Zile

Coordinates: 40°18′N 35°53′E / 40.300°N 35.883°E / 40.300; 35.883
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Zelitis
)
For other uses, see Zile (disambiguation) and Zela (disambiguation).
Zile
Municipality
Zile City Center at night
Zile City Center at night
Zile is located in Turkey
Zile
Zile
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 40°18′N 35°53′E / 40.300°N 35.883°E / 40.300; 35.883
CountryTurkey
ProvinceTokat
DistrictZile
Government
 • MayorŞükrü Sargın (CHP)
Elevation
710 m (2,330 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
33,557
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
60400
Area code0356
Websitewww.zile.bel.tr

Zile, anciently known as Zela (

Battle of Zela, which prompted the phrase "Veni, vidi, vici."[3] Today the city is a center for agricultural marketing and tourism
.

History

Historically, Zile has been known as Zela (

Lucius Cornelius Sulla. The castle contains the Amanos temple, and is called silla, meaning "respected". In Semra Meral's Her Yönüyle Zile, she claims that the name "Zile" came from "Zela", stemming from "Silla".[4]

Ancient City

According to recent

Darius I of Persia divided the largest Anatolian state of that time, Cappadocia, into two, with Zela remaining in Pontus
Cappadocia, the northern region.

Classical Era

A view from the 2000-year-old historical castle column piece in Zile where Julius Caesar said "Veni, vidi, vici"

After roughly 200 years of Persian rule,

Pompeius Magnus and the suicide of Mithridates in 63 BC. In Pompey's settlement of Pontus, Zela received a civic constitution and a sizable territory thus transforming from its previous status as a temple domain to a city.[8]

In 49 BC, civil war broke out between Julius Caesar and Pompey. While the Romans were distracted by this,

Veni Vidi Vici", meaning "I came, I saw, I conquered".[3] Caesar's words were written on a cylindrical marble column and placed in the city castle.[10]

According to Strabo, Zela had the temple of Anaïtis (Greek: ἱερὸν τῆς Ἀναΐτιδος), who was also revered by the Armenians.[11]

Middle Ages

In 241, the

suffragan
of Amasya in the former Roman province of Helenopontus (see below).

Zela was conquered by

Sultan Bayezid I
, integrating Zile into their empire.

Modern History

During the course of the

Republic of Turkey
.

Ecclesiastical history

Zela, in the

Patriarchate of Constantinople
. The following Suffragan Bishops of Zela are historically documented :

Titular see

The diocese was nominally restored no later than the 18th century as Latin

Titular bishopric
of Zela (Latin = Curiate Italian) / Zeliten(us)

It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents:

Demographics

Further information: Demographics of Turkey
Entrance of Zile Castle
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
198537,097—    
199046,090+4.44%
199741,390−1.52%
200736,154−1.34%
201234,442−0.97%
201733,668−0.45%
202233,557−0.07%
Source: 1985 census,[12] 1990 census,[13] 1997 census[14] and TÜIK (2007-2022)[1]

Attractions

There are several columns in the center of the castle, but some researchers claim that the actual column with Caesar's famous words was stolen, and the thieves have not been found yet.

Persians, Greeks, Romans and Turks in Zile. Among these, Zile castle, the Roman theatre, Ulu Camii and Çifte Hamam are the most famous. Kaya Mezarı, Kusyuva, Çay Pınarı, Imam Melikiddin Tomb, Seyh Musa Fakih Tomb, Elbaşı Mosque, Mast Tumulus
, Namlı Hisar Kale, Anzavur Caves, Hacı Boz Bridge, Koç Taşı and Manastry in Kuruçay are also popular.

The remains of the Roman theatre are visible to the east of the citadel hill, together with some rock tombs. Two Ottoman baths, the Yeni Hamam and the Çifte Hamam, date from the 16th and 17th century and the Hasan Aga Madrasah was built in 1497. The Boyaci Hasan Aga Mosque with its stalactiform prayer niche dates from 1479 and the Seyh Musa Fakih Tomb is also very old with 1106 or 1305 given as possible construction dates.

