Zibo
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Zibo
淄博市 Tsibo | ||
---|---|---|
Postal Code 255100 | ||
Area code | 0533 | |
ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-03 | |
License Plate Prefix | 鲁C | |
Website | www |
Zibo | ||
---|---|---|
Tâi-lô | Tshî-phok |
Zibo (
Zibo spans 5,938 square kilometres (2,293 sq mi). As of the 2010 cenus, Zibo's population was 4.53 million, of which 4.41 million lived in the metro area comprising five urban districts—
The Zibo area was the centre of the ancient
Manufacturing holds an important place of the city's economy, particularly ceramics manufacturing. Other key industries include the petrochemical industry, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, construction materials, machinery and textiles. New industries and high-technology industries, such new materials, fine chemicals, electronics, IT, and biopharmaceutics are also developing rapidly.
According to the 2007-08 Global City Competitiveness Report released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Zibo was among the top 20 cities in the world in terms of fast economic growth between 2001 and 2005.[2] According to the Oriental Outlook Magazine, Zibo ranks No. 1 on the list of cities that have reasonable real estate prices in China, also ranking No. 2 on the list of cities with good public security in China in 2008.[3] In 2009, the city received the award of "Best 10 Harmonious Cities that enjoy Sustainable Development in China".[4]
History
The remains of three major Neolithic cultures in ancient China, Beixin culture, Dawenkou culture, and Longshan culture have been found in Zibo. Ancient Linzi, located in present-day Zibo, was the capital of the ancient State of Qi, a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods, over 2,000 years ago. In 7th century BC, Duke Huan of Qi, ruler of Qi, appointed Guan Zhong, thinker and economist, as his prime minister, and adopted Guan's thoughts and policies to administer his country, develop the economy and develop relations with other states. The measures greatly strengthened the country, making its capital one of the most prosperous in ancient China. Zibo is rich in cultural and historical sites, and is referred to as the "Underground Museum". In Linzi, the ruins of the ancient Qi city, as well as other famous cultural relics and historic sites, have been discovered and unearthed. The ancient city of Qi was one of the first places in China that was assigned to be a "cultural relics site" and protected.
Zibo made significant contributions to the formation and prosperity of the Silk Road. Zibo was one of the biggest suppliers of silk products. Zhoucun, one of the townships in Zibo, was considered one of the four 'dry ports' alongside Foshan, Jingdezhen, and Zhuxian.[citation needed] The major trade streets such as 'Dajie', 'Sishijie', 'Yinzijie' are well preserved to this date.
In 2004,
Zibo City was established in 1954. The name came from a combination of the prefecture's two major urban areas, Zichuan and Boshan.
Administrative divisions
The
Map | Subdivision | Chinese | Pinyin |
---|---|---|---|
Zichuan District
|
淄川区 | Zīchuān Qū | |
Zhangdian District
|
张店区 | Zhāngdiàn Qū | |
Boshan District
|
博山区 | Bóshān Qū | |
Linzi District
|
临淄区 | Línzī Qū | |
Zhoucun District
|
周村区 | Zhōucūn Qū | |
Huantai County | 桓台县 | Huántái Xiàn | |
Gaoqing County | 高青县 | Gāoqīng Xiàn | |
Yiyuan County | 沂源县 | Yíyuán Xiàn |
Geography
Zibo is located near the center of Shandong Province, neighboring
Climate
Zibo is located in a warm, temperate zone, and bears a semi-humid and semi-dry continental climate.[6] Like other cities in the province, Zibo has four distinct seasons. January and July are, respectively, the coldest and hottest months during the year. Zibo enjoys a growing season of 180 to 220 days and the average annual hours of sunshine are 2542.6 to 2832.6. The annual average precipitation of Zibo is 25.2 inches (640.5 mm).[7]
Climate data for Zibo (2009–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 20.7 (69.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
35.0 (95.0) |
38.1 (100.6) |
41.6 (106.9) |
40.4 (104.7) |
37.7 (99.9) |
39.6 (103.3) |
35.2 (95.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
19.5 (67.1) |
41.6 (106.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
19.9 (67.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
1.6 (34.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.9 (78.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
14.7 (58.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
13.8 (56.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.4 (20.5) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
8.4 (47.1) |
14.7 (58.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.8 (73.0) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
8.6 (47.6) |
Record low °C (°F) | −18.0 (−0.4) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.8 (0.23) |
12.8 (0.50) |
12.7 (0.50) |
28.1 (1.11) |
60.3 (2.37) |
75.3 (2.96) |
140.5 (5.53) |
163.6 (6.44) |
53.7 (2.11) |
28.1 (1.11) |
26.3 (1.04) |
8.9 (0.35) |
616.1 (24.25) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 12.1 | 11.6 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 74.6 |
Average snowy days | 3.5 | 3.0 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 10.9 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
58 | 54 | 49 | 52 | 56 | 58 | 72 | 76 | 68 | 64 | 63 | 61 | 61 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 152.5 | 156.9 | 208.9 | 231.7 | 262.1 | 226.4 | 190.4 | 189.8 | 186.4 | 185.5 | 157.5 | 151.0 | 2,299.1 |
Percent possible sunshine | 49 | 51 | 56 | 59 | 60 | 52 | 43 | 46 | 51 | 54 | 52 | 51 | 52 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] |
Demographics
