, later director of Gone with the Wind, and Henry Hathaway, who later directed True Grit, both learned their craft on Grey films.[citation needed]
Honors and awards
- The
Zane Grey Museum, a part of the Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational Riverarea.- Zanesville, Ohio, has a museum named in his honor, the National Road-Zane Grey Museum.
- Zane Grey Terrace, a small residential street in the hillsides of Altadena, is named in his honor.
- The Zane Grey Tourist Park in Bermagui, Australia.
- "Zane Greys'" a headland at the western end of Matapaua Bay, New Zealand.
- The Zane Grey Continuation School is located adjacent to
Reseda High School in Reseda, Los Angeles, California.[citation needed]- Zane Grey room is located at the Sigma Nu – Beta Rho house in honor of where Zane Grey lived for part of his time at the University of Pennsylvania.
- Wilder Ranch State Park near Santa Cruz, California named the Zane Grey Trail after the author. Grey briefly worked as a ranch hand at Wilder Ranch.
- Zane Grey Roadless Area (58,000 acres), along the Rogue River, is managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Oregon, USA.[94]
- In 1977, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.[95]
Works
Works published posthumously after 1939 include original novels, sequels to earlier novels, and compilations and revisions of previously published novels. All western works were translated from English into Spanish by Editorial Juventud in 1959 for the CLASICOS Y MODERNOS collection.
Books
Year Title Genre Publisher Links Notes 1903 Betty Zane Historical Charles Francis Press IA Republished in 1974 as The Last Ranger 1906 The Spirit of the Border Historical A. L. Burt Company Sequel to Betty Zane 1908 The Last of the Plainsmen Western Outing Publishing Inspired by Charles "Buffalo" Jones 1909 The Last Trail Historical A. L. Burt Company Sequel to The Spirit of the Border The Short Stop Baseball A. C. McClurg 1910 The Heritage of the Desert Western Harper & Brothers The Young Forester Western Harper & Brothers 1911 The Young Pitcher Baseball Harper & Brothers The Young Lion Hunter Western Harper & Brothers 1912 Riders of the Purple Sage Western Harper & Brothers IA PG LibriVox Ken Ward in the Jungle Western Harper & Brothers 1913 Desert Gold Western Harper & Brothers 1914 The Light of Western Stars Western Harper & Brothers The Rangers of the Lone Star Western Harper & Brothers The Lone Star Ranger Western Harper & Brothers1915 The Rainbow Trail Western Harper & Brothers Sequel to Riders of the Purple Sage 1916 The Border Legion Western Harper & Brothers 1917 Wildfire Western Harper & Brothers 1918 The Roaring U.P. TrailWestern Harper & Brothers 1919 The Desert of Wheat Western Harper & Brothers Tales of Fishes Fishing Harper & Brothers 1920 The Man of the Forest Western Grosset & Dunlap The Redheaded Outfield and other Baseball Stories Baseball Harper & Brothers 1921 The Mysterious Rider Western Harper & Brothers IA LibriVox To the Last ManWestern Harper & Brothers 1922 The Day of the Beast Fiction Harper & Brothers Tales of Lonely Trails Adventure Harper & Brothers 1923 Wanderer of the Wasteland Western Harper & Brothers Tappan's Burro Western Harper & Brothers 1924 The Call of the Canyon Western Harper & Brothers Roping Lions in the Grand Canyon Adventure Harper & Brothers Tales of Southern Rivers Fishing Harper & Brothers 1925 The Thundering Herd Western Harper & Brothers The Vanishing American Western Harper & Brothers Captives of the Desert Western Harper & Brothers Tales of Fishing Virgin Seas Fishing Harper & Brothers 1926 Under the Tonto Rim Western Harper & Brothers Tales of the Angler's Eldorado, New Zealand Fishing Harper & Brothers 1927 Forlorn River Western Harper & Brothers Tales of Swordfish and Tuna Fishing Harper & Brothers 1928 NevadaWestern Harper & Brothers Sequel to Forlorn River Wild Horse Mesa Western Harper & Brothers Don, the Story of a Lion Dog Western Harper & Brothers Avalanche Western Harper & Brothers Tales of Fresh Water Fishing Fishing Harper & Brothers 1929 Fighting Caravans Western Harper & Brothers Stairs of Sand Western Harper & Brothers