Mast Tumulus, an ancient site located in Zile, is of special importance since it hosts the palace of a Hittitite ruler, earthenware utensils and

Hittite hieroglyphics.[15]

Geography

Zile covers an area of 1,512 square kilometres (584 sq mi) within its

goats and the use of wood for heating purposes.[16] However, there is a recent study to plan reforestation in the area.[citation needed
]

The city's water supply is provided by the Çekerek River, flowing from Zile to Çekerek and the Büyükaköz dam which was constructed on the Çatak river.[17] The Süreyyabey Dam and hydroelectric plant is under construction and will provide electricity and water for irrigation in the area.[17]

Climate

Zile's weather is influenced by the narrow coast land of the

Central Anatolia inland plateau to the south, with its low rainfall and cold winters. Summers are hot and dry, while the winters are snowy and cold. The weather is hot throughout the months of June to September, as the average summer maximum is 28 °C (83 °F
), and the average minimum is 13 °C (56 °F), and is cold throughout the months of December to February as the average winter maximum is 7 °C (45 °F), and the average minimum is as low as -3 °C (27 °F). Northerly winds are responsible for humid climate from April to June. It is usually rainy during the months of April, May, June, November and December.

Climate data for Zile (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.2
(55.8) 		18.7
(65.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		26.9
(80.4) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.2
(81.0) 		21.4
(70.5) 		13.4
(56.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		19.0
(66.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		2.7
(36.9) 		7.0
(44.6) 		11.8
(53.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		19.7
(67.5) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.8
(73.0) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.9
(57.0) 		6.9
(44.4) 		2.8
(37.0) 		12.3
(54.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		1.9
(35.4) 		5.8
(42.4) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.6
(60.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		7.9
(46.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		6.6
(43.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.42
(1.71) 		34.19
(1.35) 		49.46
(1.95) 		49.27
(1.94) 		61.55
(2.42) 		44.52
(1.75) 		8.78
(0.35) 		6.64
(0.26) 		17.0
(0.67) 		33.09
(1.30) 		40.46
(1.59) 		44.5
(1.75) 		432.88
(17.04)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.3 6.4 8.3 8.4 9.0 6.2 2.6 2.2 3.1 5.1 5.8 7.3 71.7
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		77.4 72.1 66.0 63.3 65.0 64.1 59.9 60.0 61.5 67.9 74.3 79.1 67.5
Source: NOAA[18]

Economy

Historically, coal was mined in Zile.[19]

Agriculture, trade, and livestock are the main economic activities of Zile. Zile is a center of cereal production such that she is one of the biggest exporters of

Black Sea region. Zile is famous for its grapes, leblebi, cherry, and fruit gardens. The annual Cherry Festival is very famous in Tokat, Sivas and Yozgat. People of Zile don't use their grapes to produce wine, but pekmez
- a syrup-like liquid mixed from different kinds of fruit-juices.

The students of Zile Dinçerler School of Tourism and Hotel Management of

Gaziosmanpasha University play an important role in city's economic activities. The industry of Zile is developing rapidly. Since 1996, there has been a major movement from agriculture to industry. Anatolian Tigers constructed 55 factories whose major products include textiles, sugar beet, furniture, tomato sauce, leblebi, marble and shoes.[20]

The municipality and the European Union have had a joint project to increase the tourism potential of Zile and to transform the city into a tourism destination. The project is funded by the EU and includes advertisements as well as education of local people about tourism.[21][22]

Education

Kuşyuva

The city boasts 100%

student-teacher ratio.[23]
There are 126 primary and secondary schools with 14,373 students and 540 teachers. Zile Dinçerler Lisesi, Dinçerler 75th Year Anatolian High School and Anadolu Öğretmen Lisesi provide high school education in Zile. There are also four professional high schools providing technical education. Gaziosmanpasa University's Zile Dinçerler School of Tourism and Hotel Management is also located in Zile. By the end of 2008, with the donations of Serafettin and Cemalettin Dincer, schooling will gain totally new educational premises including a modern and luxurious hotel building which will be also used for practical education by students.

