Zhengyangmen
Qianmen (
Möllendorff:tob šun-i duka, lit. 'Gate of the Zenith Sun'), a gate in Beijing's historic city wall. The gate is situated to the south of Tiananmen Square
and once guarded the southern entry into the Inner City. Although much of Beijing's city walls were demolished, Zhengyangmen remains an important geographical marker of the city. The city's central north–south axis passes through Zhengyangmen's main gate. It was formerly named Lizhengmen (simplified Chinese: 丽正门; traditional Chinese: 麗正門; pinyin: Lìzhèngmén; lit. 'beautiful portal').
History
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Zhengyangmen was first built in 1419 during the
Dongxiang Muslim Kansu Braves under Ma Fulu engaged in fierce fighting during the Battle of Beijing at Zhengyangmen against the Eight-Nation Alliance.[1][2] Ma Fulu and 100 of his fellow Hui and Dongxiang soldiers from his home village died in that battle. Ma Fulu's cousins, Ma Fugui (馬福貴) and Ma Fuquan (馬福全), and his nephews, Ma Yaotu (馬耀圖) and Ma Zhaotu (馬兆圖), were killed in action during the battle.[3] The Qing Empire later violated the Boxer Protocol by having a tower constructed at the gate.[4]
The gate complex was extensively reconstructed in 1914. The barbican side gates were torn down in 1915.[citation needed]
After the
Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the Zhengyangmen gatehouse was occupied by the Beijing garrison of the People's Liberation Army. The military vacated the gatehouse in 1980, which has now become a tourist attraction. At 42 metres high, the Zhengyangmen gatehouse was, and remains, the tallest of all gates in Beijing's city wall. Zhengyangmen gatehouse survived the demolition of city walls in the late 1960s during the construction of the Beijing Subway, while other gates such as Deshengmen in the north and Dongbianmen in the southeast only have their archery towers standing. Xibianmen retains only part of its barbican while Yongdingmen's gatehouse was rebuilt in 2007.[citation needed
]
Today, Qianmen Avenue (Dajie) cuts between the Zhengyangmen gatehouse and the archery tower to the south.
Qianmen Station
is also located between the two structures inside the space once surrounded by the barbican.
Qianmen remains one of the enduring symbols of old Beijing.[citation needed]
-
Gatehouse -
Gatehouse -
View from Tiananmen Square with the gatehouse (left) and archery tower (right) further south -
Archery tower viewed from the west -
Archery tower viewed from the north
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Geographical Significance
The Zhengyangmen is situated on the central north–south axis of Beijing. The main gateway of the gatehouse is aligned with
Drum and Bell Towers and the entrance to the Olympic Green
in the far north.
The kilometre zero point for highways in China is located just outside the Zhengyangmen Gate. It is marked with a plaque in the ground, with the four cardinal points, four animals, and "Zero Point of Highways, China" in English and Chinese.
Surrounding area
The area near Qianmen includes several areas of historical significance. The avenue which proceeds south from the Qianmen is known as "Qianmen Street", and has been a commercial centre for several centuries, although it now mainly caters to tourists from other parts of China. Since a redevelopment in the 2000s by property developer
Qianshi hutong
.
Transportation
Line 2 and Line 8 has a stop at Qianmen. Beijing bus routes
8, 17, 48, 66, 67, 69, 71, 82, 93, 126, 623, BRT1 (快速公交1), Tourist route 2 (观光2), Special 4 (特4), and Special 7 (特7) have a terminal at Qianmen.
References
- ^ "马福祥--"戎马书生" - 新华网甘肃频道". Archived from the original on September 18, 2011. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ^ "缅怀中国近代史上的回族将领马福祥将军戎马一生". Archived from the original on 15 November 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ISBN 978-1-136-80933-0.
- ^ "In the hunting-park, three miles to the south of Peking, is quartered the Sixth Division, which supplies the Guards for the Imperial Palace, consisting of a battalion of infantry and a squadron of cavalry. With this Division Yuan Shi Kai retains twenty-six modified Krupp guns, which are the best of his artillery arm, and excel any guns possessed by the foreign legations in Peking.[citation needed]
The Manchu Division moved with the Court, and became the pride of the modernized elements in the Chinese army.[citation needed]
By his strategic disposition Yuan Shi Kai completely controls all the approaches to the capital, and holds a force which he may utilize either to protect the Court from threatened attack or to crush the Emperor should he himself desire to assume Imperial power. Contrary to treaty stipulations made at the settlement of the Boxer trouble, the Chinese have been permitted to build a great tower over the Chien Men [Zhengyangmen], or central southern gate, which commands the foreign legations and governs the Forbidden City. In the threatening condition of Chinese affairs it might be assumed that this structure had been undermined by the foreign community, but this has not been done, and if trouble again arise in Peking the fate of the legations will depend upon the success of the first assault which will be necessary to take it. The foreign legations are as much in the power of Yuan Shi Kai's troops in 1907 as they were at the mercy of the Chinese rabble in 1900.
The ultimate purpose of the equipped and disciplined troops is locked in the breast of the OL 29968M. Retrieved 10 Dec 2014.
- ^ "北京前门商业冷清 店铺频唱空城计，襄阳房产热线，2013年8月24日". Retrieved 11 June 2019.[permanent dead link]
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zhengyangmen.
- Story about Qianmen hutong from The World program, July 8, 2008