Sequel to Wanderer of the Wasteland 1930 The Wolf Tracker Western Harper & Brothers The Shepherd of Guadaloupe Western Harper & Brothers 1931 Sunset Pass Western Harper & Brothers Tales of Tahitian Waters Fishing Harper & Brothers Book of Camps and Trails Adventure Harper & Brothers Partial re-print of Tales of Lonely Trails 1932 Arizona Ames Western Harper & Brothers Robbers' Roost Western Harper & Brothers 1933 The Drift Fence Western Harper & Brothers The Hash Knife Outfit Western Harper & Brothers Sequel to The Drift Fence 1934 The Code of the West Western Harper & Brothers 1935 Thunder Mountain Western Harper & Brothers The Trail Driver Western Whitman Publishing 1936 The Lost Wagon Train Western Harper & Brothers 1937 West of the Pecos Western Whitman Publishing An American Angler in Australia Fishing Whitman Publishing 1938 Raiders of Spanish Peaks Western Whitman Publishing 1939 Western Union Western Harper & Brothers Knights of the Range Western Harper & Brothers 1940 Thirty Thousand on the Hoof Western Harper & Brothers Republished as Woman of the Frontier Twin Sombreros Western Harper & Brothers Sequel to Knights of the Range 1942 Majesty's Rancho Western Harper & Brothers Sequel to Light of Western Stars 1943 Omnibus Western Harper & Brothers 1944 The Wilderness Trek Western Harper & Brothers 1946 Shadow on the Trail Western Harper & Brothers 1947 Valley of Wild Horses Western Harper & Brothers 1948 Rogue River Feud Fishing / Western Harper & Brothers 1949 The Deer Stalker Western Harper & Brothers 1950 The Maverick Queen Western Harper & Brothers 1951 The Dude Ranger Western Harper & Brothers 1952 Captives of the Desert Western Harper & Brothers Adventures in Fishing Fishing Harper & Brothers 1953 Wyoming Western Harper & Brothers 1954 Lost Pueblo Western Harper & Brothers 1955 Black Mesa Western Harper & Brothers 1956 Stranger from the Tonto Western Harper & Brothers 1957 The Fugitive Trail Western Harper & Brothers 1958 Arizona Clan Western Harper & Brothers 1959 Horse Heaven Hill Western Harper & Brothers 1960 The Ranger and Other Stories Western Harper & Row 1961 Blue Feather and Other Stories Western Harper & Row 1963 Boulder Dam Historical HarperCollins 1974 The Adventures of Finspot Fishing D-J Books 1975 Zane Grey's Greatest Indian Stories Western Dorchester Publishing Includes original ending to The Vanishing American (1925) 1975 The Buffalo Hunter Western Gunsmoke IA Compilation of Grey stories 1977 The Reef Girl Fishing Harper & Row 1978 Tales from a Fisherman's Log Fishing Hodder & Stoughton 1979 The Camp Robber and Other Stories Western Walter J. Black 1981 The Lord of Lackawaxen Creek Adventure Lime Rock Press 1982 Angler's Eldorado: Zane Grey in New Zealand Fishing Walter J. Black, Reed NZ Partial reprint of 1926 edition (first 10 chapters, plus additional content) 1982 Lost in the Never Never Australian Novella Ian Henry Publishers And Silvermane in same volume 1994 George Washington, Frontiersman Historical University of Pennsylvania Press and Forge Books 1996 Last of the Duanes Western Gunsmoke Westerns Unabridged version of The Lone Star Ranger (1915) 2003 The Desert Crucible Western Leisure Books Unabridged version of The Rainbow Trail (1915) 2004 Tonto Basin Western Leisure Books Unabridged version of To the Last Man(1921)2007 Shower of Gold Western Leisure Books Unabridged version of Desert Gold (1915) 2008 The Great Trek "Western" set in Australia Five Star Unabridged version of The Wilderness Trek (1944) 2009 Tales of the Gladiator Fishing ZG Collections Diary entries from Grey on Gladiator; 1920s, California fishing 2016 Tales of Florida Fishes Fishing Zane Grey's West Society Compilation of Grey stories Films
Between 1911 and 1996, 112 films were adapted from Grey's novels and stories. In addition, three television series included episodes adapted from his work, including Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre (1956–58).[1]
- Fighting Blood (1911 short) (Watch) novel
- Graft (1915) story
- The Border Legion (1918) novel
- Riders of the Purple Sage (1918) novel
- The Rainbow Trail (1918) story
- The Light of the Western Stars (1918) novel
