Zhangzhou

Coordinates: 24°30′47″N 117°38′49″E / 24.513°N 117.647°E / 24.513; 117.647
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Zhengzhou.
Zhangzhou
漳州市
Cinnamomum camphora
City flowersNarcissus tazetta
Websitezhangzhou.gov.cn
Zhangzhou
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhāngzhōu
Bopomofoㄓㄤ   ㄓㄡ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhJangjou
Wade–GilesChang¹-chou¹
IPA[ʈʂáŋ.ʈʂóʊ]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJChiang-chiu

Zhangzhou (/ˈdʒæŋˈdʒoʊ/) is a prefecture-level city in Fujian Province, China. The prefecture around the city proper comprises the southeast corner of the province, facing the Taiwan Strait and (with Quanzhou) surrounding the prefecture of Xiamen.

Name

Zhangzhou is the

Wade-Giles. Other romanizations include Chang-chow.[4]

It also appears as Chang-chu,

anglicized as Chinchew. By the 19th century, however, this name had migrated and was used to refer to Quanzhou, a separate port about 65 miles (105 km) east-northeast of central Zhangzhou.[7]

Geography

Zhangzhou proper lies on the banks of the Jiulong River in southern Fujian about 35 miles (56 km) from central Xiamen,[4] whose urban core has grown to form a single urbanized area with it. The prefecture of Zhangzhou comprises the southeastern corner of the province, surrounding Xiamen. The prefecture of Quanzhou lies to its northeast, Longyan to its northwest, and Shantou in Guangdong to its southwest.

Climate

Zhangzhou has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with mild to warm winters and long, very hot and humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 13.2 °C (55.8 °F) in January to 28.8 °C (83.8 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 21.3 °C (70.3 °F). The frost-free period lasts 330 days.

Climate data for Zhangzhou (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.8
(83.8) 		30.3
(86.5) 		33.7
(92.7) 		35.1
(95.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		37.6
(99.7) 		38.6
(101.5) 		38.1
(100.6) 		37.1
(98.8) 		34.6
(94.3) 		35.2
(95.4) 		29.1
(84.4) 		38.6
(101.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.7
(65.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		21.7
(71.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		29.2
(84.6) 		31.9
(89.4) 		34.3
(93.7) 		33.9
(93.0) 		32.2
(90.0) 		29.0
(84.2) 		25.3
(77.5) 		20.8
(69.4) 		26.9
(80.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.1
(57.4) 		14.7
(58.5) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.2
(70.2) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.6
(81.7) 		29.4
(84.9) 		28.9
(84.0) 		27.6
(81.7) 		24.3
(75.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		16.0
(60.8) 		22.2
(71.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8) 		11.8
(53.2) 		13.9
(57.0) 		18.0
(64.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		24.7
(76.5) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.3
(75.7) 		20.8
(69.4) 		17.0
(62.6) 		12.6
(54.7) 		19.0
(66.1)
Record low °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		1.3
(34.3) 		3.0
(37.4) 		7.3
(45.1) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.0
(62.6) 		21.0
(69.8) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.8
(62.2) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.8
(40.6) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		−0.1
(31.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 46.3
(1.82) 		70.8
(2.79) 		106.9
(4.21) 		128.3
(5.05) 		199.2
(7.84) 		270.1
(10.63) 		198.5
(7.81) 		263.8
(10.39) 		175.5
(6.91) 		56.0
(2.20) 		42.0
(1.65) 		46.8
(1.84) 		1,604.2
(63.14)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.6 10.1 13.5 13.1 15.8 18.0 11.8 14.9 10.7 4.4 5.2 6.3 131.4
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		72 75 76 76 78 80 75 77 73 67 69 69 74
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.4 101.5 102.9 118.3 131.4 147.3 219.6 195.6 178.9 182.0 156.9 146.8 1,811.6
Percent possible sunshine 39 32 28 31 32 36 53 49 49 51 48 45 41
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9]
Source 2: Weather China[10]

History

According to Odoric of Pordenone, Zhangzhou was a prosperous city twice the size of Bologna.[11]

During the early

factory in the city.[7]

