Zealots

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Zealots (Judea)
)
"Zealot" and "Zealous" redirect here. For other uses, see Zealot (disambiguation) and Zeal (disambiguation).
Zealots
קנאים‎
Leader
Founded6 CE
Dissolved73 CE
Headquarters
Ideology
ReligionSecond Temple Judaism

The Zealots were a

Judea Province to rebel against the Roman Empire and expel it from the Holy Land by force of arms, most notably during the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70). Zealotry was the term used by Josephus
for a "fourth sect" or "fourth Jewish philosophy" during this period.

Etymology

The term zealot, the common translation of the Hebrew kanai (קנאי‎, frequently used in plural form, קנאים‎, kana'im), means one who is zealous on behalf of God. The term derives from Greek ζηλωτής (zelotes), "emulator, zealous admirer or follower".[1][2]

History

Statue of Simon the Zealot by Hermann Schievelbein at the roof of the Helsinki Cathedral.

tetrarchy of Herod Archelaus to be a Roman province
. According to Josephus, they "agree in all other things with the Pharisaic notions; but they have an inviolable attachment to liberty, and say that God is to be their only Ruler and Lord." (18.1.6)

According to the

Jewish Encyclopedia article on Zealots:[4]

Judah of Gaulanitis is regarded as the founder of the Zealots, who are identified as the proponents of the Fourth Philosophy. In the original sources, however, no such identification is anywhere clearly made, and the question is hardly raised of the relationship between the Sicarii, the upholders of the Fourth Philosophy, and the Zealots. Josephus himself in his general survey of the various groups of freedom fighters (War 7:268–70) enumerates the Sicarii first, whereas he mentions the Zealots last.

Others have also argued that the group was not so clearly marked out (before the first war of 66–70/3) as some have thought.[5]

Cananaean in Mark and Matthew (Matthew 10, Matthew 10:4, Mark 3,Mark 3:18
)

Two of Judas of Galilee's sons, Jacob and Simon, were involved in a revolt and were executed by

procurator of Iudaea province from 46 to 48.[8]

The Zealots took a leading role in the

destruction of Jerusalem.[citation needed
]

In the Talmud

In the

rabbinical Judaism.[10][11]

Sicarii

Main article: Sicarii

The Sicarii were a splinter group of the Jewish Zealots who, in the decades preceding

Judea and attempted to expel them and their sympathizers from the area.[12] The Sicarii carried sicae, or small daggers, concealed in their cloaks.[13]
At public gatherings, they pulled out these daggers to attack Romans and alleged Roman sympathizers alike, blending into the crowd after the deed to escape detection.

According to historian Hayim Hillel Ben-Sasson, the Sicarii, originally based in Galilee, "were fighting for a social revolution, while the Jerusalem Zealots placed less stress on the social aspect" and the Sicarii "never attached themselves to one particular family and never proclaimed any of their leaders king". Both groups objected to the way the priestly families were running the Temple.[8]

Paul the Apostle

While most

Unvarnished New Testament
(1991) renders Galatians 1:14 as "being an absolute zealot for the traditions". These translations may not be inaccurate, but it is disputed by those who claim it gives the wrong association with the "Zealots".

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Zealot, Online Etymology Dictionary
  2. ^ Zelotes, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus
  3. ^ "Josephus, Antiquities Book XVIII". earlyjewishwritings.com.
  4. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., vol. 21, p. 472
  5. Richard Horsley's "Bandits, Prophets, and Messiahs" and Tom Wright
    's "The New Testament and the People of God"
  6. ^ Luke 6:15
  7. ^ Acts 1:13
  8. ^
    ISBN 0-674-39731-2
    , p. 275
  9. ISBN 978-9004021389
    .
  10. ^ Solomon Schechter, Wilhelm Bacher. "Johanan B. Zakkai". Jewish Encyclopedia.
  11. ^ Bavli Gittin 56b
  12. ISBN 978-0375726132
    .
  13. ^ Paul Christian Who were the Sicarii?, Meridian Magazine, June 7, 2004
  14. ^ Fairchild, M. R., "Paul's Pre-Christian Zealot Associations: A Re-examination of Gal. 1:14 and Acts 22:3". New Testament Studies 45(4), pp. 514–532

External links

Look up zealot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up zealotry in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up Zealot in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Zealots.
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