- The Lone Star Ranger (1919) novel
- The Last of the Duanes (1919) story
- Desert Gold (1919)
- Riders of the Dawn (1920) novel The Desert of Wheat
- Days of Daring (1920 short) [96] novel In the Days of Thundering Herd
- The U.P. Trail (1920) novel
Man of the Forest(1921) novel- The Mysterious Rider (1921) novel
- The Last Trail (1921) novel
- When Romance Rides (1922) novel Wildfire
- Golden Dreams (1922) [97] story
- To the Last Man (1923) novel
- The Lone Star Ranger (1923) novel
- The Call of the Canyon (1923) story
Heritage of the Desert(1924) novel- Wanderer of the Wasteland (1924) novel
- The Border Legion (1924) novel
- The Last of the Duanes (1924) story
- The Thundering Herd (1925) novel
- Riders of the Purple Sage (1925) (Watch) novel
- Code of the West (1925) novel
- The Rainbow Trail (1925) story
- The Light of Western Stars (1925) novel
- Wild Horse Mesa (1925) novel
- The Vanishing American (1925) novel
- Desert Gold (1926) novel
- Born to the West (1926) story
- Forlorn River (1926) novel
- Man of the Forest (1926) novel
- The Last Trail (1927) novel
- The Mysterious Rider (1927) novel
- Drums of the Desert (1927) novel Captives of the Desert
- Lightning (1927) story
- Nevada (1927) novel
- Open Range (1927) novel Valley of Wild Horses
- Under the Tonto Rim (1928) novel
- The Vanishing Pioneer (1928) novel Golden Dreams
- The Water Hole (1928) story
- Avalanche (1928) novel
- Sunset Pass (1929) novel
- Stairs of Sand (1929) novel
- The Lone Star Ranger (1930) novel
- The Light of Western Stars (1930) novel
- The Border Legion (1930) novel
- The Last of the Duanes (1930) novel
- El último de los Vargas (1930) [98] novel
- Fighting Caravans (1931) novel Wagon Wheels
- Riders of the Purple Sage (1931) novel
The Rainbow Trail(1932) story- Heritage of the Desert (1932) story
- The Golden West (1932) story
- Wild Horse Mesa
- End of the Trail (1932) story
- Robbers' Roost (1932) novel
- The Woman Accused (1933) story Liberty Magazine along with 7 other authors
- Smoke Lightning (1933) novel Canyon Walls
- The Thundering Herd (1933) story
- Under the Tonto Rim (1933) novel The Bee Hunter
- Sunset Pass (1933) novel
- Life in the Raw (1933) novel
- The Last Trail (1933) novel
- Man of the Forest (1933) novel
- To the Last Man (1933) story
- The Last Round-Up (1934) novel The Border Legion
- Wagon Wheels (1934) novel Fighting Caravans
- The Dude Ranger (1934) story
- West of the Pecos (1934) novel
- Home on the Range (1935) novel Code of the West
- Rocky Mountain Mystery (1935) novel Golden Dreams
- Wanderer of the Wasteland (1935) novel
- Thunder Mountain (1935) novel
- Nevada (1935) novel
- Drift Fence (1936) novel
- Desert Gold (1936) novel
- The Arizona Raiders (1936) novel Raiders of Spanish Peaks
- King of the Royal Mounted (1936) story
- End of the Trail (1936) novel Outlaws of Palouse
- Arizona Mahoney (1936) novel Stairs of Sand
- Rangle River (1936) novel
- Forlorn River (1937) novel
- Roll Along, Cowboy (1937) novel The Dude Ranger
- Thunder Trail (1937) story "Arizona Ames"
- Born to the West (1937) novel
- The Mysterious Rider (1938) characters
- Heritage of the Desert (1939) novel
- The Light of Western Stars (1940) novel
- Knights of the Range (1940) story
- The Border Legion (1940) novel
- Western Union (1941) novel
- Last of the Duanes (1941) story
- Riders of the Purple Sage (1941) novel
- Lone Star Ranger (1942) novel
- Nevada (1944) novel
- Wanderer of the Wasteland (1945) novel
- West of the Pecos (1945) novel
- Sunset Pass (1946) novel
- Code of the West (1947) novel
- Thunder Mountain (1947) novel
- Gunfighters (1947) novel Twin Sombreros
- Under the Tonto Rim (1947) novel
- Wild Horse Mesa
- Red Canyon (1949) novel Wildfire
- Robbers' Roost (1955) story
- The Vanishing American (1955) novel
- Chevron Hall of Stars (1956, TV) story "The Lone Hand"
- Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (1956 TV) story "A Tale of Wells Fargo"
- The Maverick Queen (1956) novel
- Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre (1956–58 TV) stories for 6 episodes
- Riders of the Purple Sage (1996, TV film) novel
See also
References
- ^ a b Hulse 2007, pp. vii–x.