As of 2006, 4,181,260 people lived in Zibo, of which 2,102,819 were male and 2,078,441 were female. The sex male to female ratio was 101.17, death rate was 5.92%, and birth rate was 8.81%. The natural growth rate of the population that year was 2.90%. The area had a population density of 704.15 per square kilometer.[citation needed]
The fourth nationwide
In 2008, the per capital disposable income of urban residents was 17,629 yuan, up by 11.2% from the year before; the per capital disposable income of rural residents was 7,364 yuan, up by 13.9%. The Engel's coefficients, which reflect the consumption structure and level of China's urban and rural residents, were 32.1% and 35.6%, respectively.[10]
Culture
This section possibly contains original research. (February 2020) |
Dialect
The Zibo dialect has classical features of Northern Chinese but also has specific characteristics of its own. In Zibo dialect, points of articulation of low vowel is particularly deep in the mouth, and most areas do not have a retroflex consonant except in parts of Linzi District.[citation needed] The Zibo dialect does not have many features that distinguish it from mandarin when it comes to sentence composition, while subtle differences may be found when people ask questions and their expressions to probability of actions. The Zibo dialect may be divided into three major sections according to the administrative districts: Huantai-Zhangdian-Zhoucun, being areas on the transport corridor between Jinan and Weifeng, have a mild mandarin accent closely resembling somewhere between Beijing, Jinan, Qingdao and Zichuan accents. Boshan has its own accent which is derived from the traditional center of the Zibo prefecture. Lastly, the Zichuan district has its own distinct accent with many colloquialisms.
Cuisine
Traditional Zibo cuisine is part of Shandong cuisine although Zibo cuisine is, in fact, not a real branch of the Lu Cuisine (Shandong cuisine), whilst Boshan Cuisine is. Boshan cuisine restaurants can only be found in Zibo, and nearby places. Featured local snacks, including Zhou Cun Pancake, Shi Ha Ma Dumpling, Vegetable Pancake, Sauced Mutton, pork feet stew with kelp lotus root and Chinese cabbage, pork intestine hotpot with fried beancurd, and Bean-curd Case (fried bean-curd stuffed with vegetables and meat), enjoy a good reputation among residents and tourists. Zibo is also home to diverse restaurants of other Chinese cuisine branches just like many other cities in China. Western restaurants are also emerging here and there in all districts of this city to cater for a growing diversity of needs from the people.
Traditional drama
The "Five-Voiced Drama" is a unique kind of local drama that originated in central Shandong and was once popular among the folks here. This form of art got its name because the show is often performed by 4-5 people, and the performance is featured by gorgeous singing tunes and vivid lyrics. The straight performance and the local style also help it to be distinguished from other Chinese dramas. The plays that are acknowledged to many people include Wang Xiao Gan Jiao (Salesboy), Wang Erjie Si Fu (Lonely lady) and so on. Zibo Five-voiced Drama Troupe is the only theatrical troupe all around the country that professionally perform this drama. By far, Five-Voiced Drama has been listed as a "National Intangible Cultural Heritage".
Artware
Boshan colored glaze is the wonderful work in Shandong Province. The history of production of colored glaze in Bo Shan is very long and better known. In the years of Hong Wu of Ming dynasty, the emperor's servants set up "Out Factory" to produce colored glaze for imperial family's use such as "blue and green curtain". By the end of Ming dynasty, the folk colored glaze was produced and developed day by day, too. In the year of Jingtai there were four big stoves in Xi Yejie Street to produce enamel material. Before and after the period of Jiajing, the colored glaze products such as pearl light, pearl rejecting, bed-curtain and mosquito net hook and so on were made by the master of Bo Shan and gradually form the colored glaze trade. In 1617(the 46th year of Wan Li), some people led by Sun Yanshou initiated to organize the guild of colored glaze which is the first organization in Yanshan Town. The colored glaze products returned the transportation and sale to Beijing and the southern parts of China besides selling in locality.[11]
Honors earned
- National Hygienic City (2006)--- National Patriotic (Public) Health Campaign Commission of P.R. China
- National Garden City (2005)---Ministry of Construction of P.R. China
- Best Tourism City in China (2001)---National Tourism Administration of P.R. China
- Historical and Cultural City (1994)---State Council of P.R. China
Tourism
Zibo enjoys abundant historical and cultural sites of interest. The Linzi Museum of Ancient Chariots, the Museum of the History of the State of Qi, the Zibo City Museum, the Zibo Museum of Ceramics, the Zhoucun Ancient Commercial Town, and the Thousand Buddha Temple in Zhoucun are the most recommendable places for tourists who want to learn about Zibo's long history and about the Qi Culture. Yuanshan National Forest Park, situated southwest of Baoshan District in Zibo, is a spot worth visiting. It consists of the Great Wall of the Qi State, the grass skiing field, Dinosaur Valley and a folk garden. The Great Wall of Qi was built by the Qi State during the Spring-and-Autumn and Warring States Periods over 2,500 years ago.[12]
In 2023, Zibo became a popular tourist destination during the May Day holiday for its barbecue, which had gained popularity on the internet.[13]
Economy
The Silk Road, prosperous from the Han to the Tang dynasty, is famous for economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. The Shandong area, particularly Zibo, was a major center of silk supply. At present, Zibo remains an important a producer of silk and light textile products in China. The city's products enjoy a great reputation at home and abroad.