Media and social life

In Zile, theatres and concerts are conducted at a movie theatre whose capacity is 850 people. Along with

national TV channels
and radios, there is one local TV channel and two radio stations that keep Zile people up to date on current events. Zile has three local daily newspapers (Özhaber, Zile Postası, Gündem) and daily newspapers sell around 4000 copies per day.

Gallery

  • Zile 2004 1866
    Zile 2004 1866
  • Zile 2004 1863
    Zile 2004 1863
  • Zile 2004 1854
    Zile 2004 1854
  • Zile 153
    Zile 153
  • Zile 2004 1858
    Zile 2004 1858
  • Zile 2004 1869
    Zile 2004 1869
  • Zile 2004 1878
    Zile 2004 1878
  • Zile 2004 1868
    Zile 2004 1868
  • Zile 2004 1847
    Zile 2004 1847
  • Zile 2004 1845
    Zile 2004 1845
  • Zile 158
    Zile 158
  • Zile 027
    Zile 027
  • Zile 157
    Zile 157
  • Zile 155
    Zile 155
  • Zile 030
    Zile 030
  • Zile 023
    Zile 023
  • Zile 025
    Zile 025

Transportation

Zile is linked by highways with the cities of Tokat and Amasya and is near the Sivas-Samsun railway.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters". TÜIK. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  2. ^ İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d Wikisource:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Zela
  4. ^ Meral, Semra (1990). Her yönüyle Zile. Zile: Sanem Press. OCLC: 23573866.
  5. ^ Özgüç, Tahsin (1978). Excavations at Maşat Höyük and investigations in its vicinity. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. OCLC: 5752663.
  6. ^ Texier, Charles (1862). Asie mineure. Paris: Didot Freres. OCLC: 6646889.
  7. ^ Smith, William (1851). A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography. New York: New York, Harper & Brothers. OCLC: 2775910.
  8. ^ Richard Stillwell; William L. MacDonald; Marian Holland McAllister. "The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites". The Princeton Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  9. ^ a b "Zile". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  10. ^
    NTVMSNBC (2004). "Zile'de 'Geldim - Gördüm - Yendim'"
    . NTV Turkey. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
  11. ^ STRABO, GEOGRAPHY, Book XII, Chapter 3, 37
  12. ^ "1985 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1986. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2021.
  13. ^ "1990 General Census" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1991. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021.
  14. ^ "1997 Population Count" (PDF) (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. 1999. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2022.
  15. Gaziosmanpasha University. "TOKAT"
    . Gaziosmanpasha University. Retrieved 2007-05-03.
  16. ^ a b "Zile Belediyesi". Zile Municipality. 2006-07-05. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  17. ^ a b "Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü<". Devlet Su İşleri. 2006-07-05. Retrieved 2007-04-30.
  18. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Zile". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  19. ^ Prothero, W.G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 75.
  20. ^ "Zile Belediyesi". Zile Municipality. 2006-07-05. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  21. ^ "AB Hibe Destek Projesi". EU Project. 2006-07-05. Archived from the original on 2007-02-27. Retrieved 2007-03-07.
  22. ^ "Zile turizmine AB'den hibe kredi". 2006-07-17. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  23. ^ "Zile Belediyesi". Zile Municipality. 2006-07-05. Retrieved 2007-03-07.

Sources and external links

Wikisource has the text of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia article Zela.
Bibliography- ecclesiastical history
  • Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 442
  • Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, vol. I, coll. 541-542
  • Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 6, p. 450
Further reading
  • Braund, D., T. Sinclair, D. Braund, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies (22 August 2021). "Places: 857382 (Zela)". Pleiades. Retrieved March 8, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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