- ^ May 1997, p. 5.
- ^ May 1997, p. 3.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 17.
- ^ Gruber 1969, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 13.
- ^ May 1997, p. 2.
- ^ May 1997, p. 6.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 13.
- ^ May 1997, p. 7.
- ^ May 1997, p. 8.
- ^ a b Gruber 1969, p. 26.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 22.
- ^ May 1997, p. 11.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 34.
- ^ a b May 1997, p. 16.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 35.
- ^ "Zane Grey Minor League Statistics". Baseball Reference. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ "Reddy Grey Statistics". Baseball Reference. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
- ^ "Findlay Statistics and Roster on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
- ^ "1895 Findlay Roster on StatsCrew.com". www.statscrew.com.
- ^ "1895 Findlay Sluggers Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ "1895 Interstate League". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ "Zane Grey Minor Leagues Statistics & History". Baseball-Reference.com.
- ^ a b Gruber 1969, p. 35.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 38.
- ^ May 1997, pp. 22–22.
- ^ Pauly 2005, pp. 53, 57.
- ^ Gruber 1969, pp. 49–50.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 224.
- ^ Wilson, Larry (December 2, 2010). "Christmas in Altadena where characters are real". The Sun. San Bernardino County Sun. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 184.
- ^ May 1997, p. 23.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 44.
- ^ May 1997, p. 22.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 42.
- ^ a b May 1997, p. 34.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 47.
- ^ May 1997, p. 39.
- ^ May 1997, p. 48.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 167.
- ^ a b May 1997, p. 52.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 77.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 89.
ISBN 978-0-252-07492-9.- ^ Gruber 1969, pp. 1, 105.
- ^ Gruber 1969, pp. 108, 110.
- ^ a b May 1997, p. 83.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 117.
- ^ May 1997, p. 120.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 214.
- ^ Norcross, Geoff. "How Zane Grey Put The Rogue River On The Map". www.opb.org. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
- ^ a b Gruber 1969, p. 218.
- ^ "Adlib Internet Server 5 | Details". Acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 311.
- ^ May 1997, p. 149.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 278.
- ^ May 1997, p. 157.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 258.
- ^ Gruber 1969, pp. 166–67.
- ^ May 1997, p. 133.
- ^ May 1997, p. 134.
- ^ May 1997, p. 138.
- ^ May 1997, p. 143.
- ^ May 1997, p. 118.
- ^ George Reiger, ed., The Best of Zane Grey, Outdoorsman: Hunting and Fishing Tales (Stackpole Books, 1992)
- ^ Pauly 2007, p. 149.
- ^ Long Key, Keys History website
- ^ "Zane Grey's West Society -". www.zgws.org.
- ^ "Zane Grey's West Society -". www.zgws.org. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
- ^ "IGFA | Zane Grey". www.igfa.org. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
- ^ TheWatermansJournal.com. "The Waterman's Journal – Global Sportfishing News, Reports, and More ..." thewatermansjournal.com. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
- ^ Hirst, Warwick. "Heroic Quest: American author and fisherman Zane Grey was a celebrity visitor to the NSW south coast in the 1930s" (PDF). SL Magazine. Spring 2020. State Library of NSW: 52–53.
- ^ Grey, Zane (1937). "An American angler in Australia". State Library of NSW catalogue. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
- ^ "Zane Grey Pueblo Hotel". Zane Grey Pueblo Hotel. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
The Los Angeles Times, December 9, 2003- ^ Grey, Zane (April 8, 2014). "Delphi Collected Works of Zane Grey (Illustrated)". Delphi Classics – via Google Books.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 143.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 2.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 3.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 1.
- ^ May 1997, p. 151.
- ^ Gruber 1969, p. 213.
ISBN 978-1-84545-721-1.- ^ "13 Oct 1950, 42 - Los Angeles Mirror at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
- ^ "7 Apr 1953, Page 37 - The Pittsburgh Press at Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com.
- ^ May 1997, p. 103.
- ^ May 1997, p. 105.
- ^ May 1997, p. 106.
- ^ May 1997, pp. 108–109.
- ^ May 1997, p. 110.
- ^ a b Gruber 1969, p. 4.
- ^ Pauly 2005, p. 312.
