Zhu Shugui

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Zhu Shugui
朱術桂
Prince of Ningjing
Tenure1646–1683
Born(1617-10-24)24 October 1617
Died21 July 1683(1683-07-21) (aged 65)
Burial
Ningjing Prince's Tomb
SpouseConsort Luo
Names
Zhu Shugui (朱術桂)
HouseZhu (Prince of Liao's line)
DynastyMing
FatherZhu Xianhuan, Prince of Changyang
Prince of Ningjing bedroom, now part of the Grand Matsu Temple in Tainan.

Zhu Shugui

Lujhu Township
. Inside the temple is written Zhu's death poem.

Early career

Zhu Shugui was styled the General Who Assists the State (輔國將軍) while living in Jingzhou. He was later granted the title Prince of Changyang during the Regency of the Prince of Lu near the end of the Ming dynasty. In 1642, after the rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong captured Jingzhou, he followed Zhu Changrun, Prince of Hui, to Nanjing. In 1644, the Chongzhen Emperor, the last emperor of the Ming dynasty, committed suicide in Beijing, and China fell into chaos. But Zhu Shugui, living in Nanjing under the auspices of the Prince of Fu, continued to support the legitimacy of the Ming dynasty.

Support of anti-Qing forces

By 1647, the

Fujian Province
. As a representative of the Ming royal house, he was used by Koxinga as a rallying point to regroup the anti-Qing forces.

Relocation to Taiwan

Koxinga died in 1663, whereupon his son

Lujhu District, Kaohsiung
) for farming.

Zheng Jing died in 1681, and his son Zheng Keshuang took his place.

Final days

In 1683 the Qing general

Chinese lunar calendar (July 20 in the Gregorian calendar), Zhu Shugui, seeing no hope for the restoration of his dynasty, decided to lay down his life for his country. He summoned his concubines and said: "I live abroad with disfavor and strife, longing to spend the hereafter with my royal forefathers in the underworld. Now all is lost, and the day of my death is set. You are young and should make your own plans." The five concubines, who had been by his side since the death of his wife Lady Luo, wept, saying to him: "As the Prince can keep his integrity thus, so would we rather give our lives willingly. If the Prince lives, we all live; if the Prince dies, we all die. We ask that you first grant us a measure of silken cord, that we may follow you in death." Then, one after the other, they hanged themselves in the central hall. The next day, Zhu interred his concubines, in coffins, at Kuidoushan (Cassia Bud Hill), a hillside outside the south gate of the city (the current location of the Temple of the Five Concubines
).

Before his death, Zhu wrote on the wall: "When brigands took Jingzhou in 1642, I brought my household southward; in 1644, I took refuge in Fujian. For the sake of the hairs on my head and to preserve the integrity of my humble body, I have lingered abroad for more than 40 years; now I am 66 years old. In this time of adversity I shall die a whole man. I shall not forsake my emperors; I shall not forsake my parents. My life and work are done, without disgrace or shame." The next day, he donned the crown and dragon robes, fastened a jade belt, and received the Imperial seal. The Prince sent a letter under seal to Zheng Keshuang, who then led his officials to the Prince, lamenting their separation. The Prince made obeisance to heaven, earth and ancestors. The people, young and old, paid their respects, and the Prince paid his respects in return. Then on the back of an inkstone he inscribed his death poem, which read: "I take refuge abroad from calamity, all for the sake of a few strands of hair. Now all is done; I shall no longer be in exile." Two of his attendants also died by his side.

The other Ming princes on Taiwan such as Zhu Hónghuán, son of Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu, chose not to commit suicide and surrendered, and their lives were spared by the Qing and they were instead sent into exile into various places on mainland China.[4]

After the surrender of the Kingdom of Tungning, the Qing sent 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives.[5]

Burial

Zhu Shugui was 66 years old (by Chinese reckoning; 65 by Western standards) at the time of his suicide. Moved by loyalty, the townsfolk interred him together with his primary wife Lady Luo in what is now Hunei Township. At the time there was no marking on the tomb, and over 100 decoy tombs were built to confound the Qing army’s searches.

The tomb, located in

Kaohsiung City
, was discovered in 1937. At the time of discovery the casket was empty, and the artifacts in the tomb fell into the hands of the Japanese. Although the tomb was empty, the villagers built a square concrete wall around the tomb site to demarcate it. After World War II, the residents of Zhuhu and Hunei funded the tomb's rebuilding, and the decoy tombs were dismantled and assembled into a large tomb. The tomb site you can see today is a reconstruction done by the Kaohsiung County (now part of Kaohsiung City) government in 1977, and in 1988 it was designated a third class historic site.

Profile

He was a ninth-generation descendant of

Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), the founder of the Ming dynasty, via the line of Zhu Yuanzhang's 15th son, Zhu Zhi, Prince of Liao. Zhu Zhi was the son of Zhu Yuanzhang and one of his Korean concubines, Consort Han (韓妃).[6] Zhu Zhi's heirs used the generation names "Gui, Hao, En, Chong, Zhi, Yun, Reng, Qi, Bao, He, Xian, Shu, Yan, Zun, Ru, Cai, Han, Li, Long, Yu".[7]

History records Zhu Shugui as being stately in appearance, handsomely whiskered and grand of voice, an outstanding calligrapher, fond of wearing a sword, a man of great actions but few words, brave but not arrogant, and respected by generals and foot-soldiers alike. Before his death, Zhu burned the contract he had with tenant farmers, bequeathing all of the farmland in Lujhu Township to them. It was after this act that he calmly ended his life, hanging himself from a roof beam.

Nowadays there is a temple dedicated to the Prince in Lujhu Township. Inside the temple is written Zhu's death poem.

References

朱術桂與五妃 (Zhu Shugui and the Five Concubines)

Temple of the Five Noble Ladies

Shrine of the Five Noble Ladies

Zhu Shu Gui, 朱術桂 King Ning Jing, 南明宁靖王