During the late

city wall had a circumference of about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) but included a good deal of open ground and farmland. Its streets were paved with granite but badly maintained. The 800-foot (240 m) bridge across the Jiulong River consisted of wooden planks laid between 25 piles of stones at roughly equal intervals.[4] The port of Xiamen in an island at the mouth of the Jiulong principally functioned as a trading center for the produce and wares of Zhangzhou and its hinterland;[5] both suffered economically when Indian tea plantations cratered demand for Fujianese tea in the late 19th century.[12]

The old city of Zhangzhou (now

Xiangcheng District) was occupied in April and May 1932 by a column of Communist guerrillas under Mao Zedong. Due to the presence of Western gunboats in Xiamen Bay, arms shipments from the Soviet Union were unable to get up the Jiulong River to Mao's forces and the main Communist bases. Discovering this, Mao retreated from the city, according to some accounts with a substantial amount of loot taken from its residents.[13]

Administrative divisions

Zhangzhou comprises 4

counties
.

  1. Xiangcheng District
    (芗城区)
  2. Longwen District
    (龙文区)
  3. Longhai District
    (龙海区)
  4. Changtai District
    (长泰区)
  5. Dongshan County (东山县)
  6. Hua'an County (华安县)
  7. Nanjing County (南靖县)
  8. Pinghe County (平和县)
  9. Yunxiao County
    (云霄县)
  10. Zhangpu County (漳浦县)
  11. Zhao'an County (诏安县)
Map

Demographics

During the

Changtai
, form a single metropolitan area of about 7,284,148 people.

Main article:
Zhangzhou dialect

The main language of the Zhangzhou Hokkiens is the

Mandarin.[citation needed
]

Hakka is also spoken in the rural peasant area of Zhangzhou in the west and south.

Economy

Babao seal paste was invented by the druggist Wei Changan as a traditional medicine in 1673. It was repurposed for artistic use a few years later and gained imperial favor under the Qianlong Emperor. It remains prized for its bright color and pleasant smell.

A major petrochemical plant, producing

paraxylene, owned by Taiwan-based Xianglu Group is located in Zhangzhou's Gulei Peninsula. The plant suffered major fires in 2013 and 2015.[14]

Transportation

Two passenger stations serve Zhangzhou:

  • Yingtan–Xiamen Railway
    , northeast of the city;
  • Longyan–Xiamen Railway
    , opened in 2012, south of the city.

Education

Notable residents

  • sinicize
    Fujian and northern Guangdong.
  • Khaw Soo Cheang (1786–1882), merchant and governor of a Thai province.
  • Lim Gu Tong (1895–1976), international author, cultural ambassador and inventor.
  • Fang Zhouzi (1967), science writer.

Sister city

Zhangzhou is twinned with the following regions, cities and towns:[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "China: Fújiàn (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ISBN 978-7-5037-9510-7. Archived from the original
    on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
  3. ^ "Zhangzhou". Collins English Dictionary.
  4. ^ a b c Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Chang-chow" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 391
  5. ^ a b Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), "Amoy" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 1 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 748.
  6. ^ Pitcher, Philip Wilson (1893). Fifty Years in Amoy or A History of the Amoy Mission, China. New York: Reformed Church in America. p. 33.
  7. ^ a b Yule, Henry (1878), "Chinchew" , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 673
  8. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  9. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  10. ^ 漳州 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  11. ^ Yule, Henry (2002). The Travels of Friar Odoric. p. 123.
  12. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Amoy" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 1 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 878.
  13. ^ Zhang Rong; et al. (2005), Mao: The Unknown Story, p. 117.
  14. ^ "A contentious chemical plant in China has exploded for the second time in two years". Quartz. 2015-04-07. Archived from the original on 2022-08-20.
  15. ^ "福建省与国外友城关系一览表" (in Simplified Chinese). 福建省人民政府外事办公室. Archived from the original on 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2009-09-07.
  16. ^ "南苏门答腊省概况" (in Chinese). Retrieved 17 December 2020.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zhangzhou.
Look up Zhangzhou, Chang-chou, or Chiangchew in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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