More than 50 types of mineral reserves have been found in the city. Zibo is a main source of coal, iron, bauxite, coal clay, chemical limestone, pottery clay, etc. in Shandong because of their large reserves, high quality, and wide distribution. Northern Zibo is also rich in petroleum and natural gas. The city initially developed as a mining city, and is currently undergoing technological upgradation and industrial transformation.
Since 2002, the city has been steadily taking measures to improve the environment. Small, polluting coal mines and chemical factories were closed, while all major plants were required to install sewage disposal to get control the emission of air and soil pollutants. Currently, Zibo has three municipal sewage treatment plants that comply with China's Grade-A1 Integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978–1996).[14]
In 2008, the total industrial output of Zibo reached 532 billion RMB. In the same year, its GDP was 231.7 billion yuan RMB, ranking just below Qingdao, Yantai, Jinan and Weifang within the province. The percentages of GDP in the agriculture, industry and service sectors were 3.5%, 64.8%, 31.7%, respectively.
In 2017, Zibo's GDP reached 478.13 billion yuan RMB, ranking just below Qingdao, Yantai, Jinan and Weifang within the province. The percentages of GDP in the agriculture, industry and service sectors were 3.1%, 52.1%, 44.8%, respectively.[15]
In 2023, Zibo's successful policy of encouraging street food vendors became a role model for such cities as Beijing, Moscow, Ottawa and Shenzhen.[16]
Transportation
An important traffic hub of Shandong province, Zibo enjoys convenient transportation. The
Railway
37 railway stations in large and small sizes are in service nowadays. Zibo Railway Station, lying on the
Freeways and highways
- Jiqing Expressway runs west from Jinan through Zibo to Qingdao.
- Binlai Expressway begins from Zhangdian and runs south to Laiwu.
- National Highway 309 starts at Province, routing through six provinces. It has a total length of 2,208 kilometers.
- National Highway 205 starts at , which has a length of 3160 kilometers. It passes through eight provinces.
Mass transit
Mass transit in the region is provided by bus services. More than 2,500 large and medium-sized diesel buses, CNG buses are serving over 250 routes.[18] With a "Qikatong" card traveling by bus in the downtown area, passengers could get a discount of 10% to 40%. Now Zibo is undergoing restructuring of its public transit system, aiming at intensive management of higher efficiency and more professional service. Full-electric buses and taxis are now incorporated into daily operations.
Education
Zibo is a national "advanced city invigorating itself through science and technology", "cultural model city" and "technology-intensive area". Within the city's boundaries, 443,000 (data of 2008) students from Grade 1 to Grade 9 are taught in 379 primary schools and 169 middle schools respectively under the
There are 14 institutions of
, and can provide local enterprises with 30,000 specialized technical personnel every year.Sister cities
References
- ^ "Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016". www.stats-sd.gov.cn.
- ^ "15 out of top 20 cities which enjoy the fastest economic growth are in China", Sohu news, Guangzhou Daily Aug.12,08.
- ^ 2008 Top Happiest Cities in China Archived 19 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Guangzhou Daily, Retrieved on Apr.16,09.
- ^ 2009 Best 10 Harmonious Cities that enjoy Sustainable Development in China Archived 30 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine, www.sdfdc.com, Retrieved on Sep.29,09.
- ^ Zibo Background Information Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Zibo Background Information.
- ^ Zibo Travel Guide, the "travelchinaguide"website.
- ^ City Weather Details_Zibo Archived 3 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine, China Meteorological Administration.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
- ^ 2008 Statistics Bulletin of the National Economic and Social Development of Zibo[permanent dead link], Zibo Statistic Bureau.
- ^ Brilliant culture of Boshan Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Boshan Government
- ^ Tourist Attractions of Zibo[permanent dead link] hktdc.com
- ^ Shan, Chin Hui (5 May 2023). "Chinese industrial city of Zibo now a tourist hot spot thanks to its barbecue". The Straits Times. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
- ^ People's Daily Archived 16 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on Oct. 23, 2008
- ^ "2017年淄博市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "China will Wirtschaft mit Streetfood-Verkauf ankurbeln" (in German). 16 May 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ Zibo Train Timetable Tourist Information Center, Jinan Railways Bureau
- ^ Zibo Bus Schedule Archived 12 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine Zibo Municipal Bureau of Communications
- ^ Overview on Development of Zibo Education in 2008 Archived 14 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Zibo Education Bureau.
- ^ a b c d e f g h 淄博在国外还有这些小伙伴. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017.