- ^ Tribune, George Sexton for the Mail. "Lower Rogue Canyon is awash in spring flowers". mailtribune.com.
- ^ "Hall of Great Westerners". National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- ^ "Days of Daring". May 30, 1920 – via IMDb.
- ^ "Golden Dreams". June 4, 1922 – via IMDb.
- ^ "El último de los Vargas". October 3, 1930 – via IMDb.
Bibliography
- Gruber, Frank (1969). Zane Grey: A Biography. Mattituck, New York: Amereon Ltd.
ISBN 978-0-89190-756-5.- Hulse, Ed (2007). Filming the West of Zane Grey. Lone Pine: Museum of Lone Pine Film History.
ISBN 978-1-880756-09-6.- May, Stephen J. (1997). Zane Grey: Romancing The West. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press.
ISBN 978-0-8214-1181-0.- Pauly, Thomas H. (2005). Zane Grey: His Life, His Adventures, His Women. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
ISBN 978-0-252-07492-9.Further reading
- Berryman, Jack W. (2006). Fly-Fishing Pioneers & Legends of the Northwest. Seattle: Northwest Fly Fishing.
ISBN 978-0-9779454-0-5.- Bold, Christine (1987). Selling the Wild West: Popular Western Fiction, 1860–1960. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
ISBN 978-0-253-35151-7.- Farley, G. M. (1985). Zane Grey: A Documented Portrait. New Orleans: Portals Press.
ISBN 978-0-916620-78-3.- Gay, Carol (1979). Zane Grey: Story Teller. Columbus: The State Library of Ohio.
- Grey, Loren (1985). Zane Grey: A Photographic Odyssey. Dallas: Taylor Publishing.
ISBN 978-0-87833-462-9.- Jackson, Carlton (1973). Zane Grey. New York: Twayne Publishing.
ISBN 978-0-8057-0338-2.- Kant, Candace C. (1984). Zane Grey's Arizona. Northland Publishing.
ISBN 978-0-87358-354-1.- Kant, Candace C. (2008). Dolly And Zane Grey: Letters from a Marriage. Reno: University of Nevada Press.
ISBN 978-0-87417-749-7.- Ronald, Ann (1975). Zane Grey. Boise, Idaho: Boise State University.
ISBN 978-0-88430-016-8.- Schneider, Norris F. (1967). Zane Grey: The Man Whose Books Made the West Famous. Zanesville, Ohio: Self Published.
- Tompkins, Jane (1992). West of Everything: The Inner Life of Westerns. New York: Oxford University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-507305-8.External links
Sources
- Works by Zane Grey in eBook form at Standard Ebooks
- Works by Zane Grey at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Zane Grey at Internet Archive
- Works by Zane Grey at Faded Page (Canada)
- Works by Zane Grey at Freeread
- Works by Zane Grey at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Archival materials
- Zane Grey papers, MSS 8316 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
- Joe Wheeler collection on Zane Grey, MSS 7641 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
- Guide to Zane Grey's papers at the University of Oregon
- Zane Grey photography collection at the University of Oregon
- Finding aid author: Elizabeth West (2014). "Zane Grey papers bulk 1910–1970". Prepared for the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Provo, UT.
- Finding aid author: John N. Gillespie (2013). "Zane Grey "Silvermane" manuscript". Prepared for the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Provo, UT.
- Finding aid author: Elizabeth Barrus (2014). "Claire Wilhelm collection on Zane Grey". Prepared for the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Provo, UT.
- Zane Grey Collection. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke RareBook and Manuscript Library.
- Grey, Zane. "Zane Grey letter to his wife from Bermagui, 31 January [1936], with photographs MLMSS 10398". State Library of NSW.
- Zane Grey papers are archived at the American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming.
Other
- "Heroic Quest: American author and fisherman Zane Grey was a celebrity visitor to the NSW south coast in the 1930s" (PDF). SL Magazine pp52-53 (Spring 2020). State Library of NSW.
- Western American Literature Journal: Zane Grey
- Zane Grey's West Society
- Zane Grey Cabin
- Zane Grey Museum in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania
- National Road/Zane Grey Museum Archived February 11, 2021, at the Wayback Machine Norwich, Ohio
- King of the Royal Mounted BLBs and Comics
- Zane Grey biography at Ohio History Central
- Zane Grey at
IMDb- Zane Grey at Find a Grave
- Zane Grey Incorporated
- "Zane Grey on a ship in New Zealand (1920s photo)". National Library. 2022.